Notational analyses and observation systems provide useful information about opponents in sports. Game analyses are often reported, but how an individual athlete analyzes players before a match is unclear.

 The purpose of this study was to reveal the types of intervening abilities an individual athlete analyzes based on a phenomenologic interview. The subject was an elite female handball goalkeeper. The subject was questioned about the ‘what’ and ’how’ of shots her analysis.

Results  What; Shooters’ characteristics of kinaestic intentionality, shooters’ grasp and intuition, and minimum images that she would see when standing in front of the goal. How; By the viewpoint of shooter and goalkeeper alternately. From the viewpoint of shooter not only visualize but also with physical feeling when shooting. The viewpoint of goalie is the shooters’ movements from whole body shooting movements to detailed movements, and back to whole body movements.

 It is necessary for coaches to know what a pass is when they coach. The dictionary definition of “pass” in the context of soccer is “To deliver the ball to an ally”. A pass is satisfactory depending on the technique and decision making. Therefore, in coaching, “what is a pass” is difficult to be properly clarified. Nevertheless, coaches can improve the passing ability of players. That is, coaches are consciously know the significance of passing a target of coaching. The purpose of this study was to clarify passing as a target of coaching. To this end, both passing training and passing coaching were considered. The present result clarified is that passing as a coaching target is motor task. Therefore, it is now being recognized that improving movement form enables one to achieve the motor task (pass).

 Das Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist es, deutlich zu machen, welche kinästhetische Weisheit des Leibes in welcher mäeutische Anleitung entsteht, wenn das effektive Annehmen eines Vorwärtspasses auf den Fuß trainiert wird. Es soll Material gesammelt werden, auf dessen Grundlage eine konkrete Anleitungsprozess erstellt werden kann, um bisher nicht mögliche Bewegungen möglich zu machen. Diese Untersuchung machte Folgendes deutlich.

1. Die taktische Stärke eines Spielers, der im Fußballspiel einen Vorwärtspass auf den Fuß annimmt, setzt sich aus den folgenden Elementen zusammen: 1) intuitive Weisheit des Leibes zum Erfassen des Raumes im eigenen Rücken, bevor der Ball angenommen wird, zusammen mit technischer Weisheit des Leibes, um den Körper in eine Haltung zu bringen, in welcher der Pass angenommen werden kann; 2)sowie intuitive Weisheit des Leibes, um den Raum abzuschätzen, damit der Ball im Moment der Passannahme nicht vom gegnerischen Verteidiger abgenommen werden kann, zusammen mit technischer Weisheit des Leibes, um den angenommenen Ball beherrschen zu können.

2. Die beim Empfänger des Passes entstehende Weisheit des Leibes entwickelt sich in einer Weise, bei der ständig erhaltenen visuellen Informationen eine intuitive Fähigkeit entsteht, die Weisheit des Leibes eingefühlt ist. Und greichzeitig damit entsteht ein Weisheit des Leibes zu einem Ganzen, die die beiden Arten technischer Weisheit des Leibes und intuitiver Weisheit des Leibes gemeinsam vereinigen sind. Es wurde deutlich, dass diese kinästhetische Weisheit des Leibes mit weiterer Erfahrung aktiver und passiver Absichtsentwicklung sowie mit verbalen und non-verbalen Methoden weiter angeregt werden kann.

3. Es zeigte sich, dass mittels der Entwicklung von intuitiver Weisheit des Leibes, mit dem der Empfänger eines Vorwärtspasses auf den Fuß bei der Annahme des Balls den Raum in seinem Rücken erfasst, sowie von technischer Weisheit des Leibes, um mit der entsprechenden Körperhaltung den Pass annehmen zu können, auch weiterer kinästhetische Weisheit des Leibes geschaffen und gefördert werden kann, wie zum Beispiel Bewegungen des Torwarts oder die Vorbereitung auf einen Schuss, für den der Spieler Richtung und Entfernung einschätzt.

 Since coaching aims to improve a player’s performance, it is necessary for the coach to tailor his/her method to the individual, especially when the learner is a child. This study focuses on the case of a tennis coach’s approach to training his daughter, who later became a professional player.

 The author looks back on her first year playing tennis, her training program, the advice her coach gave her, and the resulting emotional and technical changes this advice triggered in her.

 The objectives of the coach’s approach included the following:

① Appealing to the player’s senses through imagery

② Extracting individual elements from complex movements, and training each one separately, so that the player could focus on one element at a time

③ Discussing the purpose and result of each day’s practice session, and the player’s impression of the day.

 Through this approach, the player was delighted to improve more quickly than she would have without coaching. This rapid improvement encouraged her curiosity to explore new techniques, and motivated her to devote more of her time and energy to tennis.

 Beim Kunstturnen belästigt die technische Störung die Turner und Trainer. Es ist eine unbestreitbare Tatsache, dass die technische Störung bisher in unser Turnwelt vielmals in Problem gekommen ist. Bezüglich dieses Problems hat Akitomo Kaneko, den man damals das Gehirn des Kunstturnens in Japan hat, 1962 „Die Zehn Gebote für den Turner“ in der deutschen Zeitschrift, Olympisches Feuer, veröffenlicht. Im achten Gebot heißt es, „Der Turner soll sich nicht enttäuscht fühlen oder ungeduldig sein, wenn er seine schon angeeigneten Übungen einmal nicht wie gewöhnlich ausführen konnte“^1-s.15）. Wenn man der technischen Störung in seinem Training begegnet, kann man sie als einen Einschnitt für Fortschritt hinnehmen. Aber falls der Turner der technischen Störung in seinem Wettkampf begegnet, ist es sehr unangenehmen.

 Der Zweck dieser Arbeit besteht darin, den Fall der technischen Störung beim Wettkampf von Bewegungslehre des Kunstturnens als Fachbewegungslehre aus zu erörtern. In dieser Arbeit behandele ich die technische Störung am Sprung. Darum werden in dieser Arbeit die folgenden zwei Punkte thematisiert.

-Wie stört das Turnelement, und warum erscheint die technische Störung plötzlich beim Wettkampf plötzlich erscheinen?

-Die Bewegungskorrektur als Notbehelf mitten in technischen Störung.

 Unter der „Bewegungskorrektur“ wird in dieser Arbeit im Prinzip „Notbehelf“ verstanden. Also diese Bedeutung unterscheidet von gewöhnlicher Bewegungskorrektur. Dieser Notbehelf ist aber von sehr großer Bedeutung, besonders wenn man im Wettbewerb nur kurze Zeit für die Bewegungskorrektur hat.

 Zum Schluss sei betont, dass Trainer die Krise über zeichen für die technische Störung des Turners wahrnehmen muss. Und er muss gleich an die Bewegungskorrektur als Notbehehelf denken, wenn sein Turner in eine technische Störung beim Wettkampf geraten ist, so dass der Turner diese Krise vorübergehende überwinden kann.

 The purpose of this study is collecting a team sports coaching data through NK university women’s volleyball team (Team NK) on the 2007 West Japan Intercollegiate Women’s Volleyball Championship.

 Main findings were as follows:

1) Team NK’s West Japan Intercollegiate Women’s Volleyball Championship victory was the result of the team demonstrating the maximum ability by clearly setting the right players at right positions and their roles against opponents, compared to the spring league. It was necessary for the coach to have ability in order to determine the aptitude of athletes.

2) A senior player, who was a key player and demonstrated her maximum ability, contributed to this win. In order to earn this winning, I can say that it is imperative to have key player in the team, and it is required for the coach to develop such players.

3) It is crucial for the coach not only to be satisfied with winning but also to consider the process of his/her coaching process, and then it is indispensable to utilize the tasks for subsequent coaching.

4) It is considered that there is a possibility for the team to change the team itself even though it is a short period of time when the coach has positive manners with his efforts to communicate with players well.

5) One of the most important matters that the coach should aim for is that “players will be able to grow and develop their potential abilities through the process of coaching”, therefore, the sports-team could be such a place of growth.

 This research aimed to clarify the significance of studying tactical conduct among basketball players from a semantic point of view. Based on the results of semantic analysis of tactical actions, we classified tactical ability as “the ability to grasp structure” and “the ability to grasp scenes,” and discussed the significance of this classification. The following were determined.

1) Better athletes do not memorize how to move in a one-on-one relationship, but instead the situation and action are united in meaning (symbolizing ability as functioning), resulting in tactical power. Player tactics must be analyzed from a semantic point of view.

2) In drill guidance aiming at establishing tactical patterns at the coaching site, it is insufficient to define tactical ability as the ability of the player to symbolize, and, by means of semantic analysis, to determine whether or not tactical action is possible. The presence of a coach who can discern this factor is indispensable.

3) Research targeting conventional tactical ability was examined by focusing on “the structure” aspects. It is thought that the significance of classifying basketball players' tactical abilities in this thesis can provide fundamental knowledge contributing to coaching of basketball by taking the ability to interpret “the scenes” as the subject of a survey.

4) The ability to grasp “the structure” and “the scene” is an essential element of tactical power, and is indispensable for proper play. The former is the ability to grasp feasibility and the latter is the ability to grasp the the momentum of the game.

5) By classifying the tactical power into the two abilities, the ability to grasp “the structure”, “the scenes”, we can define the point to evaluate and coach player’s tactical power.

 This study conducted interviews on two world top level women choppers in table tennis, and by asking them when and why they started playing table tennis and changed their play styles to choppers, and how, afterwards, reached to the top level of the world, it aimed to reveal the factors of the growth process required to become top players.

 From the talks of two players, following points are considered to be important in the process to become the world-level choppers. Even if the start age is slightly late in the table tennis, there is a possibility of reaching the top level, being interested in chop plays, it is easier to success if choppers take measures to their opponents because measures are not easy to be taken in younger ages, physical training are effective to obtain the maintaining prerequisite physical conditions to acquire new sense of movement and interest, and practicing with stronger players than their own.

 Today, in junior high school health and physical education, it is very important to consciously learn forms of movement, as students must acquire not only motor skills but also thinking and decision making ability. Therefore, in our previous studies, we focused on learners’ self kinesthetic picture, and investigated its effectiveness from the standpoint of phenomenological movement theory in motor learning.

 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of utilizing others’ kinesthetic picture on students’ kinesthetic formation. Based on the study’s methodology, students added others’ kinesthetic picture to their own self kinesthetic picture in the floor exercise, and were able to deepen their kinesthetic communication based on the pictures, with the result that their motor skills, thinking and decision making ability noticeably improved. The results demonstrated that the utilization of others’ kinesthetic picture was useful for motor learning.

 The purpose of this study was to conclusion about the effectiveness of instructional device at physical education which the first writer of this investigation devised from the standpoint of the phenomenology of the Movement Theory of sports. This instructional device is the target developed for study of “pitching”, and that target has a construction which will retreat if a ball hits.

 From the lesson practice in “K elementary school” in Hokkaido, we got the possibility of retrogressive target which is made by a lot of hitting ball and motivation for physical activity.

 More practical information is required for teachers to improve their teaching. We hope that the findings of this study could contribute the elementary school teachers for their physical education classes.