Reoxidation of aluminum by Fe
tO, MnO and SiO
2 in ladle slag was studied using the activities of components in CaO-SiO
2-Al
2O
3-MgO slag. Modification of inclusions composition in calcium treatment was also thermodynamically discussed. Furthermore, the characteristics of slag deoxidation, the stability region of spinel MgO·Al
2O
3, and the control of inclusions composition in bearing and valve spring steels by top slag were studied from the thermodynamic viewpoint.
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