The lag linkage between different teleconnection patterns in the 500mb height field during Northern Hemisphere winter is investigated both statistically and analytically in this study.
On the basis of 5-day averaged 500mb heights data during winter in 1946-1985, three teleconnection patterns (E1 pattern, E2 pattern, E3 pattern) over Eurasia and three teleconnection patterns (P1 pattern, P2 pattern, P3 pattern) over the Pacific_??_North America are obtained by means of a prinicipal component analysis (Fig. 2).
Lag-correlation coeficients between different component scores are computed. It is found in the result that the couple of E3 pattern (-over northern Europe, +over Central Asia, -over Siberia, +over the eastward of Japan) and P2 pattern (+over Pacific, -over the near of Alaska, +over the center of North America, -over the southeast of North America) have very high lag-correlation (Fig. 3).
The cases in which the lag linkage between E3^- pattern and P2^- pattern occurred are picked up. The lag linkage between E3-pattern and P2- pattern is remarkable in the actual cases, but no remarkable lag linkage appeared between E3⁺ pattern and P2⁺ pattern (Fig. 5).
The activity flux of stationary waves is examined during the stage when the lag linkage between E3^- pattern and P2^- pattern occurred. In this stage, the activity of stationary waves propagates from Central Asia to the Pacific in the low latitude and the activity propagates from the Pacific in the low latitude to North America (Fig. 9). For the lag linkage between the teleconnection patterns, the barotropic propagation of stationary waves plays an important role resultedly (Fig. 7).
Relationships between this linkage of teleconnection patterns and the circulation regimes over the tropical Pacific are also investigated. It is shown that the lag linkage between E3^- pattern and P2^- pattern occurs when Southern Oscillation Index is high (the sea surface pressure at Darwin is relatively low compared with the one at Tahiti) and the tropical convection over western Pacific is active (Fig. 11 and Fig. 13).
From the results of preceding analysis, we discussed about the inferred mechanisms for the lag linkage between E3-pattern and P2-pattern.

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Inland basins located in the Northeast Japan can be classified into two types from the landforms of their basin floor. The first type has a flat basin floor composed of widely spread alluvial plains; the Yamagata Basin is an example of this type. The second has a dissected basin floor composed of hills and river terraces; the Shinjo Basin is one of this type. For the purpose of considering the difference in the basins, geomorphic development and active tectonic features in the Yamagata and Shinjo Basins were investigated through field works and aerial photograph interpretations.
The aim of this paper is to describe the characteristics of active tectonic features in these basins and to clarify the difference in the history of basin-forming between the two basins. Evolutional processes of these basins are discussed in terms of the thickness of basin-fill deposits and their relation to active faults.
Geomorphic development and active tectonics of the two basins are as follows: In the Shinjo Basin, several active faults are recognized in the basin floor and are considered to be low-angle reverse faults on the basis of the deformation of river terraces and of sediments (Fig. 3, 5). These reverse faults in the basin floor can be divided into two groups according to the time of their activities. The thrusts located nearer to the border of the basin (Fe 2) started their activities before the deposition of the Upper Yamaya Formation which is dated to be in the middle Quaternary period. However, the thrusts located near the center of the basin (Fe 4) should be younger than those located nearer along the border of the basin (Fe 2), because they started their activities after the deposition of the Upper Yamaya Formation and last to the Holocene. On the other hand, in the Yamagata Basin, most of active faults are located along the border of the basin (Fig. 1). A few faults are located in the basin floor in the northern part of the basin, and the length of the faults and the distance from the border of the basin are shorter than those in the Shinjo Basin (Fig. 3).
Considering the stratigraphy in the two basins (Tab. 1), the origin of the difference of active tectonics between the two is interpreted as follows: Thick unconsolidated basin-fill sediments of the pliocene had already existed in the Shinjo Basin, when the basin forming movements started in the beginning of Quaternary. Then low-angle thrusts located off the border of the basin were formed in the sediments as a detachment thrust, and the thrust-front migrated to ward toward the basin. After that, another thrust-front migrated to the center of the basin. Because of these plural thrust-front migration, uplifted sides of the thrusts in the basin floor became a dissected and hilly landscape. Thus, development of alluvial plain in the basin was restricted. On the other hand, the Yamagata Basin started its formation for the first time in middle Quaternary, and the thickness of unconsolidated basin-fill sediments is not yet enough for the migration of thrust-front to the center of the basin. As a result, alluvial plain is still widely developed in the basin floor.
It is probably considered that basin-fill deposits get thick gradually along with the development of the basin formation. On this assumption, the stage of the basin formation is considered to be more advanced in the Shinjo Basin than in the Yamagata Basin. From this interpretation, the author presents a model of the evolutional process of a tectonic basin in the Quaternary (Fig. 10).

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The construction of condominiums of over six stories are increasing rapidly in Japan, particularly within the surrounding area of CBD of the major cities. This phenomenon has been brought to light together with the issues of suburban development and the acceleration of redevelopment in the surrounding area of CBD (SACBD). With the construction of condominiums, the SACBD has experienced many changes, some of which are not physically apparent. As a result, a part of the SACBD has begun to take on the qualities of a regenerated area.
The purpose of this article is to verify that a part of the SACBD is regenerated area. With this objection, the author looked into the changing patterns of land use and the changing structure of the population of the area. The former change is easy to capture on landscape, while the latter one is difficult to capture on landscape. The field work was carried out in Osaka City, where inner city problems have long been recognized. Following are a few comments on figures found in this article as well as some highlights of the research results.
Fig. 1 shows the regional division of Osaka City by house type and Fig. 2 shows the regional site of the CBD and SACBD within the JR Osaka Kanjo Line. As indicated by these figures, the SACBD (inner part A-type) has especially high ratio of households who live in condominiums. For this reason, the SACBD (inner part A-type), or the eastern half of the Nishi Ward was selected as the area of examination. As of September 30, 1985, this area had 223 condominium-buildings, containing approximately 12, 000 houses.
Fig. 3 shows the number of buildings and houses located within the area by using a three-year moving-mean. This figure was designed to set located periods of condominiums for use in the following analysis. The located periods of condominiums refer to the number of located buildings and houses with a distinction made between owner-occupied type and rented type. The periods are also shown in Fig. 3. In the first period, there appears to be only rented type. The owner-occupied type begin to appear in the second period. The number of owner-occupied buildings and houses located rises around the third and fourth periods, and the number of rented buildings and houses are increasing rapidly in the fifth period.
Fig. 4 shows both the change in total floor area (m²) and in land use befere owner-occupied condominiums were constructed. In this figure, the rented type is not considered. This figure reveals that condominiums have been scaled down and that the land use now being used for condominiums was previously the site of factories and warehouses and subsequently the site of residential houses, retail stores, eating and drinking eatablishments to serve the individual. It is belived that the passage of a law making the operation of factories in the SACBD difficult and the introduction of a land trading system making the acquisition of condominium sites simpler promoted these change to occur.
The chage of land use accompanying the construction of condominiums is shown in Fig. 5-(a)_??_(d). These figures represent the spatial distribution of previous land use (Fig. 4) using cluster analysis. Fig. 6 is a synthesis of Fig. 5-(a)_??_(d). The knowledge earned from these representation allows for generalization of urban land use. However in the north-eastern part of the area being examined which contains a high density of skyrise office buildings, data concerning condominiums is inconclusive. Basically, the locations of condominiums point to areas where the ‘scrap and build’ process is most easy.
Fig. 7-(a)_??_(e) show population change with the construction of condominiums in each area using cohort analysis. This group of figures pertains to the five areas in Fig. 2, with examined area shown in Fig. 7-(a). From this figure a clear difference between 1975 and 1980 is apparent.

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