Japanese metropolitan areas were formed by the concentration of people in large cities during the 1960s and subsequent suburbanization. As factors contributing to the concentration, demographers have argued that not only economic but also demographic factors were important, that is, the Japanese demographic transition from high fertility and mortality to low fertility and -mortality was so rapid that cohort groups which had a large number of siblings were created. Then non-successors in rural areas, called “potential lifetime out-migrants” moved to metropolitan areas.
The residential careers of this cohort have not been analyzed previously. In analyzing this cohortspecific migration experience, the concept of life-course is useful. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the residential careers of metropolitan suburbanites in detail.
Longitudinal data on residential careers were collected through a retrospective survey of 120 households in Kozoji New Town, a suburb of Nagoya. Those sampled were married men born between 1935 and 1955 and their wives. Most of the husbands were white-collar workers and more than half commuted to Nagoya.
The results of the analysis are summarized as follows:
(1) Migration upon events and between events
Residential careers are classified by three life events: leaving the parental home, marriage, and moving to a detached house in Kozoji New Town. Seventy percent of husbands and 30% of wives experienced the leaving the parental home before marriage. When they married, almost all married men moved within the metropolitan area, but a considerable number of their wives moved from a distance. After marriage, the number of rooms increased upon moving within the same city or same metropolitan area. After moving into a detached house in Kozoji New Town, their mobility became much lower than previously. However, some married man continued to transfer and moved to a new workplace alone, leaving their families in Kozoji New Town.
(2) Residential career by birthplace
Birthplaces of the sample population were divided into three categories: the Nagoya metropolitan area; the Tokyo and Osaka metropolitan areas; and nonmetropolitan areas. The residential careers of those born in the last category were the most complex. Many married men born in nonmetropolitan areas moved to the Nagoya metropolitan areas when they left their parental homes, and many of them lived in the central city before marriage. But a considerable number of their wives had been living in theirr birthplace before marriage. Upon marriage, they moved to the Nagoya metropolitan area, not only the central city but also suburban areas. Judging from this, there were many differences between husbands and wives in the process of concentration in the Nagoya metropolitan area.
(3) Flow into Kasugai city from outside the Nagoya metropolitan area
Those born outside the Nagoya metropolitan area flowed into the Nagoya metropolitan area as a result of getting a job, job transfer, or marriage. Before the early 1970s they flowed into Nagoya city, but afterward they came to Kasugai city directly. The most important reason for this change was lifecycle stage: those who came to the Nagoya metropolitan area after the late 1970s brought their children and needed more living space. Therefore they preferred Kasugai city to Nagoya city although the husbands' new workplace after transfer was in Nagoya city.

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The paleogeography and sea-level change during the Holocene in the Tamana Plain along the Kikuchi River are investigated on the basis of aerial photographs, borehole data, sulfur and diatom analyses, and ¹⁴C dating.
The Tamana coastal plain along the southeastern coast of Ariake Bay is a typical alluvial plain formed in the Holocene. The plain is geomorphologically divided into three parts: flood plain, delta, and reclaimed land. The flood plain includes natural levees, active and abandoned channels, and flood basins. The delta has two sandy ridges parallel to the coast which are old bars and sand dunes. The distribution of archeological sites on the sandy ridges indicates that the inner ridge had emerged earlier than ca. 2, 000 yr. B. P. and the outer one earlier than ca. 500 yr. B. P. The reclaimed land along the coast was constructed after the 17th century.
Recent formations beneath the plain are divided into four members: basal gravel member (BG), lower sandy member (LS), middle clayey member (MC), and upper sandy member (US) in ascending order. The BG is fluvial gravel beds which were deposited in the basal valley bottom during the stage of the lowest sea-level, ca. -100m, in the last glacial age. The LS is sandy sediments formed in a delta or a flood plain during the early transgressive stage in the last glacial period. The MC is clayey sediments with many marine molluscs. The MC formed in the delta and the bay during the main stage of the Holocene transgression. The ¹⁴C dating of moluscan fossils in the MC and the sulfur and diatom analysis of the upper part of the MC shows that the sea-level was about 20m in 9 ka, rose to 2m of the maximum level of transgression in 5 ka, and lowered to 0.2m at 3.5 ka. The US is fluvial or deltaic sandy sediments after 5 ka in the slow regression.
The sea-level change indicates the uplifting of the Tamana Plain during the past 6, 000 years. The uplifting corresponds to the hydro-isostatic adjustment model around the Japan Islands. Thus asthenospheric material flows from the ocean side of the East China Sea to the inland side of the Tamana Plain by meltwater loading due to the last deglaciation of large polar ice caps. The uplift is consistent with this model.

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Evaluation of the radiation fields on surfaces sloping in different directions is important to assess agricultural land use and to carry out practical operations over complex terrains. To investigate the distribution of the radiation environment, a mesh model with 250-m mesh size, which can be used to describe the effect of horizontal screening by neighboring mountains, developed originally by Kurose (1991), was applied to mountainous agricultural areas characterized by complex terrain. Emphasis was placed on the characteristics of the spatial variation during sunrise and sunset, duration of sunshine, and global solar radiation energy.
On the day of the winter solstice, in the analyzed area of Kuma (33.5°N, 133°E), Ehime prefecture, the time of sunrise shifted from 7:20 at Takano (Fig. 2, _??_) to 8:20 at Nakanomura (Fig. 2, _??_), and sunset occurred at 15:30 at Nakanomura and at 16:50 at Takano. On the northern surface and area surrounded by steep slopes, the value of the duration of sunshine was reduced to a minimum value of 7 hours. On the other hand, in the open area, the value was up to 9.6 hours. Differences in the duration of sunshine over whole meshed areas amounted to about 50 minutes in July and 2 hours in December.
Global radiation energy absorbed by a unit horizontal surface appeared to be maximum over ridge zones and minimum over lower areas of the basin. In June, the amount of the average global radiation energy was 2.1 times higher than in December. The highest values of global radiation over the sloping surfaces appeared on slopes of which the inclination was equal to the zenith angle of the sun. A near maximum with a value of 11.4 MJ•m^-2•day^-1 appeared at Takano, with a slope orientation of S20°W and slope inclination of 16°. On the contrary, near Kaminojiri (Fig. 2, _??_), with a slope orientation of N25°E and inclination of 16°, the value was reduced to 9.7 MJ•m^-2•day^-1. About 10% of the potential global radiation varied over the analyzed area in the equinoctial months. The ratio of the differences become high on the winter solstice and low on the summer solstice, respectively.
Over the south-facing slopes at middle altitudes of the mountains, the area where the flux of global solar energy accepted by the original surface should be in excess of that accepted by the horizontal surface. In the Kuma area, the magnitudes of the excesses were +6.1 % at Takano and -9.4% at Kaminojiri. From the viewpoint of agricultural assessment based on usage of natural resources, the excess amount in hillside areas should permit orchard or pasture field usage.

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