IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials
Online ISSN : 1347-5533
Print ISSN : 0385-4205
ISSN-L : 0385-4205
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Volume 122, Issue 8
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Paper
  • The Modeling of Lead-Acid Battery by Frequency-Response Characteristics
    F. Yusivar, H. Haratsu, M. Sato, S. Wakao, K. Kondo, K. Matsuoka, T. K ...
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2002 Volume 122 Issue 8 Pages 715-721
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.122.715
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    As battery spread more widely in recent years, we have to model its transient response precisely to grasp the whole characteristic of power source system in designing, for example, the efficient driving system of electric vehicle(EV). Up to this time, many methods are presented for battery modeling, but it is still difficult to obtain the exact characteristics of battery by them. In this paper, with this background, we propose a novel method to model the transient response of battery in view of the control engineering. In the proposed method, we measure the frequency-response of battery and introduce the concept of transfer function to decide the admittance value of battery. Finally we estimate the equivalent circuit of battery from the obtained admittance value. We also investigate the variation of circuit-constant values with the battery residual capacity.
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  • Surface Treatment of Plastics by an Atmospheric Pressure Corona Torch
    Shinako Takayama, Shigeru Ono, Shinriki Teii
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2002 Volume 122 Issue 8 Pages 722-728
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.122.722
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    Using a simple DC pen-like corona torch at atmospheric pressure, surface treatments of the plastic film has been carried out for improving hydrophilic property. The small corona torch consists of two coaxial cylindrical electrodes with a different length and the plasma is generated by the surface discharge along the ceramic tube, which is inserted between the two electrodes. Although the power of the torch plasma was small only about 1∼5W, it enables to decrease the contact angle of an ethylene glycol drop on the film surface from 50° to 5° within 1∼2 minutes plasma irradiation. The contact angle of the film after treatment increased at the rate of 4° a day, and after five days had passed, reached a constant value almost.
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  • Effect of Excitation Transfer in Rare Gas Mixtures for Plasma Display Panels
    Satoshi Uchida, Hirotake Sugawara, Yosuke Sakai, Tsuneo Watanabe
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2002 Volume 122 Issue 8 Pages 729-735
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.122.729
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    The effect of Ar or Kr addition to Ne/Xe used for plasma display panels on the radiation properties and the ionization rate is investigated using a Boltzmann equation method combined with rate equations for electrons and excited species. When Ar is added to Ne/Xe for the Xe mixture ratio KXe(=NXe/ΣsNs, N: the molecule concentration, s: molecule species)=0.05, the production rate of Xe(1s) increases by excitation transfer from Ar to Xe and reaches to 5.8 times as high as that in Ne/Xe for E/p0>4.5Vcm-1Torr-1. In the case of Kr addition, the production rate becomes 7.7 times. The radiation efficiency of ultra violet light in Ne/Ar/Xe and Ne/Kr/Xe increases significantly compared with that in Ne/Xe for E/p0>4.9Vcm-1Torr-1. Addition of Kr is more effective for improvement of the efficiency than that of Ar, since the synergy effect of excitation transfer and production of Xe*2 is induced. On the other hand, the ionization rate decreases by addition of Ar or Kr, since Penning ionization decreases significantly with the Ne concentration.
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  • Experiments on Visual Characteristics of Elderly
    Kazuo Yamaba, Masanori Nagata
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2002 Volume 122 Issue 8 Pages 736-741
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.122.736
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    Cataract (white cloudy condition) resulting from the turbidity in crystalline lens of the eye, changes in the transmission factor of light resulting from yellow discoloration of the crystalline lens. In this study, by the use of LEDs in red, yellow, green and blue, visual experiment on aged and young peoples has been conducted to make comparison between them. In addition, we have conducted visual experiment using materials to simulate eyesight of elderly. Based on results of these visual experiments, it would be possible to create a better living environment for aged people. In this paper we would like to create a new guideline as a way to evaluate the visual characteristics relative to respective LEDs in red, yellow, green and blue.
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  • Surface Processing of PTFE using Discharge under High E/n Condition
    —Chemical Stability of Processed Surface—
    Naoki Hamamura, Masashi Kajitani, Motoshige Yumoto, Takao Sakai
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2002 Volume 122 Issue 8 Pages 742-747
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.122.742
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    Surface processing of PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) using high E/n discharge in nitrogen rich condition was carried out. In the paper, to know a kind of introduced polar groups and chemical stability of the surface by the processing, the sample was rinsed with the water and the water was analyzed by FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and measured pH. Further, to know a chemical change by the rinse, depth profile was carried out using angle-resolved XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). From the results, many polar groups including oxygen and nitrogen were introduced on the surface. pH of the water decreased and polar groups such as -NO2 and -COOH were detected in the water. Surface energy and component were changed a little by the rinse. It was suggested that the processing is able to increase surface energy with chemical stability.
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  • Non-destructive Measurement of Complex Permittivity of Board Type Dielectric Sample using Rectangular Cavity Resonator
    Koji SHIBATA, Osamu HASHIMOTO, Yusuke WATANABE, Takeshi TAKAHASHI
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2002 Volume 122 Issue 8 Pages 748-754
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.122.748
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    In this paper, the author presents the non-destructive measurement method that the imaginary part of the complex permittivity of thin dielectric sample which conforms the slit of the cavity resonator is estimated. First, the author calculates the quality factor using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, on condition that a thin sample is inserted into the rectangular cavity resonator. The agreement is obtained between calculation and measurement, under the variation of the complex permittivity. Second, the author provided here the measurement chart by the relation between the quality factor calculated by FDTD method and the imaginary part of the permittivity, and then the measurement chart could be used for practical measurement. The comparison of the complex permittivity of the material determined by the present method with FDTD and perturbation method at 2GHz is performed. It was confirmed that the present method is effective for estimation the complex permittivity.
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  • The Consideration on The Initial Growth Stage of Sputtered Ag Thin Films Observed by Ellipsometry
    Hidehiko Shimizu, Yoichi Hoshi, Shuichi Kawabata
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2002 Volume 122 Issue 8 Pages 755-760
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.122.755
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    To study the initial growth of Ag thin film in the sputtering method, Ag thin films were deposited using a facing-targets sputtering apparatus that can attain a high vacuum of 10-9 Torr order. We observed the film’s growth process by using a scanning electron microscope and an in-situ spectroscopic ellipsometer. The thickness at which the film turns into a continuous film could be decreased by using the bias sputtering method. However, since Ag atom in thin film can move like a liquid even at room temperature and the morphology of the thin film changes as time passes, fabrication of continuous film was very difficult. The structure of Ag films in the initial growth stage having an isolated island can be analyzed with the model of Maxwell-Garenett, and the films thicknesses above 5nm can be analyzed with Bruggeman’s model, where the islands are connected. The results of our study clearly showed that the situation and changes in the morphology of the film could be evaluated by using the spectroscopic ellipsometer.
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  • Impulse Response Parameter Errors Caused by Imprecisely Recorded Unit Step Response
    Shuji SATO, Tatsuya HARADA, Takayuki WAKIMOTO, Masamori SAEKI, Tomoaki ...
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2002 Volume 122 Issue 8 Pages 761-767
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.122.761
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    This paper clarified the effect of recording error of the unit step response by a transient recorder over the simulated impulse response using the numerical convolution method for evaluating the performance of the impulse measuring system. The unit step response, imprecisely recorded but falls within a margin defined by IEC61083-1, is approximated by an analytical function and is used to analyse the response parameters for the lightning impulse measuring system. Simulations show that errors for the front time can become intolerable for the reference measuring system while those for peak value stay insignificant. Simulations were carried out with the standard lightning impulse (1.2/50μsec) as well as its variations still accepted by IEC 60060-1.
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  • Electric Field of Surface Discharge Inception by Electrificated Charge
    Shinichi Tashiro, Masao Endo
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2002 Volume 122 Issue 8 Pages 768-775
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.122.768
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    It is well-known that a surface discharge is significantly affected by electrificated charge on the surface of an insulator. However, only limited information is available concerning the electric field strength of a surface discharge produced by the charge itself. This paper describes the relationship between a surface discharge inception field caused by the charge itself and the pressure. After the charge was electrificated on the surface of film covering a plane electrode by corona discharge using a needle electrode, this electrode system was placed in a vacuum chamber lowering the pressure. A weak discharge momentarily occurs at a critical pressure around the center of the electrificated charge. We obtained the relation between the maximum field strength and the critical pressure in the range of about 50 hPa-1000hPa. It should be emphasized that the inception electric field were 6-8kV/mm at the atmospheric pressure and the 0.5kV/mm at 50hPa. Finally, such results are discussed comparing the flashover voltage of the uniform field and the electric field of discharge inception obtained through the experiment with various altitude in the lightning cloud.
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  • History of Circuit Breaker Development and Research Subjects
    Satoru Yanabu
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2002 Volume 122 Issue 8 Pages 776-782
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.122.776
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    The history of circuit breaker development is reviewed and it must be emphasized that early stage of electricity application, there was no circuit breaker technology at all. The amount of electric power consumption was increased and gradually the circuit breaker concept was developed. At first the oil circuit breaker is developed in Europe and the air circuit breaker and the vacuum circuit breaker were developed. Finally the SF6 gas circuit breaker are developed together with the gas insulated switchgear. It is also written that by reviewing the history, one can easily point out the present problem judging from the tendency of general picture.
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  • A study of winding losses in an induction coil and radiated emissions of electrodeless lamps
    Hiroyasu KATSUMI, Kazurou HARADA, Yoshiyuki ISHIHARA, Toshiyuki TODAKA ...
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2002 Volume 122 Issue 8 Pages 783-790
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.122.783
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This paper investigates winding losses in an induction coil and radiated emissions of electrodeless lamps. As the operating frequency of electrodeless lamps is high, the AC resistance of an induction coil increases by the influence of skin effect and proximity effect. In order to calculate the magnetic field at the coil for the calculation of AC resistance, we replace the winding turns of the coil with the parallel of separated circular coils in the analysis. Therefore, the AC resistance of solid and litz wires in an induction coil is easily derived in this paper. This paper also investigates radiated emissions of electrodeless lamps. From the analysis and the experiment, it is clarified that the radiated emissions at discharging is higher than that before discharging because the harmonic-components of the current of the induction coil at discharging are larger than that before discharging.
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