We examine how political preferences shape household beliefs in the context of the 2025 Japanese Upper House election. In this election, the ruling coalition suffered a decisive defeat. We conducted two waves of an online survey administered two days before and two days after the election, with 1,000 respondents in each wave. The survey elicited expectations about the macroeconomic outlook, including one-year-ahead inflation. We find that supporters of the incumbent parties became significantly less optimistic after the election, while inflation expectations increased among respondents confident in their forecasts and perceived inflation uncertainty declined. Importantly, these effects are heterogeneous across individuals and are particularly pronounced among female and lower-income respondents. Our results suggest that partisan alignment shapes both the level and updating of macroeconomic expectations, with the magnitude of these effects varying systematically across individuals.

感染症の発生届は感染症法により医師に届出が義務付けられているが，届出が正確に行われておらず実態を把握できていない可能性がある．本研究では，梅毒，ウイルス性肝炎，急性弛緩性麻痺，急性脳炎，侵襲性肺炎球菌感染症，劇症型溶血性レンサ球菌感染症を対象に，医師へのオンライン調査により発生届出の実態を把握し，届出のボトルネックを特定した．その結果，発生届出率は低く，主な要因は届出義務や罰則の認識不足であった．届出率は50代以上の医師や義務認識が低い医師で有意に低く，定点医療機関勤務や電子カルテ導入で有意に高かった．ランダム化比較試験により届出促進ナッジの効果を検証したところ，即時的には届出意思を高めるが，3ヵ月後にはその効果はほぼ消失した．発生届出率向上には，検査通知票への届出義務の明記や定期的な啓発活動が必要である．

本研究では，大阪府が提供する防災アプリのダウンロード意欲に，ナッジの知見を用いた動画及びチラシによるナッジ介入が与える影響を，オンラインRCTを用いて検証した．動画は利他性・利得強調のほか，異なる要素を加えた操作性訴求動画・接写動画・クイズ動画の3種類，チラシは既存チラシとゲーミフィケーション等の要素を加えたクイズチラシの2種類を用いた．その結果，チラシによる効果は確認されなかったが，音声有無の動画視聴方法をコントロールした場合は，動画では操作性訴求動画がダウンロード意欲を最も高めることを明らかにした．また，音声ありの動画視聴を行ったということ，女性であるということがダウンロード意欲を高くしていることを確認した．また，操作性訴求動画・クイズ動画は，性別では女性に対して，活動場所では大阪府のうち大阪市以外で活動する人に対してダウンロード意欲を高めていたという異質性も確認した．

This study aimed to examine whether personalized feedback and social comparison nudges improve eco-driving among commercial vehicle drivers in a randomized controlled trial. At a business site in Tochigi, Japan, 54 drivers were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups, considering age, baseline fuel efficiency, and vehicle type. The intervention group received personalized feedback on their average fuel efficiency (km/L) and rank within their vehicle type, categorized into three levels. These messages, combining personalized feedback and social comparison, were emailed twice during the intervention by the company’s general affairs department. A three-way analysis of variance considering group, month, and vehicle type revealed that the control group’s average fuel efficiency declined significantly by 4.8% during the intervention, whereas no significant change occurred in the intervention group. These findings suggest that such messages can effectively promote eco-driving.