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Volume 42 (2001)
- Issue 4 Pages 304-
- Issue 3 Pages 205-
- Issue 2 Pages 121-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 42, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Hirokazu Takahashi, Masayuki Nakao, Takenori Okusa, Yotaro Hatamura, Y ...2001 Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 1-8
Published: January 20, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes attempts to control pitch by applying finger pressure for electrolaryngeal or intra-mouth vibrating speech. Two control strategies were employed: (1) pitch was determined directly by finger pressure; (2) pitch was determined by binary commands of voicing and accent, which are coded according to the intensity of finger pressure. As a reference, conventional pitch control with expiration pressure (3) was also examined. In the experiments, naturalness of pitch control was evaluated when the laryngectomee spoke through an electrolarynx or an intra-mouth vibrator. The results indicated that binary pitch control using finger pressure (2) was more effective than direct pitch control using finger pressure (1), and as natural as direct pitch control with expiration pressure (3) . Compared with direct pitch control using expiration pressure, binary pitch control offers additional advantages in terms of simplicity and availability for all patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (1032K) -
Masaki Nishio, Seiji Niimi2001 Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 9-16
Published: January 20, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpeech intelligibility was studied in 115 individuals with dysarthria. Major results include the following.
1. Monosyllabic intelligibility scores were far below word intelligibility scores in patients with a moderate level of intelligibility scores, whereas word intelligibility scores were below monosyllabic intelligibility scores in patients with a severe level of intelligibility scores. The present data can be interpreted as evidence that these two parameters reflect different aspects of abnormal motor speech performance.
2. Intelligibility scores necessitating an AAC system were between 20 and 30 percent in monosyllabic and word intelligibility, and around a scale value of 3.5 in conversational intelligibility.
3. Speech intelligibility was relatively high and seldom required an AAC system with ataxic and UUMN dysarthria, whereas speech intelligibility was relatively low and largely necessitated an AAC system in spastic, flaccid, and mixed dysarthria.
Based on these findings, the clinical significance of speech intelligibility in dysarthric speakers is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (937K) -
Chiyomi Ohmori, Waka Hohji, Nobuyuki Nonaka, Nozomu Mori, Michio Kawan ...2001 Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 17-23
Published: January 20, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSArticulatory improvements in two congenitally deaf infants with cochlear implants were investigated during the first year after operation. Case 1, whose preoperative speech development kept abreast of his age, received the implant at 5 yeare 11 months. Case 2, whose preoperative speech development was behind his age, received the implant at 4 years 5 months. We recorded their spontaneous speech on videotape once before the operation and several times during the first postoperative year, and transcribed their pronunciation into the International Phonetic Alphabet in order to examine improvements in consonant production. The results were as follows. (1) A common tendency was observed in the acquisition of phonemes in both cases, which was thought to be related to the facility to Produce and perceive in patients fitted with devices. (2) No difference between the two cases existed with respect to phoneme acquisition times; however, case 2 required longer periods of time to produce such phonemes in his speech. We believe this last result might be caused by the difference in preoperative speech development between the two cases.View full abstractDownload PDF (965K) -
Toshitsugu Nozaki, Gentaro Mizojiri, Yuko Shiba, Minoru Kinishi2001 Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 24-32
Published: January 20, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: December 08, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to evaluate surgery on patients with Reinke's edema, polyp, and nodule, phonatory functions were measured pre- and post-operatively. Three indices were measured in this study: perceptual, acoustic, and aerodynamic. A total of 43 cases of Reinke's edema, 49 cases of polyp, and 16 cases of nodule underwent endolaryngeal microsurgery. The treatment given to the patients consisted of the surgery alone.
Generally, the severity of impairment was greatest with Reinke's edema, then polyp, and finally, nodule. Phonatory functions were most impaired in the same order: in other words, the greater the lesion, the more severe the impairment.
For all the diseases, the mean values of the G, R, B, S scales, APQ, and MPT improved after surgery. In the G, R, and B scales and NNEb for the three disceases, slightly under 50 percent of the patients returned to normal.
The perceptual features of Reinke's edema and polyp seemed to be effectad by the mass of the lesion. In addition, in cases of nodule, hyperfunctional vocal habit remained after surgery, and this is thought to be a causative factor of this disease.
These results demonstrated both the efficacy and limitations of surgery. Further developments in surgical technique and establishment of adequate surgical indications are required.View full abstractDownload PDF (982K) -
—Assessment with Audiological Examinations—Yayoi Suzuki, Kimitaka Kaga2001 Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 33-38
Published: January 20, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBilateral temporal lobe lesions can cause auditory disorders referred to as “cortical deafness” or “auditory agnosia.” “Auditory agnosia” means impairment of the ability to interpret both verbal and nonverbal sounds, although the patient can hear them. A detailed report, especially on pediatric cases, is rare.
We present here a case of auditory agnosia due to herpes simplex encephalitis. The patient is a 17-year-old female. At 6 months of age, she suffered from herpes encephalitis. Indifference to sound was noted when she was 3 years old.
Brain MRIs showed bilateral primary auditory cortex lesions. In audiological examination, she showed moderate hearing loss by pure tone audiometry (average 58 dBs at play audiometry) . However, ABR showed a normal pattern at 90dB click stimuli. She was able to answer correctly 75% of the environmental sound discrimination tests. These data suggest the existence of another neural pathway to recognize sound which bypasses the primary auditory cortex. Because the patient's encephalitis occurred before acquisition of language, auditory agnosia severely affected her language development.View full abstractDownload PDF (2790K) -
2001 Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 43-99
Published: January 20, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (8872K) -
2001 Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 100
Published: January 20, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (89K)
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