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Volume 43 (2002)
- Issue 4 Pages 375-
- Issue 3 Pages 219-
- Issue 2 Pages 105-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 43, Issue 3
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Kenichi Michi2002 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 219-237
Published: July 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn addition to surgical methods and speech training, prosthetic appliances applying technical knowledge from dentistry are used to treat speech disorders caused by organic or functional impairment in the oral and pharyngeal regions. Generally, surgical methods are applied for organic diseases as the first choice. Prosthetic and functional training procedures are applied to organic diseases in which adequate function is not obtainable through surgical procedures or surgical procedures are not suitable. Prosthetic procedures should be considered as the first choice in treatment especially of physically compromised patients or patients who continue to suffer from speech disorders after surgery.
Prosthetic procedures or appliances are classified according to the site and function to be compensated. Applications of prosthetic speech appliances in common usages and their effectiveness are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (12352K) -
Megumi Yamaji2002 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 238-246
Published: July 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe report on three cases of language retardation on whom kana letters and words were used for speech therapy. The subjects were examined using developmental charts of language modalities from two to four years old. They were again examined by ITPA at five to six years of age, at which time they could comprehend and speak some words.
The developmental charts of language modalities were used three or four times before the examination by ITPA. Auditory and visual comprehension revealed the following features. 1) With the developmental charts of language modalities, they showed better visual than auditory comprehension of words. 2) With the ITPA, (1) no difference was found between “auditory sequential memory” and “visual sequential memory” in any of the three cases; (2) all three cases showed better ability at “visual closure” than “grammatic closure”. In two cases, “visual association” was better than “auditory association”, and in the other case “visual reception” was better than “auditory reception”.
The ratios of visual comprehension to auditory comprehension with the charts of language modalities were 111-150%, and those of the ITPA were 116-163%, i.e. both fell within roughly the same range. All three cases showed better visual comprehension with the developmental charts of language modalities during their infant years. These findings suggest that it is necessary to evaluate visual language abilities before speech onset for speech therapy of language retarded children.View full abstractDownload PDF (1091K) -
—Performance in Novel Movement Production—Hiroaki Kobayashi, Kikuko Hayasaka2002 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 247-255
Published: July 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated performance in novel movement production in 27 children with stuttering and phonological disorders (S+P), 27 children who suffer from stuttering alone (S+ NP), and 27 children who have neither stuttering nor phonological disorder (NS+NP) (N=81; age: 5: 6-11: 5) . Each subject was guided to reproduce novel manual sequences presented on a computer display immediately after a buzzer sounded. The tasks involved seven different sequences each consisting of 1-4 elements. The dependent measures were (a) number of errors (additional type error, insufficient/substitution type error), (b) response time, and (c) execution time. Results indicated that (1) the number of errors in the S + P subjects exceeded those in the S+NP and NS +NP subjects, and (2) there were no significant differences in response/execution times among the three groups. These results shows that performance in novel movement production in S+P children differs from that in S+NP and NS+NP groups.View full abstractDownload PDF (987K) -
Hirokazu Ogawa, Joji Kobayashi, Aki Okada, Masamitsu Hyodo2002 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 256-260
Published: July 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA voice therapy program using pushing exercises was introduced for three patients with hoarseness due to unilateral vocal fold paralysis. In all patients, incomplete closure of the glottis was successfully decreased and subjective complaints were with drawn. Phonatory examinations showed objective improvements in maximum phonation time, AC/DC ratio, mean flow rate, shimmer and jitter in all three patients. Voice therapy requires long periods of time to realize its effects, and in patients with wide incomplete closure of the glottis during phonation, effectiveness of therapy is limited. However, voice therapy should be considered as an alternative means of controlling hoarseness due to unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (2440K) -
Fumi Tamai, Yoji Tokunaga, Kimitaka Kaga2002 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 261-269
Published: July 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe process of improvement and long-term outcome of linguistic and nonlin-guistic functions are reported in two cases who had suffered severe traumatic brain injury caused by a serious fall. The first case was a 27-year-old male who had had an accident at 11 years of age.He remained in a coma for four months following evacuation of hematoma. MRI revealed extensive lesions extending across the parietal, temporal and occipital lobes, basal ganglia and thalamus of the left hemisphere. The patient showed severe aphasia, dysarthria and apraxia of speech. He underwent speech therapy for 15 years, and language comprehension and expression abilities showed good recovery. However, word-finding, syntactic processing, and writing or reading deficits were sometimes apparent. The second case was a 10-year-old boy who had had a fall at 3 years of age. CT scan revealed an extensive low-density area in the left frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. The child showed mild aphasia following a coma lasting one week. He was treated by a speech therapist before entering elementary school. At 10 years of age, the child demonstrated recovery of functional communication skills despite the persistence of higher level language deficits, such as difficulties in comprehension and production of complex syntactic structures, and in written language processing. The WISC-R test revealed a verbal IQ of 59 and a performance IQ of 40. Performance levels on the Benton visual memory test and Frostig developmental test of visual perception were lower than the means of normal children. Today both cases continue to show deficits in linguistic and nonlinguistic functions due to the lesions in the left hemisphere, and they require long-term medical treatment and educational support.View full abstractDownload PDF (5353K) -
Tomofumi Sasaki, Hidemi Itoh, Hiroko Nakahara2002 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 270-279
Published: July 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLingually attached prostheses fabricated by efficiently applying the residual lingual function of glossectomy patients and utilizing the palatograms /ata/, /aki/ and /aka/ have been shown to effectively improve oral function, including articulation.
In this report, we sought to obtain basic data for convalescence prognosis and good maintenance over the long term, by examining changes in the artificial palate shape of lingually attached prostheses and articulation recovery resulting from the palatograms. The observations focused on two patients with different degrees of glossectomy and speech intelligibility indexes of less than 50%.
Finding showed that the mobility range of the tongue became smaller in case A but grew larger in case B.
These patterns indicate that the form and function of the tongue changed, and confirmed that there are differences between individuals in the tendency of such change.
These results suggested that periodic and proactive examinations and maintenance are needs to keep the prosthesis in good condition.View full abstractDownload PDF (8053K) -
—Weighted Noise Voice Treatment and its Effectiveness—Nobuo Takahashi, Yuka Sasaki, Hirotatsu Takahashi, Masaaki Nagafuchi2002 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 280-289
Published: July 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study assessed a new voice treatment method using the Lombard effect (Weighted Noise Voice Treatment) for voice deficits associated with cerebrovascular disease. 15 cerebrovascular disease patients with hypofunctional voice disorder spoke while listening to a continuous weighted noise presented binaurally through a set of headphones at a level of 35-55 dB. In everyday conversation, 11 patients exhibited improved vocal quality and 12 patients, improved vocal intensity.
Many patients with cerebrovascular disease have motor disorders which make it difficult and dangerous for them to receive pushing exercises. Other patients do not make efforts to speak louder even when they are encouraged. Additionally it is uncomfortable to listen to a continuous 90-dB SPL white noise during voice therapy applying the masking method.
However, patients were able to receive the new treatment easily. The voice intensity of the patients increased with the weighted noise. Since 55-dB weighted noise was less uncomfortable than 90-dB SPL white noise, patients could undergo 15-minute treatments repeatedly.
Here, the method of this new voice treatment is described and its effects are evaluated.View full abstractDownload PDF (987K) -
Noriko Haruhara, Akira Uno, Masato Kaneko, Makiko Kaga2002 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 290-294
Published: July 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe trained a young girl who had disorders of auditory verbal memory, visual cognition and construction. We compared three methods of learning for writing words in English. The first was that usually taught (visual method) . The second method consisted of memorizing the spelling of a word while listening to it being spelled without seeing the word (auditory method) . The third method involved a combination of those two methods. Although the girl's writing improved over the baseline through the application of each of the three methods, the third method was associated with a significantly higher score than either of the other two methods. In the case of a patient having difficulty only in one route of informational processing, we can choose either of two methods : one involving training of the disabled ability itself, and the other making use of preserved ability as a bypass route for the disabled ability. But for our case entailing complex disorders, a combination of these methods is deemed effective.View full abstractDownload PDF (533K) -
Masato Kaneko, Akira Uno, Noriko Haruhara, Makiko Kaga, Masayuki Sasak ...2002 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 295-301
Published: July 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied eye movement patterns in two developmental dyslexics (the ages of 12 years and 8 years) and eight normal children (mean age of 9.8 years) .
We recorded eye movements in the process of reading kana words and kana non-words by the non-contact type recording measurement device.
The response time from the gaze point on the computer display to reading onset time was significantly prolonged in the dyslexic children in comparison with the controls.
Also, the dyslexic subjects displayed a significantly amount of regression and letter by letter reading patterns in response to stimuli from both words and non-words.
These results suppose that it is difficult to capture the multiple whole words in reading process among dyslexic children.View full abstractDownload PDF (833K) -
—Difference from Speakers with Operated Cleft Palate with Velopharyngeal Incompetence—Kanji Nohara, Takashi Tachimura, Takeshi Wada2002 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 302-307
Published: July 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to examine whether fatigue of the levator veli palatini muscle (LVP) in normal speakers might be induced during blowing, as shown in our previous study for speakers with operated cleft palate with velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) . Five normal speakers were used as subjects. Each subject was asked to blow at maximum intensity for more than 10 seconds. Electromyogram (EMG) of the LVP and oral air pressure were recorded. EMG signals were sampled at 2000 Hz for 10 seconds from the timing when the oral air pressure curve stabilized on the monitor. Mean power frequency (MPF) was obtained using power spectral analysis with an analytic window of 0.5 second width. Single linear regression analysis revealed that there was no significant correlation between the MPF of an LVP EMG and the time progress of sustained blowing.These findings indicate that the LVP in normal speakers shows no fatigue signs in one blowing at maximum intensity. Our previous study and this study suggest that the LVP in speakers with operated cleft palate with VPI is more fatigable than that in normal speakers.View full abstractDownload PDF (723K) -
Sawako Saito2002 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 308-315
Published: July 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSyntactic ability is one important aspect of language development. But in Japan, only few researches have investigated syntactic development in normally developing children. To obtain data on syntax and narrative skills in normally developing children, three picture description tasks were administered to 140 normal subjects aged 3 : 6 to 6 11.
The results suggested that normally developing children aged 3 : 6 to 6 : 11 express from 2 to 5 Jiritugo (words without grammatical morphemes: used as an index of length) per 1 T-unit (clause) . By the age of 4 : 6, they attach grammatical morphemes to almost all Jiritugo. Only 14% of children made errors with respect to the grammatical morphemes. By the age of 6, the children were able to express a story using pictures appropriately.
Although data on syntax and narratives was obtainable from the picture description tasks, results differed according to the pictures used. These findings suggest that picture type should be carefully selected.View full abstractDownload PDF (970K) -
Masako Abe2002 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 316-324
Published: July 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to discern the clinical features of articulation disorders, the author reviewed the clinical records of patients who visited the Outpatient Speech Clinic of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tokyo University Hospital, during a 10-year period, 1991-2000. Through this review, the difficulties of diagnosis and articulation training were recognized. Patients exhibited multiple “abnormal articulation” and visited many hospitals and clinics before their articulation disorders were diagnosed and treated.
As an educational report, the author explains the diagnosis and articulation training of “abnormal articulation”.View full abstractDownload PDF (6282K) -
[in Japanese]2002 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 325-326
Published: July 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (181K) -
Isami Kumakura2002 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 327-330
Published: July 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral Japanese studies on articulation disorders and rehabilitation following head and neck cancer surgery were reviewed in order to discuss issues including the clinical features of articulation disorders and the objectives and methodology of training provided by speech therapists. We believe that improvements in articulation following head and neck cancer surgery, i.e., plasticity of articulation disorders, can be explained as follows. (1) Appropriate reconstructive surgery fills deficits created by resection as far as possible, without hindering the mobility of the unaffected side of the tongue. As swelling, motor paralysis, and sensory disturbance of the speech organs abate following surgical or radiation therapy, patients can regain the mobility, strength and speed required for articulation. (2) While deficit, deformation and cicatricial contracture of the speech organs remain, patients learn new articulation maneuvers (e.g., compensatory articulation) and communication methods based on intellectual ability and motivation. (3) When necessary, palatal augumentation prosthesis can be effectively utilized.View full abstractDownload PDF (476K) -
Yasutoshi Shirasaka2002 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 331-335
Published: July 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is very important to specify the underlying mechanisms of motor speech disorders when we consider its functional recovery. For the specification, it is crucial to understand properly the relationship between the motor dysfunction of each speech organ and the abnormality of the actual speech. It has not been easy, however, to grasp its relationship by using traditional evaluation systems of motor speech disorders.
In this symposium, I propose a new assessment method of motor speech disorders, in which, first, factors of articulatory movement necessary for each Japanese phoneme are specified, and then, the motor dysfunction will be evaluated by each of those factors. It is also shown that it is possible, by using this method, to evaluate the relationship between motor dysfunction of articulatory movement and motor dysfunction of each speech organ at the rough movement level. In addition, it is suggested that, to the problems of factors of articulatory movement reviled by this method, it is important to apply a training approach that considers the characteristics of different types of motor speech disorders.View full abstractDownload PDF (530K) -
Tomoyuki Kojima2002 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 336-343
Published: July 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, aphasia in adults was overviewed from two standpoints, i.e., intra-individual plasticity and inter-individual plasticity, on the basis of the author's clinical data. In reference to intra-individual plasticity, the relationships between brain lesions and disturbed subcomponents of language information processing and extent of recovery in right-handed aphasic patients with lesion in the left hemisphere were discussed. For interindividual plasticity, variations in the lateralization of higher brain functions between individuals were discussed. In this section, we reported not only on crossed aphasia and/or crossed non-aphasia in which whole language function shows anomalous lateralization, but also on phenomena in which specific language subcomponents could be lateralized independently in either hemisphere, and the relationships between these phenomena and handedness were discussed. Finally, we stressed that for patients with anomalous language lateralization, research into lateralization of other higher brain functions, i.e., praxis, directional attention, spacial cognition and construction are essential.View full abstractDownload PDF (3788K) -
—Paralinguistic Factors Associated with Speech Production—Sumio Tsuzuki2002 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 344-349
Published: July 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI think that negative emotional reaction for episodic memory from childhood is related to the aggravation factor for adult stutterers. Thirty-nine chronic stutterers (12-68 years old) were treated with mental rehearsal built in systematic desensitization. I set up seven phases of evaluation standards about fear to daily utterance scenes and speech behavior. Each stutterer evaluated fear and speech behavior by him- or herself. After treatment, thirty-six percent (36%) of all cases improved fear and speech behavior to the level that they were not bothered by stuttering in daily life. They put out awareness as a stutterer. Thirty-eight percent (38%) of all cases improved stuttering, but weak fear and utterance symptoms occurred in daily life. The rest (26%) did not show definite improvement. Treatment consequences showed following two points. 1) The decrease of negative emotional reaction for episodic memory was related to the improvement of stuttering. 2) We can expect the improvement with constant rate to the level that stutters were not bothered in daily life scenes by chronic developmental stuttering.View full abstractDownload PDF (656K)
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