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Volume 32 (1991)
- Issue 4 Pages 343-
- Issue 3 Pages 255-
- Issue 2 Pages 170-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 32, Issue 3
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Koichi Omori, Hisayoshi Kojima, Shuji Fujita, Mitsuharu Nonomura1991 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 255-260
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe maximum entropy method (MEM), by Burg, provides useful means in the spectral analysis of, in particular, short-length or low-frequency data. We used this method to perform spectral analysis of hoarse voices and compared the results with those produced using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method.
There was no difference between the two methods in analysis of normal or breathy voices. However, in analysis of rough voices which are often observed in cases of laryngeal polyp or polypoid degeneration, MEM supplied far greater spectral resolution than FFT. Also, periodic peaks with 30Hz-50Hz intervals, which are supposed to be characteristic of rough voices, were detected more clearly by MEM. These periodic peaks were also detected in esophageal voices.
From the foregoing results, it is concluded that MEM is very useful for spectral analysis of rough voices in particular and also has potential to serve as an excellent method for analysis of other types of hoarse voices.View full abstractDownload PDF (823K) -
-Consideration of Verbal and Non-Verbal Disorders-Yoshiko Hashimoto, Mitsuko Shindo, Kimitaka Kaga, Sadayasu Akai1991 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 261-268
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA case exhibiting learning disorder is reported. The patient showed the symptoms after repeated surgery, which was performed four times between the ages of one and twelve, for a brain tumor extending to the left frontal, temporal and parietal lobes. Although the responsible lesion in the left hemisphere was extensive and included the language center, the patient acquired the ability to speak not only Japanese but also English. However, he exhibited a verbal disorder on syntactic, reading and writing tasks. On the other hand, he exhibited a severe non-verbal disorder on visual perception and organization tasks. His WISC-R test showed a great discrepancy between VIQ (74) and PIQ (36) .
The learning disorder observed in this case was thought to be caused by both the verbal and non-verbal disorders. The patient made a great effort to study, but little improvement was achieved.
The discrepancy between his non-verbal disorder and the verbal one might be due to the dominance of verbal over non-verbal development in both hemispheres after the damage which occurred in relatively early childhood.View full abstractDownload PDF (2786K) -
Motonobu Itoh1991 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 269-279
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper reports the effectiveness of intensive articulation therapy used on a high school student displaying mild to moderate articulation disorders which originated in his infancy.
The subject made significant improvement in his articulation in a very short period of time. This result suggests the possibility that appropriate therapeutic intervention has the potential to bring an end to long-enduring habits of defective articulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1047K) -
Yoko Fukusako, Hisako Monoi, Hajime Hirose1991 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 280-290
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA retrospective study was made into the recovery course of auditory comprehension deficits of 206 aphasic patients. The type of aphasia as well as the recovery rate were determined using the Test for Differential Diagnosis of Aphasia (The Roken Test) . Results were as follows : (1) The recovery patterns of patients varied depending on the clinical type of aphasia. A close relationship between recovery rate and age was found in Wernicke's aphasia and conduction aphasia. (2) The relationship between the recovery rate of auditory comprehension deficits and that of oral expression deficits differed according to aphasia type and age.View full abstractDownload PDF (1392K) -
Eiko Hirota, Yoshisato Tanaka1991 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 291-298
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPostgraduate training systems for speech therapists and teachers of hearing-impaired preschoolers were investigated by questionnaire. The relationships between training programs and careers were studied for 65 speech therapists who were trained in our clinic. The differences between training systems at special schools for the deaf and those at daycare institutions were studied in 114 institutions nationwide. The results were as follow.
1) Postgraduate training was requested by teachers and speech therapists who had received professional education. 2) Refresher training programs were required by subjects after three years of work experience, as well as by new appointees. 3) Training programs in the basic skills of special education for the hearing-impaired were needed by new appointees. Also, training programs on an individual basis were requested in areas such as hearing aid fitting and evaluation of developmental stages ; treatment of double handicaps was included in the period of refresher training. 4) Insufficient training programs conducted in too short periods were sometimes noticed.
Based on these findings, it is seen to be necessary for teachers and speech therapists to be trained at the postgraduate level in order to improve their teaching skills.View full abstractDownload PDF (1138K) -
Noriko Ainoda, Masako Abe, Keiko Okazaki1991 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 299-307
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study was to auditorily analyze the articulation of cleft palate patients with severe velopharyngeal insufficiency.
METHODS : The subjects were 148 cleft palate patients (54 pre- and 94 post-palatal surgery) who were diagnosed as having severe VP insufficiency. They included 24 bilateral and 51 unilateral complete clefts, 46 isolated clefts and 27 typical submucous clefts. The median age was 19.0 years (Q16.0) . No subject had a history of either hearing impairment or wearing of a speech appliance. None of them had been given speech training. They had normal intelligence, normal hearing, normal lingual motor function and palates without fistulae.
Each subject's articulation under imitation was evaluated auditorily in 38 single conso-nant-vowel syllables which were composed of 12 kinds of pressure consonants and 5 kinds of vowels.The examiners, three authors, had at least 20 years of experience working with cleft palate patients and their reliability of judgement was consistently high.
RESULTS : 1) All types of consonants were judged abnormal ; 68.0% were judged as distorted consonants (so-called weak consonants) and 26.8% as glottal stops. 2) Incidences of these distorted consonants and glottal stops were influenced by the phonetic characteris-tics of the target consonants. 3) The subjects were classified into 3 groups according to the results of the articulation test : the first group in which the subjects showed only distorted consonants, the second group showing glottal stops only, and the third group showing more than two types of articulation disorder.
We discussed three points : articulation disorders in individuals with velopharyngeal insufficiency, classification of such individuals according to their articulatory errors and compensatory articulation in cleft palate patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (1017K) -
Yoko Fukusako, Hisako Monoi, Kyoko Endo1991 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 308-317
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study aimed at examining the immediate and long-term effects of the mora-by-mora method with finger-counting gestures for the treatment of dysarthric patients. In this method, patients with spastic dysarthria are asked to utter each mora together with finger-counting gestures so that an individual mora is produced deliberately and separately and morae are not elided. Five spastic dysarthric patients with a history of cerebrovascular accident were enrolled in individual speech training using this method for 3 to 3.5 months and their speech was evaluated perceptually. The results were as follows:
1. Improvement in perceptual score was obtained for “severity of dysarthria” (sum of scale values for Bizarrenes and Intelligibility) in all five patients.The dimensions showing significant improvement (decrease in scale value of more than 0.5) were: Distorted vowels, Imprecise consonants, Nasal emission, Hypernasality, Bizarreness, Intelligibility, etc. By contrast, deterioration (increase in scale value of more than 0.5) was noted for the dimensions of Prolonged intervals and Rate-slow.
2. At 6 to 36 months after the termination of training, no change was observed in severity in 3 patients out of the 5, while deterioration was seen in the remaining 2.View full abstractDownload PDF (1201K) -
Satoko Imai, Ken-ichi Michi, Yukari Yamashita, Noriko Suzuki1991 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 318-332
Published: July 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSArticulatory movement of 10 patients reconstructed with a forearm flap after glossectomy was investigated as compared with 9 patients glossectomized with direct suture using electropalatography (EPG) .
Results were as follows.
1. For both /t/ and /s/ sounds, the linguapalatal contacts produced by the subjects reconstructed with a forearm flap were observed not only in the intact side, but also in the resected side, especially in the posterior portion of the hard palate.
2. For the /t/ sound, the cases which showed complete constriction along the dental arch indicated higher speech intelligibility. These patterns were observed more frequently in those reconstructed with a forearm flap than in those with direct suture.
3. For the /s/ sound, EPG patterns with the groove in the anterior portion of the palate were found in only a few cases in both surgical methods.However, even those cases which showed EPG patterns extremely deviated from normal were able to produce sounds which had higher speech intelligibility.
4. In respect of the change in the number of contacts with time, the cross type in which the onset and end of the contact on the resected side are later than those on the healthy side was characteristic for reconstruction with a forearm flap. On the other hand, the analogue and semicontacted types were observed more frequently in cases with direct suture.
5. From these results, it was concluded that though the reconstructed tongue with a forearm flap had no mobility by itself, it could contribute to articulation by cooperating with residual tongue tissue.View full abstractDownload PDF (1826K)
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