This study endeavors to show a pattern difference revealed in expressions using degree adverbs between Japanese and Korean languages. This pattern difference indicates that the expressions using degree adverbs in Japanese don't exactly match those of Korean even if the words have linguistically the same meanings. The non-matching expressions of the two languages can be observed when Koreans learn Japanese. It should be studied whether Koreans correctly understand the way in which Japanese intend to express patterns containing degree adverbs. Designed to attain objectivity in the research process, this study attempted to quantify expressions using degree adverbs. Among the psychological expressions containing degree adverbs, only those indicating certainty levels were quantified. In accordance with Makoto Takeya's research method stressing quantification of the degree adverbs (1992), average measurements were correspondingly marked on a scale. The two ends of the scale were numbered 0 and 100, respectively. The magnitude of each degree adverb calculated was marked-in somewhere between the two ends. The subjects were directly asked to measure the magnitudes of the words concerned. Each item was arranged by the size order and then tested by Semantic Structure Analysis. Semantic Structure Analysis makes it possible to interpret what each item means. Results from the analysis indicated the different psychological aspects found in the expressions of the two languages.

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The purpose of this study is to throw light on the actuality of media equipment use capacity in Japanese children by investigating as well as examining measures to improve this capacity. Subjects were 502 fifth graders and 507 eighth graders in Tokyo. The investigation was carried out during school hours by class teachers and the items for investigation were : usage rate of media equipment, a comprehensive faculty test on media equipment, and investigation of media use capacity. First, investigation items for media use capacity were examined from the points of response rate, discriminate power and internal consistency. Forty items composing a criteria of media use capacity were developed in the end. With these criteria, the requirement to always try improving the family environment in which children are able to take interests in media equipment and increase their media use capacity was indicated. As examples for this, increasing the amount of media equipment in the home or parental instruction on the use of personal computers to children were adopted.

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Effectiveness of a CD-ROM based English dictionary was compared with conventional printed dictionary for learning a set of English words Learners were asked to learn each English word in two ways, by consulting either a CD-ROM based dictionary on a PC (case 1) or a printed dictionary (case 2). Two separate types of translation test〓 were conducted for the words learned, i. e., translation of English to Japanese and vice versa. Learning time and answering time were recorded and analyzed as well as test scores. In the results, the test scores of case 1 (using a CD-ROM based dictionary) were apparently higher than those of case 2 (learners using a printed dictionary), when they were allowed to freely search each word within the limited time period. However, when they were allowed to search each word only once, no significant difference was observed on the test scores between the two cases, while the time needed for memorizing the word in the case of using a CD-ROM based dictionary was longer than that of using a printed dictionary. Five factors were extracted by factor analysis from 40 items on a questionnaire, and were named, "memory", "ease of study", "operation", "continuance", and "visibility". A significant correlation between the factor score of "memory" and achievement score was found.

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The purpose of this study is to examine factors that influence writing abilities for comprehensible expository texts. It is important for writing these types of texts both to have enough prior knowledge about the topic and to know the learner's levels of knowledge. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between them. In the preliminary experiment, to select valid criteria for evaluating the comprehensibility of expository texts, procedural and declarative texts were evaluated in terms of their comprehensibility by 38 students. As results, four evaluating items were selected. In the main experiment, 28 students were first asked to write expository texts about "How to play tennis". Half of the students were experienced in tennis (E-group) and the other students were novice (N-group). E-group subjects were asked questions from a novice about content of the texts written by themselves. Then, they rewrote the texts. After a second writing session, another 20 students were asked to evaluate the comprehensibility of the whole 42 texts. Results were as follows : E-group's first writings lacked some important rules for playing tennis, and the levels of comprehensibility were lower than the N-group's. But E group's second writings were improved in the respects of important rules and comprehensibility. All these things made it clear that experience in knowing levels of knowledge about readers were effective ways to improve writer skill.

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This paper presents an analyzing method by structural description and morphologic characteristics of elements in audiovisual materials. Three TV programs were used from the University of the Air lecture series. For each program, audiovisual information was divided into image and sound. A categorized system was developed which separately classified information by structural elements and presentation techniques. Whole and partial characteristics can be compared by using relative appearance time, average continuity time and time domain transition charts. In addition, the whole tendency was analyzed with a state transition chart, as state transition of information elements can be shown clearly by converted categories to state patterns with weight of presentation functions. For preparation of media complexity scale, state patterns were scored to get multiplicity for function of audiovisual information. As a result of analyzing the structural description and state transition charts, a different characteristic classification of material structure was shown from shot analysis.

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