The main purpose of the present study was to develop the rating scales for instruction as seen through the eyes of the pupils and make a diagnosis of each classroom instruction by using the scales. The research was conducted twice (in June and October) to rate the science class. The main results were as follows : (1) We developed two rating scales for teachers' teaching behavior in which the first scale asked the pupils to rate the teacher as he taught them how to learn, the second scale as he considered them. (2) We developed four rating scales for pupils' learing behavior in which one scale asked the pupils to rate their own speaking behavior during instruction. (3) We developed three rating scales for learning group atmosphere in which one scale asked the pupils to rate the active and light aspect of classroom atmosphere. (4) Each scale had considerably high reliability and validity. (5) We conducted the case study about two characteristic classes named "Best Type" and "Declining Type." As the result, we could get some significant data supporting the pupils' ratings.