A method providing rather simple and comparatively accurate measurements by using a tape recorder and a noise meter for measuring four state sojourn types (teacher utterances, student utterances, silence, and multiple utterances) was developed. The obtained teaching/learning process data were applied to a stochastic process model and the distribution of the state sojourn times and state transition process are described graphically. This process revealed a number of characteristics which normally cannot be located using only total frequencies, mean times, etc. The report visually presents the frequencies of the transitions between the various states as well as the frequency of occurrence of each state over time through use of state transition charts and trisected state frequency graphs. The author also considers the problem of the intervals between teachers' utterances during instruction. Using these techniques, it was possible to express the teaching/learning process in detail, both objectively and quantitatively, and it was found to be an effective means for grasping common trends and difference between sets of data and to study the reallife instructional process.

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Audiovisual materials, particularly videotaped materials, have become very common in recent years. At the same time the quantity of videotapes related to educational research has also grown rapidly, This is especially true in educational research centers, such as the one where the authors teach, where more and more videotaped instructional materials and records are constantly flowing in. An attempt was therefore made at developing a videotape library and educational equipment information management system which would not only make correct management of videotapes and educational equipment possible but would also create an environment which would make utilization easier. At the time of this report the system had been put into operation. The scope of the videotape library is also being expanded and the database further developed.

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This is a report on an attempttoinvestigate how accurately primary school children are able to pro-cess audiovisual information. The 16 mm film, "Nobara," (original story by Mimei Ogawa) was used in the experiment. It was shown to 102 second through sixth grade primary school children. The children were then given a film literacy test. Results showed the followings : 1. Even children in the higher grades had con-siderable difficulty in correctly understanding the plot of the story. 2. Children in the lower grades were able to understand individual scenes as well as the characters' emotions and feelings without much trouble. However their level of recognition was significantly lower for those scenes which involved special film techniques. 3. Overall, the results suggestthat children show a rapid improvement in their ability to understand films when they are in the third and/or fourth grades.

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This paper proposes a method for measuring individual student learning progress rates and incorporating the results into the students' end of semester grades. A learning progress score is obtaining by multiplying the slope of the regression line for the standards scores of the tests by m × (the number of tests) wherein m is any integer. The result is clearly unrelated to the number of tests used and is normally within a well-defined range. Its correlation with the average of the annual total marks for each student is near zero. The author uses a number of examples to show that each student's end of semester grade, which is the total of his or her raw score plus his or her learning progress score, is usually less than 100 points.

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