Textile fabric generally possesses porous surface structure that introduces more ink spread and penetration leading to less printing and color qualities. With different textile surfaces, printing ink has to be compatible with both physical and chemical parameters. Among so many printing processes for textile printing, inkjet printing is gradually taking places of the conventional screen printing process. Likewise, ink chemistry plays an important role in governing printing qualities. Textile surface pretreatment both physically and chemically can improve better textile printed qualities, color reproduction and product performances. This article describes briefly the types of textile fabrics, their surface chemistry, their surface modification, inkjet ink requirement and ink-textile fabric interaction to produce an acceptable printed quality. A brief summary of research activities and commercial trend of textile-inkjet printing in Thailand is given and discussed.

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Graphic communication is defined as visual presentation or rendering of information or contents intended by human being for communication. The most primitive form of graphic communication can be traced to early times when ancient Chinese put text-⁄word-like symbols on potteries. Hand writing or engraving on suitable substrate like pottery, animal bone and bamboo strip started and maintained the history of written communication and the advent of engraved printing process in ancient China induced the transition of written communication to printed communication. Printed communication has dominated massive communication market over the past thousands of years, but is now facing severe changes brought about by internet- and display-based communication, which is built on completely different paradigm and has even caused concerns about the future of printed communication. This paper gives a historical review on the evolution of graphic communication and outlooks its future trends

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The printed electronics (PE) become a key enabling technology for fabricating electronic circuits and systems with significantly low cost and therefore emerge as a disruptive technology, with rapid market growth expected in near future. Korean companies and research organizations recognize the importance and market potential of the printing technology, especially in the semiconductor and display industries that are vital growth engines of Korean economy. Thus, the printed electronics become a rapidly growing research area in Korea. Here, I will present an overview of research, development, and commercialization of PE technologies in Korea. And I will address the challenges and opportunities facing the Korean PE industry and introduce major R&D programs to advance the PE technology.

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The world-wide competition in nanotechnology research has now reached a stage where process technologies, especially self-assembling and printing technologies with better productivity are required rather than poorly reproducible champion data. We have been achieving remarkable results about optoelectronic molecules, conducting polymers, nano-particles, carbon nanotubes, and soft materials, all of which with nanometer size and excellent individual functions. At present, we focus on utilizing these functions in micrometer to millimeter-sized (mesoscopic) assemblies, which can work as realistic interfaces between the nano and real world. Specifically, highly-functional, high-performance and industrially feasible devices such as sensors, memories, and displays are created by the atomic, molecular and mesoscopic level control of structures and properties. Among them, two topics are presented, which are concerned with entirely printed organic thin-film-transistor (TFT) array on plastic substrate by microcontact printing and flexible electrochromic display panel by using nanoparticle ink.

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This article is to state the history and current status of Taiwan's printing industry. The investigation faces include the development history of Taiwan's printing industry, current network digital printing, cross field printing, export market development, the development of MIT (made in Taiwan) printing equipments and materials, how to face the changes of economic and trade liberalization. And how the Printing Technology Research Institute plays a role in the process of promoting the industrial to upgrade?

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Indonesian printing industries are an important national economic agent due to the big turnover value per year and employed very much labors, but the technology used mostly manual and conventional. These industries are supported by paper industries as suppliers of main raw materials for printing. Indonesian paper industries in the contrary to the printing industries are the big one. But these industries are not built based on the research, and there are not regular research activities, except for the very big paper industries. Center for Pulp and Paper tries to cover the lack of research activities in the industries which the topics range from raw materials up to the products.

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We demonstrated fully printed organic thin-film-transistor (TFT). Offset based printing enables high resolution printing on a large area using silver nanoparticle ink. TFT with a short channel length below 10 μm was successfully obtained. The printed organic TFT exhibited the mobility and on⁄off ratio of 0.4 cm²⁄Vs and 1.1×10⁹, respectively. These technologies can be successfully applied to demonstrate 11 inch VGA flexible active-matrix display.

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A proofreading error in medical equipment manuals could pose a serious threat to a patient's life. A bank's reputation and people's confidence in a back could be shattered due to a proofreading error in the amount of money on bank documents. Proofreading errors can also result in accidents in the industrial world. Therefore, proofreading is a very important process. However, it is difficult to ensure perfect, error-free proofreading. If the number of proofreading repetitions can be decreased, printing companies and their clients can save in terms of both time and cost. This study aims to develop a proofreading process that is effective in terms of both time and cost while maintain a high level of output quality. In this study, we used data obtained by monitoring the proofreading procedure in a certain life insurance company. This paper states the frequency of finding errors in each proofreading repetition, and the optimum number of proofreading repetitions.

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A fundamental study was conducted to analyze the requirements for appropriately reproducing the appearance of gold leaf on print without metallic inks in cases where accurate colorimetric matching is not possible because of the large difference in the luminance range. Based on the pixel-wise bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs) and surface normals of a gold leaf sample (a sheet of gold leaf pasted on a sheet of Japanese paper) , a wide variety of print reproductions under different geometric conditions of image rendering and luminance compression were created using computer graphics. A visual experiment was carried out where the observers evaluated the reproducibility of the appearance of the original gold leaf sample on the prints. The results of this visual experiment show that the requirements possibly include the following: (1) spatial change in brightness (or lightness) in the gold leaf region should be apparent through control over geometric conditions for image rendering, (2) the brightest area in the gold leaf may not necessarily be as bright as the print gamut, and (3) the darkest area in the gold leaf should be sufficiently dark when compared with the brightest area.

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