Thermal decomposition of coprecipitated Fe-Al hydroxides has been studied with reference to precipitating conditions by means of X-ray diffraction, magnetic analyses, DTA and TGA. Is is shown that an increase in Al content restrains the crystallization of the amorphous phase to hematite or corundum. The decomposition behavior depends on the degree of dispersion of Fe and Al ions. Thus, well-dispersed coprecipitates yielded an intermediate phase X on heating, whose structure has not been known so far. Poor dispersion of Fe and Al ions, on the other hand, resulted in the occurrence of r-Al₂O₃, as an intermediate phase after crystallization, finally leading to the corundum phase. Although a variety of precipitants were found to exert little influence on the dispersion of Fe and Al ions, both oxidation of (Fe³⁺-Al³⁺) precipitates and ageing of (Fe²⁺-Al³⁺) precipitates were found to promote the segregation of Fe and Al ions. Discussion on the formation of the unknown phase X has been made.

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Characteristics and catalysis of a cation-exchanging carbon formed by oxidation of carbon with hot nitric acid were investigated in connection with, it's surface acidic groups.
The surface acidic groups on carbon, consisting of strongly and weakly acidic groups, decrease with increasing calcination temperature. The activities of carbon catalysts for dehydration of isopropyl alcohol diminish with decreasing surface acidic groups. It was suggests that the active sites of dehydration on carbon catalysts are the surface acidic, especially strongly acidic groups. As a result of the study on the cation-exchange capacity, it was found that strongly acidic group is alone exchanged by nickel ion. The nickel catalysts supported on the carbon, prepared by the cation-exchange method, exhibit low activity for dehydration but high activity for dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol.

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The coloring efficiency of a photochromic benzospiran (1', 3'-dihydro-1', 3', 3'-trimethy1-6nitrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2, 2'-[2H]indole] species (A)) in polystyrene matrix was studied in terms of the initial rate of coloration by photoirradiation (365 nm: UV) and electron bombardment (7 kV) at a low temperature (-30°C) under the pressure of 10^-5 Torr.
On photoirradiation, [A] in polystyrene which was colorless turned to magenta (species [B])and it returned reversibly to [A] by a thermal reaction. On the other hand, by electron bombardment of [A], in addition to [B] another colored species which had a longer life time was formed by a reaction between [B] and component of matrix. Thus the measured absor bance of [B] was greatly influenced by side reactions. Therefore, the values obtained by the extrapolation of [B] divided by exposed time to zero time were considered to be the rate at the inital stage of reaction. The molecular extinction coefficient (ε_max) of [B] in the sample was estimated by that in a non-polar solvent. The influence of matrix was calibrated by the change of e of [A] at 350 nm as a function of [A] contents in the sample. The initial quantum yield (φ) was caluculated by applying the Lambert-Beer rule.
The ε_max. of [B] φ and were influennced by contents of [A] in the sample. The value of φ for photoreaction (φ_p) changed from 0.94 ([A]: 10 wt %) to 0.29 (80 wt %). The yield per a bombarded electron (φ_e) was over a hundred times that of photon. The electron shows different behavior to reactant from the case of photon. The reaction of electron takes place in all of the components of sample and involves various complicated processes. Thus φ_e is more affected by bombarding conditions than φ_p. On the contrary, G value (number of product per 100 eV) is of more practical importance. The measured G value of the formation of [B] changed from 1.44 for 10 wt % sample to 0.52 for 80 wt % one, as in the case of φ_p.

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It was previously reported that a small amount of electrodeposited zinc on the photocon ductive zinc oxide-resin layer reduces 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) and phospho molybdic acid (PMo) to 1, 3, 5-triphenylformazan red (TF) and molybdenum blue (MoBlue), respectively. Effects of various factors on the efficiency of the system have been investigated in the present work. The factors studied are kind of electrolyte, it's concentration, the bath voltage, solution temperature, the quantity of electricity and the amount of electrodeposited zinc.
An aqueous solution of 10^-2 mol/l zinc acetate is suitable as the electrolyte. The optimum temperature and bath voltage for electrolysis are 20°C and about 20 V, respectively. The amount of deposited zinc is proportional to the quantity of electricity, and the efficiency is 77% at 10°C. It is estimated from the electricity-exposure relationship that photoconduction of zinc oxide obeys the reciprocity law in the range between 10² and 10⁴ lux sec.

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System of (NH₄SO₃)₂NH-(NaSO₃)₂NH-H₂O: Diammonium imidobis(sulfate) [ (NH₄SO₃)₂NH]and disodium imidobis (sulfate) [(NaSO₃)₂NH] forms a double salt (NH₄SO₃)₂NH at 30°C and the double salt dissolves congruently in water not less than 12.5°C(solubility: 20°C 85.7, 40°C 100.4, 70°C 128.2 g/100 g H₂O), while it dissolves incongruently in water less than 12.5°C. The X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the double salt, NH₄Na(SO₃)₂NH, is also given.
System of (NH₄SO₃)₂NH-(KSO₃)₂NH-H₂O: Solid solution which belong to Type I of Roozeboom's classification is formed, the composition of solid solution continuously variin g with that of saturated aqueous solution and proportion of diammonium imidobis (sulfate) in dissolved salts being always greater than that in solid solution.

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The solubility of sodium chromate and sodium aluminate in sodium hydroxide solution at 80°C, was determined in connection with the separation process of sodium chromate and sodium aluminate from the reaction product of chromite with molten sodium salts.
In the Na₂CrO₄-NaAlO₂-NaOH-H₂O system, it has been found that the solu bility of sodium chromate decreased along a smooth curve with the increase of sodium hydroxide concentration, and that the solubility of sodium aluminate increased sharply to the maximum point at the sodium hydroxide concentration: ca.34%, and then decreased markedly, with the increase of sodium hydroxide concentration. Solid phases were Na₂CrO₄, Al₂O₃ ⋅n H₂O, NaAlO₂⋅ n H₂O and 4 Na₂O⋅CrO₃. Al₂O₃⋅n H₂O.
New solid phase, 4 Na₂O⋅CrO₃⋅Al₂O₃⋅n H₂O, was recognized as a double salt composed of Na₂CrO₄ and 3 N ₂O⋅Al₂O₃⋅n H₂O. Studies on Manufacturing Process of Sodium Chromate. V.

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Alumina component was insolubilized and removed selectively from the water-leached solution of reaction product of chromite with molten sodium salts by the addition of silica-containing materials to the leached solution.
Optimum conditions to insolubilize alumina component in the leached solution was proposed after experimental results as follows;
I. Added material: silicic acids ( amorphous form), amount added: molar ratio (SiO₂/Al₂O₃)= 2, reaction temperature: 100°C, reaction time: 1-2 hrs.
II. Added material: calcium silicate (amorphous mo nocalcium silicate), amonut added: molar ratio (SiO₂/Al₂O₃) ≥ 1.3, reaction temperature: 120°C, reaction time: ca.2 hrs.
Under these conditions, silica-containing materials were reacted with m ost of the alumina component in the leached solution to form zeolites.
On the basis of experimental results, a process for the production of sodium chromate from chromite was proposed.

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Reactions between phosphoryl triamide and CdX₂ (X= Cl, Br, I) were studied mainly in aqueous solutions.
Cd {PO (NH₂)₃}Cl₂ [1] was obtained by adding acetone immediately after the preparation of CdCl₂ and PO(NH₂)₃ mixture with a P/Cd atomic ratio of 1.0 at room temperature. But in prolonged reaction time (-96 hr) and elevated temperature (-60°C), PO(NH₂)₃ was hydrolyzed to precipitate mainly monoamidophosphate, CdPO₃ NH₂ ⋅ xH₂O, via diamidophosphate.
By the reaction with CdBr₂, a new complex Cd{PO(NH₂)₃} Br₂ [2] was obtained as preci pitate with a P/Cd atomic ratio of 1.0 for half an hour at room temperature. Furthermore, the solid mixtures of 1: 1 molar ratio of PO(NH₂)₃ and CdX₂ (X=CI, Br, I) were wetted with a small amount of water, mixed thoroughly, and then dried in a vacuum desiccator, to yield new complexes Cd{PO(NH₂)₃} X₂(X=Cl, Br, I) [3].
The X-ray diffraction pattern of the Br complex [3] is identical with [2] but that of the Cl complex [3] is entirely different from [1]. Their IR spectra suggest that all the complexes [1], [2], and [3] are 6-coordinate polynuclear complexes with halogen bridges, in which PO(NH₂)₃ is bound to the central Cd atom as a bidentate ligand through both the phosp horyl -O atom and the amide-N atom. The measurements of electric conductivity and the depression of freezing point of their dilute aqueous solutions reveal that these complexes dissociate into Cd(II) ion, halide ion, and PO(NH₂)₃.

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The effect of hydrogen fluoride as the additive to the reaction system on the formation of graphite fluoride has been studied by means of thermogravimetry, DTA and X-ray diffractometry.
Under the temperature range from room temperature to about 120°C, graphite is completely stable to both fluorine and gaseous hydrogen fluoride. However it reacts with the mixture of both gases and the intercalation compound of graphite, C_n(HF)_x, F_v, is formed (n≥4, 1≥x>y). This reaction is reversible and the formation rate is nearly proportional to the partial pressure of hydrogen fluoride.
The initiatio n temperature of fluorination of graphite by fluorine is about 350°C and is lower than the case without hydrogen fluoride. Different kind of product with the chemical form of C₄(HF)_x⋅F_v(x<y≤1) is formed below 420°C. It is stable on heating up to 410°C. Above 420°C, only graphite fluoride is formed, and the residue of hydrogen fluoride may be left as impurity in it. However, the graphite fluoride is decomposed at lower temperature than the decomposition temperature of that prepared in the absence of hydrogen fluoride.
The apparent activation energy is found to be 17 kcal/mol below 420°C and to be 38 kcal/mol above 420°C. The energy value of 38 kcal/mol is very close to that of the reaction between graphite and fluorine.
These experi mental results suggest that hydrogen fluoride does not have any effect as the catalyst on the formation of graphite fluoride but only complicates the mechanisum of reaction between graphite and fluorine.

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When the molten Li₂O-V₂O₅ system was reduced in the atmosphere of the H₂-Ar mixed gas at 750-800°C for 5-20 hrs, LiV₂O₅ needle crystals, frequentry reaching 10 mm long and above, were formed in the melt. The needle crystals were grown from the melt of three kinds of compositions i. e. Li₂O: V₂O₅=1: 2, 2: 3 and 1: 1 in mole ratio. The experimental condition to get larger needle crystal was proved as follows; Li₂O: V₂O₅=1: 1, flow rate of reducing gas; H₂(8 ml/min)-Ar(300 ml/mm), temperature; 750°C, duration; 5 hr. Needle crystal reaching O.2 x 1 x 25 mm in size were grown under above conditions.
Equilibrium oxygen partial pressure for the formation of LiV₂O₅ from the melt of 1: 1composition was measured by means of oxygen concentration cell composed stabilized ZrO₂ and the relation between the oxygen partial pressure and absolute temperature at 973-1123°K was revealed as follows; log Po₂= -11800/T+4.79 The temperature dependence of free energy for the formation of LiV₂O₅ was represented as a following equation, ΔG⁰=-54000+21.9 T (cal/mol)
By the back Laue diffraction technique, it was found that the growth direction of needle crystal was <010> and the largest face of the crystal occurred was (001).
The crystal showed a semiconductive property. Its electrical resis tivity along to <010> was 5 to 20 Ω ⋅cm at room temperature and its activation energy was about 0.30 eV at the tempera ture from -20 to 150°C.

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Method for the indirect determination of nitrate and nitrite ions by the nitration and nitro sa tion of diphenyl phosphite in acetonitrile has been studied. It was found that the diphenyl phosphite reacts quantitatively in acidic media with sodium nitrate and nitrite to give the mononitro and mononitroso-substitued substances respectively, and the nitrate and nitrite ions were determined indirectly through the determination of unreacted diphenyl -aminoantipyrine method. phosphite with the 4-aminoantipyrine method.
The relation between the absorbance corresponding to the amount of unrea cted diphenyl phosphite and the concentration of nitrate or nitrite ion was linear over the range of 20-80μg N0₃^-, and NO₂^-/10 ml. Among the disturbing substances examined, sulfuric, acetic, and h ydrochloric acids did not interfere with the determination when they were less than 660, 500, and 1600 times, respectively.
On the basis o f the fact that the required time for nitration of diphenyl phosphite is larger than for the nitrosation, and the nitration has the induction period as long as 110 min at 60°C and 30 min at 80°C, the consecutive determination of nitrate and nitrite ions have been developed.

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The electrochemical reduction of acridine in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), DMF cotaining 0-90 vol % water or Britton-Robinson buffer solution at a mercury electrode was inv estigated by voltammetry, controlled potential coulometry and spectroscopic methods.
A series of experimental data indicates the following mechanisms for the electrode reaction of acridine in DMF, DMF-water or buffer solution.
In aqueous solution, anomalous waves, due to adsorption phenomenon, prewave and positive tensammetric wave were observed.

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Isomerization and hydration of longifolene [1] by the action of equimolar mono-, di-, and trichloroacetic acids have been studied under anhydrous and/or aqueous conditions.
Longicamphene hydrate [3], longifenchyl alcohol [4], and longiborneol [5] were obtained as minor products along with isolongifolene [2], the major product. The conversion of C to these products was almost quantitative under selected conditions.

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The magnesium enolates; RC(OMgCl)=CH-CH₂-CH=CH₂ [R= C₆H₅(II) and R= (CH₃)₃ C(II')], readily available from vinylmagnesium chloride and the corresponding carboxylic acids, react as an ambident anion with various acid chlorides, anhydrides or esters to yield enol esters and 1, 3-diketones, respectively. This electrophilic acylation of the magnesium enolates provide a new preparative method of enol esters and 1, 3-diketones with the sufficient selectivity by employing the proper electrophilic reagents.

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The accelerating effect of oxygen for the generation of a zinc-bromocarbenoid reagent from diethylzinc and bromoform was utilized for benzene-ring enlargement reaction; 7-ethyltrop ili dene [1a] was obtained from benzene in a 58% yield. Toluene and cumene also gave the corresponding alkyl-substituted 7-ethyltropilidenes ([1b] and [1c]) in yields of 42 and 47%respectively, the isomer distributions of which were very similar to those resulted by the reaction of zinc-iodocarbenoid reagent from diethylzinc and iodoform.
From the relative amounts of the products formed it was estimated that cyclohexene and toluene were 3.1 and 1.6 times more reactive, respectively, than benzene toward the zinc bromocarbenoid reagent.
Chloro- and b romobenzene gave the halo-substituted 7-ethyltropilidenes ([1d] and [1e])in lower yields along with dehalogeno-alkylation products, 1-ethylpropylbenzene [2], propylbenzene [3], and trace amounts of toluene [4] (eq. ( 2 )). The reaction paths for the formation of the dehalogeno-alkylation products were discussed on the basis of the results of control reaction of benzylidene dibromide or benzyl chloride with diethylzinc.

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In order to see the reaction pathway of the hydrocracking of coal extracts in the presence of zinc chloride, the hydrocracking of anthracene was carried out as a model reaction.
In this reaction, various products, from methane to hydroanthracene, are for med; they were classified into six groups on the basis of the molecular structure of the products, i. e., tricyclic aromatics which are partially hydrogenated anthracenes, isomers of them, bicyclic aromatics which are alkylated and partially hydrogenated naphthalenes, alkylbenzenes, aliphatic hydrocar bons and hydrocarbon gases.
From the change in hydrocarbon products with progress of reaction, it was suggested that the pathway of the hydrocracking reaction of anthracene in the presence of zinc chloride may be

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It is of interest to investigate the effect of dilution during network formation on the mechanical behavior of poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) hydrogels. When the cowVnatetenrt wat1er in speoplayrmateersi zaatniodn a mmiixctruor-essy neirse tihcigh, eor patqhuaen suthbastt anicne thise feoqrumileidb. r iumT hes wseetxololcrieafn sggse, the and loss moduli of PHEMA gels and those with added salt were measured in terms of a l ongitudinal vibration method at frequencies 10^-2-10⁰ Hz, and at temperatures 0-50°C, keeping th e swelling equilibrium toward the corresponding solvent (wat er or salt solutions).
The complex compliances Jiti for the heterogeneous systems with V₁=60 and 70%, were successfully superposed by the use of the following equation where J₁* is the complex compliance of the homogeneous gels with V₁=-40%, V₁ is the volume fraction of the gel phase in the heterogeneous system, and a_w is a shift factor which describes the logarithmic time scale shift effect caused by the change in free volume in the matrix by the presence of water. For the system with V₁=50% and that with added salt, the effect of separate water in the system on the mechanical behavior could not be described by the above blending law.

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Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers containing 13.8 and 34.4 mol % of vinyl acetate unit (EVAc-13 and EVAc-34, respectively) were used throughout this work. The EVAc-13 and EVAc-34 membranes were prepared from toluene solutions of the respective starting materials by evapolating the solvent on a glass plate at room temperature. The hydrolyzed membranes (EVA1-13 f) were obtained by suspending the EVAc-13 membranes in a methanol solution of sodium methoxide for 20 hours at 20°C; they were perfectly hydrolyzed. The other perfectly hydrolyzed polymer (EVA1-34) was prepared by the hydrolysis of EVAc-34 in a methanol solution of sodium methoxide, and EVA1-34 membranes were prepared by casting from dimethyl sulfoxide solutions.
The amo unts of water sorbed by the EVA1-13 f and EVA1-34 membranes are more than those sorbed by the corresponding EVAc membranes. However, the permeability coefficients (P)and the diffusion coefficients (D) of water vapor in the EVA1-13 f and EVA1-34 membranes are much lower than those of the corresponding EVAc membranes. As increase in crystallinity of EVA1-13 f membranes due to hydrolysis was not found, the reduction of D in these membranes was ascribed to the changes of composition, namely to the immobility of polymer chains due to the formation of hydrogen bonding. However, in the case of EVA1-34membranes, the reduction of D was ascribed to the formation of the new crystal consisting of vinyl alcohol unit.
An apparatus was developed for studying the effect of water on oxygen permeation through the membrane. The permeability coefficients of oxygen determined by this apparatus, P_w, well agreed with those determined by the usual high vacuum method, P_g, for hydrophobic polymer membranes except polydimethylsiloxane. The effect of water on oxygen permeation was elucidated by the comparison of P_w with P_g. The values of P_w/P_g for poly (vinyl alcohol)membrane, cellophane, EVAc membrane, EVAl-13 f membrane and EVAl-34 membr ane are 3700, 2800, 1.4, 1.5 and O.17, respectively.

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The viscoelastic properties of aqueous gels of amylose, amylopectin, and their blends were investigated using three types of rheometers, which are able to cover more than 8 decades of frequency range.
The viscoe lastic behavior of aqueous gels of amylopectin can be explained by assuming reversible temporary cross-links with long relaxation times due to hydrogen bond and physical entanglements. Highly branched chains of amylopectin suppress the formation of three- dimensional networks and reduce the equilibrium elasticity of the gels.
On the other hand, amylose aggregates easily with each other. These aggregates are linked with other aggregates, and these cross-linked crystallites may contribute to the three-dimensional character of the network.
The slope of the logari thmic modulus vs. logarithmic concentration plot for amylose gels is as high as approximately 4.0, which corresponds to that for crystalline gels.
The maximum of retardation spectrum decreased with increasing conce ntration, irrespective of compositions in gels. With increasing concentration the maximum shifts to longer time for aqueous gels of amylopectin, whereas the maximum shifts markedly to shorter time for those of amylose-amylopectin blends. These phenomena were explained as follows: the presence of the amylose fraction restricts the relaxation mechanisms with longer relaxation times due to the relaxation of amylopectin fractions, which form highly branched chains but not three-dimensional networks.

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Some hydrocarbons having 1, 4-diene structure e. g., 1, 4-hexadiene (HD), were found to be effective moderators for adjusting the molecular weight in the polymerization of conjugated diene catalyzed by Alfin. The molecular weight adjusting effect of 1, 4-diene is not found in other polymerizations without using Alfin catalyst. The molecular weight of the polymer formed is adjusted by the amount of 1, 4-diene used and is almost unchanged throughout the polymerization.
The copolymerizations of butadiene with styrene or isoprene give random copolymers. After completion of the polymerization, almost all HD are recovered by distillation from the polymerization mixture and are effectively reused as a moderator for the polymerization.
The polymer obtained shows excellent mechanical properties, especia lly toward abrasion loss, than the usual rubbers.

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The quantitative evaluation of moderating effect of several 1, 4-dienes on molecular weight was done by determining the chain transfer constant for the polymerization of butadiene catalysed by Alfin. The order of the chain transfer constant is as follows, 1, 4-dihydrona phthalene (8.96 X 1O^-3) > 1, 4-pentadiene (2.32 x 10^-3) > 1, , elhexadiene (1.77 X 10^-3) > 3-methyl 1, 4-pentadiene (1.68 x 10^-3) >allylbenzene (1.26 x 10^-3) > 1, 4-cyclohexadiene (1.15 x 10^-3).
The same order is true for the copolymerization of butadiene with styrene, whereas the values of the chain transfer constant are larger than those for the homopolymerization of buta diene catalysed by Alfin.
By assuming the molecular weight of the resulting polymer to be controlled by the transfer of an active hydrogen in 1, 4-dienes the degrees of reactivity of 1, 4-dienes with Alfin catalyst were determined by measuring the amount of propylene evolved.
Furthermore, the values of activity of 1, 4-dienes were calculated according to the Streit wieser's method based on simple molecular orbital theory.
It was concluded that a suitable moderator is the one which does not react strongly with Alfin catalyst, does not retarded the re-initation of polymerization after hydrogen transfer and has the activity whose pK value is about 26-33.

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The polymerization of isoprene catalyzed by Ti(0Bu)₄-AlEt₃ or AlEt₂C1-Br₂ was studied. High cis-1, 4 polymers are obtained in excellent yield by using the catalyst formed by adding Ti(0Bu)₄ to the mixture obtained by the reaction of Br₂ with AlEt, or AlEt₂Cl. The optimum molar compositions are 1: 8 : 10 for Ti(OBu)₄-AlEt₃-Br₂ catalyst and 1 : 8 : 3.2 for Ti(0Bu)₄ AlEt₂Cl-Br₂ catalyst.
The obtained cis-1, 4 polymer by using the former catalyst has higher M_v, lower M_n and wider M_w/M/_n ratio than some commercial polyisoprene or the polymer previously obtained by using Ti(OBu)₄-AlEt₃-AlBr₃ catalyst.
The reaction of AlEt₃ with Br₂ affords C₂H₅Br and a part of AlEt₃ would convert to AlEt₂Br and AlEtBr₂, and the mixtures of these organoaluminum compounds would be effective for the complexing of Ti(OBu)₄.

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The reaction of fibrous cotton cellulose with 2, 4-diisocyanatotoluene (2, 4-DIT) has been studied to obtain the addition product of high nitrogen content.
Studies to elucidate the structure of the crosslinking, formed a mong the cellulose molecular chains, were also made. (DMF) reaction was carried out by heating a cotton linter with a N, N-dimethylformamide solution of 2, 4-DIT under nitrogen atmosphere.
The addition product of the highest nitrogen content (2.8 %) was obtained by heating a cotton linter (1.00 g) with 2, 4-DIT (9.66g, viz., 6 times of the theoretical amount) dissolved in DMF (50.0 ml) at 125°C for 2 hr unde r nitrogen atomosphere. The cry s tallininity of residual cellulose I, the insolubility due to ethylendiaminecopper(II)complex solution, and the infrared spectrum of the products were recorded in the course o f theT hteaction to make clear the structure of the addition reaction products.
e results showed that 2, 4-DIT is corosslinked by urethane bonds among the am orphous or the quasi-crystalline cellulose molertiarr chains.

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Water-soluble cationic polymers were prepared by the amination of poly( 3-chloro-2-hydroxy propyl methacrylate) (P (CHPM)) with triethylamine. To assess the flocculating action of these polymers, kaolin suspension was used. The flocculating ability was studied by measuring the concentration of supernatant suspension in terms of jar tests, the sedimentation rate and sedimented volume. CHPM (10 m /), dissolved in 10 ml isopropyl alcohol, was polymerized in nitrogen at 50°C for O.8 hours using AIBN (0.2 w/v %) as an initiator. The polymer obtained is soluble in several organic solvents and has the molecular weight of about 400 thousands. When P(CHPM)(O.5 g ), dissolved in acetone (20 ml), was aminated with triethyamine (6 moles per monomer unit in the polymer) at 80°C for 5.5 hours, reaction mixture became turbid. Then, water (10 ml) was added to dissolve the precipitates, and the polymer was further aminated for 3 hours. The cationic polymers thus obtained exhibit excellent flocculating properties. The maximum rate of sedimentation is 5.0 cm/min, when the amount of polymer is 0.002% on kaolin in suspension. The relation between flocculating action and extent of cationic polymer in an aqueous solution was discussed.

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Dynamic characteristics for the adsorption of organic substances in wastewater on activated carbon was studied by using a shallow bed technique.Overall capacity coefficients, K_La, were calculated by the breakthrough curves obtained from the passing of wastewater through a shallow bed, packed with 2g activated carbon, at room temperature.
The effects of linear velocity of flowing wastewater through the bed, particle size and kind of activated carbon on K_La were tested.
The experimental results showed that linear velocity does not exert an influence on K_La in the range studied, suggesting that intraparticle pore diffusion resistance is the rate controlling rather than liquid film diffusion resistance.
When sieved activated carbon from coal was used, the correlation between mean particle size of activated carbon, d, and K_La was expressed by the following equation. K_La=53(d)^-1.6(1/hr). Both K_La and the amount of adsorbed organic substances on activated carbon from coal are superior to those from coconut.
Measurement of K_La of a ctivated carbon from four commeracial coals revealed that K_La depends greatly on the particle size of activated carbon. It was also found that K_La increases when organic substances, whose molecular weight being more than 30000, are removed.

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The purpose of this research is to elucidate the effects of oil pollution upon the reaeration phenomena in the seas. The reaeration rate of pure water and that of water whose surface being covered with oil were investigated. Experiments were carried out in the temperature range from 6° to 40.5°C, and A-type petroleum was used as a covering material.
The experimental results are as follows: 1) The reaeration coefficient, k₂, is aff ected by the presence of oil slicks and decreases approximately by 20-40% on water without oil slicks.2) The temperature coefficient, θ, is 1.0 41 in the presence of oil slicks, while it is 1.0 28without them.3) In the experimental temperature range, the equilibrium concentration of dissolved oxygen maximally changes with the amount of oil slicks within a limit of ±10%. The above concentration becomes lower at 6°C and higher at 18.5, 30 or 40.5°C than that in the case of pure water.

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Anomalous increase of coercive force of a nonstoichiometric iron oxide powders treated with a chain like sodium metaphosphate was investigated. The maximum coercive force was obtained by the heat-treatment of 150°C at the pressure of 0.4 mmHg, and the value was 365Oe (105 Oe without treatment). The coercive force of the iron oxides treated at 100°C was found to decrease with time. The behavior is presumably due to a chemical change of the surfactant on the iron oxides.

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Linear equation, concerning equivalence volume, concentration of ion and volume of titrant, was proposed for the simultaneous determination of equivalence volumes and equilibrium constants in potentiometric titrations.
This equation i s applicable to monobasic acid-base, chelometric, precipitation, and redox titrations without approximations: y-=v_a+P⋅x where v_a is equivalence volume, x and y are functions of concentration of ion, determined by an ion-selective electrode, and volume of the titrant, respectively; in the case of redox titration, x is a function of ion concentration. P is a constant relating to equlibrium constant. Equivalence volume and equilibrium constant are determined in terms of the linear extrapola tion and the slope of y vs. x plot.
This method can be applied satisfactorily to the potentiometric titration whose experimental curve does not show a sharp inflection point or a symmetrical shape.

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A gas chromatography, using water vapor as a carrier gas, acts as a partition type gas chromatography, when a supporting material, Chromosorb PAW, containing large quantity of phosphoric acid, is used for a stationary phase after baking it at 550°C. By using this gas chromatography, lower fatty acids and alcohols in aqueous solutions can be quantitatively analyzed with high accuracy.
The hydrogen fla me ionization detector of the water vapor carrier gas chromatography should be used with minimum flow rate of hydrogen gas in order to operate at maximum S/N ratio.

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Irradiation of various N-benzylideneanilines dissolved in acetyl chloride with rays emitted from a mercury lamp gives mainly N-(α-acetylbenzyl)acetanilides. The C, N-diacetylated compounds are obtained only by the use of fully conjugated Schiff bases. If ortho substituents are present on the benzene ring, adjacent to imino nitrogen, the yield of diacetyl compounds decreases. This reaction proceeds via N-acetyliminium chloride, formed initially by the N-acetylation in the dark place.

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In previous papers, 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid (4-OIP) was found as an important intermediate in the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction. In this paper, the th ermal behavior of the lithium salts of 4-OIP has been examined together with lithium salicylates and p-hydroxybenzoates. The 4-OIP lithium salt decarboxylates mainly at the para-position to the hydroxyl group.

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Electrophoretic mobility of poly(N, N-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDDA) was measured at the ionic strength of 0.1 and in the pH range of 3-10, using buffer solution of HCl-NaCl, CH₃COOH-CH₃COONa, Na₂HPO4-KH₂PO4, and Na₂C0₃-NaHCO₃. On the other hand, the colloid titration of PDDA with potassium poly(vinyl alcohol) sulfate (PVSK) was carried out in salt-free aqueous solution at various pH.
From the above two different experiments, the effec t of pH on the dissociation of PDDA was investigated.
Both results have been compared with those of trimethyl ammonium glycol chitosan iodide reported in our previous paper, and the mechanism of the formation of polyion complex between PVSK and PDDA has been discussed.

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Polymers containing selenide pendents have been synthesized by the reactions of organic selenium compounds, such as selenols, diselenides (in the presence of reductant), and selenide Grignard's reagent, with three kinds of chlorine-containing polymers. As selenols are easily oxidized by a trace amount of oxygen in a solution, experimental procedure was rather difficult. Despite the reaction with Grignard's reagent appears to be most reasonable, economical and convenient, an appreciable side reaction occurs and the selenium content of the polymer becomes low. The selenide polymer, with higher degrees of substitution and conversion, was obtained by the reaction of diselenide with polymers in the presence of reductant. A,

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