The structure of Cu-chlorophyllin (Cu-chin) denosine-5'-monophosphate (5'-AMP) complex was studied. This complex has the absorption band at 645 nm which is attributed to the complex formation. From the titration of the difference spectra of the complex, its binding number and binding constant were estimated to be about 1 and 11.3 //mot at 25° C, respectively. Because the effect of Cu-chin on T1 of water protons decreases to a quarter, it was considered that Cu-chin forms dimer at higher concentration than 1 mmol/l in solution, From the low temperature ESR spectrum of the complex which has no hyperfine splitting, it is clear that the dimer of Cu-chin does not dissociate upon addition of 5'-AMP. Cu-chin also showed remarkable paramagnetic effects on proton and carbon relaxation rates of 5'-AMP. The longitudinal (T₁) and transverse (T₂) relaxation times of Cu-chln-5'-AMP complex were determined. From the data of temperature dependence of T2, it is considered that H(1') is relaxed with dipole-dipole interaction, but H(8) and H(2) are relaxed with the scalar interaction. The T₁ values for the complex have a minimum at about 20° C and r is considered to be 1.6x 10^-9 sec at this temperature. With the minimum value of T1, the apparent distances between each proton of 5'-AMP and the electron spin were 7.1 A, 6.9 A, and 7.4 A for H(8), H(2), and H(1'), respectively, by the equation of Bloembergen. The distances between each carbon of 5'-AMP and the electron spin were also calculated (Table 2).

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A rapid-scan infrared spectrometer was developed by modifying a Shimadzu IR 27 G infrared spectrometer and was applied to the study of explosion reaction of CO-02 mixtures. The new instrument was equipped with a PbSe detector and a rapidly oscillating mirror. The scan rate was 125 cm-Vmsec at 3000 cm^-1 and 12 cm-Vmsec at 500 cm^-1. The repetition interval was 20 msec. The spectra which were successively obtained every 20 msec were simultaneously displayed on a multi-trace oscilloscope and photographed. The calculated resolving power was about 7 cm^-1 at the slit width of 500 gm and at the wave number of 3000 cm -1. The spectral performance of this instrument was tested by recording the absorption bands of HCl gas, and the well resolved vibration-rotation bands structure at around 2900 cm^-1 was observed. Full band width at half maximum of P(3) and P(4) were approximately 15 cm^-1 at the slit width of 700 pm.
The mixtures of CO and 02 were exploded by spark discharge in a cylindrical vessel of pyrex. The emission spectra of CO₂ after the ignition were recorded at around the wave number of 3600 cm^-1 and 2350 cm^-1, The band heads corresponding to the 001-000 and 011-* 010 transitions were observed in these spectra. The effect of addition of a small amount of H₂O was tested.

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It was attempted to examine the effect of sulfate ion (S0₄^2-) on catalytic activity of MoO₃ supported on TiO₂ for the reduction of N₂0 with H₂. TiO₂ (A) and (B) were prepared from TiOSO₄ and TiCl4, respectively.
Mo03-TiO₂ (A) and -Al₂0₃ (Neobead C) pretreated with H₂ showed high catalytic activity for the reduction. The evolution of H₂S from TiO₂ (A) and Al₂0₃ (Neobead C) was observed during the pretreatment. Other catalysts, which have no catalytic activity when they treated with H₂, showed the activity when they pretreated with H₂S (Table 1). From these results, it is suggested that the MoO₃ was sulfated with H₂S evolved, and that the formed MoS₂ promoted the reaction. In fact, atomic ratio of S/Mo was about 2 in Mo03-TiO₂ (B) treated with H₂S (Fig.4), and the value of activation energy of the treated catalyst (4.9 kcal/mol) was close to that of commercial MoS₂ (5.7 kcal/mol): Mo03-TiO₂ (B) treated with H₂S showed catalytic activity for the reaction of NO with H₂, although it was not so active for the reaction of NO with NH₃.

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Ammonia formation in the reduction of NO and the water-gas shift reaction over Rh and Ru catalysts have been studied by using two kinds of model gases (Table 1). The reaction rates were measured with a continuous flow reactor. The catalysts used were both "oxidized" and "reduced" ones.
Over Rh and Ru catalysts, NH₃ was found to be formed by the two reactions the reaction of NO and H₂ added in the model gas, and the reaction between NO and active hydrogen produced by the water-gas shift reaction (Figs.2, 3, 5 and 6). However, the former was predominant at high temperatures.
Most of the NO was converted into NH₃ over Rh catalysts. Oxidized Rh catalyst was more active for both NH₃ formation and the water-gas shift reaction than reduced Rh catalysts (Figs.2 and 4). The former catalyst decomposed NH₃ at high temperatures, while the latter didn't.
On the other hand, Ru catalysts yielded much less NH₃ (Figs.5 and 6) than Rh catalysts. Only a small difference was observed in the catalytic activities between oxidized Ru catalyst and reduced ones. Neither oxidized nor reduced Ru catalysts decomposed NH₃ formed over the catalysts (Figs.5 and 6). This suggests that NH₃ is not an intermediate in the gas phase.

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Stoichiometric CoS and CoS, had none of catalytic activity for hydrogenation of 1, 3-butadiene, Isomerization, and hydrogen exchange of olefins, even being previously evacuated at 450° C, while Co metal sulfurized with a small amount of 1-12S was active.
Isomerization of normal butenes and hydrogen exchange reaction between CM, and C_2CD4 were catlyzed by the sulfurized Co metal at a room temperature only when hydrogen gas coexisted. An induction period observed in these reactions was diminished by pretreatment of the catalyst with hydrogen. These facts suggest that the active sites are formed by the reaction with hydrogen and that half-hydrogenated species formed on these sites are intermediates of these catalyzed reactions.
Experiments on the deuteration of 1, 3-butadiene proved that 1-butene and 2-butene were formed by 1, 2- and 1, 4-addition of hydrogen, respectively. The catalyst evacuated at 450° C still contained a remarkable amount of hydrogen, 0.2 ml (STP) per g catalyst. This residual hydrogen is found to be considerably introduced into the hydrogenation products of 1, 3-butadiene. It was scarcely active for the isomerization of butenes as well as the hydrogen exchange reaction of olefins and dienes at room teMperature, and little introduced into the products of isomerization of 2-methyl-1-butene or gaseous acetone (Table 3 and Fig.6).
Assuming that the residual hydrogen is bound to weakly acidic surface sulfur atoms, a mechanism of their admixing into the products of 1, 3-butadiene hydrogenation is proposed.

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On a copper-evaporated organic film consisting of a poly (vinyl chloride) -type matrix and a photo- or thermo-chromic benzospiran derivative, the surface copper was covered by components diffused from the organic layer at successive treatments of electron bombardment (12 kV, 7 x 10^-7 coulomb/cm²) and heating in nitrogen atmosphere (150° C), At the part bombarded, both an open-ring species of benzospiran derivative (1', 3', 3'-trimethylspiro [2 H-1-benzopyran2, 2'-indoline]: SP) having a zwitter ionic structure and hydrogen chloride liberated from matrix were found. By post-heating in nitrogen, the copper was thought to be partly converted to copper (I) chloride and then covered by diffused openring species of SP. The product covering the surface lowered the solubility of surface copper in acids.
This paper discusses the formation of the product covering the surface of the laminated film. The study deals with the covering of the surface of the treated film and with the absorption of SP on the surface of copper (I) chloride particles. The covering was studied by a quantitative analysis of residual copper in a solution of the treated organic layer. The adsorption was detected by the photochromic characteristics of SP and by the content of free copper in a filtrate of THE suspension containing SP and copper (I) chloride particles. As a result, the covering was found to be closely related with the adsorption, The open-ring species of SP with a chelating function (6-nitro-8-methoxy derivative) had a better adsorbability and showed a higher covering power than the other (6-nitro derivative).
This effect was also observed for the non-bombarded surface of a laminated specimen heated at a high temperature of 160° C. In this case the open-ring species of SP and the hydrogen chloride were formed thermally. On the other hand, the surface copper at the part bombarded at a high intensity over 2 X 10^-6 coulomb/cm² was not covered by the insoluble substance. This result suggested that the diffusion of liberated components from the organic layer was reduced by the three-dimentional crosslinking of the matrix molecule.

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Sulfate and hydrogensulfate ions were oxidized to peroxodisulfate ions on an illuminated titanium dioxide single crystal electrode. The oxidation potential was founded to be about 2.7 volt more negative than their standard oxidation potentials. These reactions seems to proceed through a direct transfer of photoexcited holes in the valence band to these sulfate ion species. The rate of the oxidation was affected by the composition of the electrolyte. The current efficiency for the formation of peroxodisulfate increased with increasing concentration of sulfuric acid. This behavior can be explained in terms of energy diagram for semiconductorelectrolyte interface.

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Melts of the composition 100 Li₂.200 Si0₂ 3 RimOn, (mole ratio), where R_m0_n, (R0n= B₂0₃, Na₂0, MgO, Al₂0₂, Si0₂ or P₂0₂) was an oxide component added, were unidirectionally solidified at a rate of 1.3 mm/hr with a temperature gradient of 80° C/cm in a clay crucible. A thin glass-ceramics layer- of Li₂0.2 Si0₂ previously formed on the inner surface of the bottom of the crucible was used as the seed crystals. All the ingots made were composed mainly of columnar Li₂0.2 Si0₂ crystals with their c-axes parallel to the direction of their elongation. The diameter of the columnar crystals was in the range 170-400 sum for all the ingots containing RimOn, whereas it was 560 pm for the ingot containing no R, , On. The total porosities of the ingots containing Na₂0, B₂0₃, P₂0₅ and Al₂0₃ were 1.1, 1.7, 7.6 and 9.1%, respectively, whereas the total porosity of the ingot containing no Rn, was 3.4%. The lower porosity of the ingots containing Na₂0 or B₂0₃ as compared with that of the Rm, Onfree ingot was attributed to the formation of a glassy matrix (5-7 wt%) at the boundaries of the columnar crystals; Viscous flow formed in the presence of the glassy matrix probably relaxed thermal stresses induced in the ingots after solidification, thus supressing the formation of microcracks.

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In this study, the samples were collected from the selected locations (Fig.1) in Sumiyoshi River; the geology of whose drainage basin consists mostly of biotite granite region; water quality of which is not contaminated with human life and mineral spring. The variations of the various soluble components have been measured over three years.
To investigate the seasonal variations, the surveys were made every ten days at the four locations in Juneecember, 1975. The results, given in Table 1, show that the concentrations of Mg, K, F, PO₄, NO₂, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn are higher in the hot season than in the cold one, while those of Ca, Na, HCO₃, Cl, SO₄ and SiO₂ do not show such a variation.
To make clear the influence of rainfall, the daily investigations in September, 1975, in December, 1976, and in May and June, 1977 were carried out and also the surveys in June 2nd, 1977 were performed every two hours at the main stream, the location No.4. From the results shown in Table 2 and Figs.2-4, it is shown that the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, HCO₃, Cl and F vary with almost definite propotion, and the concentrations move in a little inverse way to the flow rate of the stream, But the concentrations of K, SO₄, SiO₂, PO₄, NO₂, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn vary independently and change with relatively large extent.
Based on these experimental results and the relationship between the correlation coefficients given in Table 3 and the concentration correlations from the upper stream to the lower stream, shown in Fig.5, it is considered that the soluble components in the stream arise mostly from CO, weathering, fall-out, and humus decomposition products.

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Fluorine contents were determined spectrophotometrically (zirconium-eriochrome cyanine R) for Paleogene sedimentary rocks from the Yubari coal field and the availability of the element as a paleoenvironmental indicator was discussed.
The samples analyzed were collected from two boreholes (Fig.1). According to the stratigraphical studies, the Poronai and Wakanabe formations are of marine origin and the others of fresh water origin, and all of these formations were deposited at the ages of the Eocene and Oligocene.
The principal minerals of the shale samples consist of quartz, feldspars, clay minerals and calcite. The predominant clay minerals of the shale samples from the Poronai, Ikushunbetsu, Wakanabe, Yubari and Horokabetsu formations are illite and hydrous complex of illite with subordinate amounts of chlorite and kaolinite. On the other hand, the samples from the Noborikawa formation tend to contain large amounts of kaolinite compared with those of the above formations (Fig.3).
As Fig.2 shows, fluorine is more abundant in pelitic rock than in psammitic one. Seventeen marine shale samples gave an average fluorine content of 340 ppm and 17 freshwater ones 380 ppm. No significant difference in the fluorine content was found between the shales of both facies (Table 2). A similar result was obtained from the fluorine determination on the clay fractions (under 2 AL in diameter) of the shale samples which were treated with 6 mol/l hydrochloric acid at 90° C for 1 hour (Table 3).
It is concluded that fluorine is not suitable as a discriminator differentiating marine argillaceous sedimentary rocks from fresh water ones, since no effect of environmental salinity change reflects upon the elemental content.

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A method for the separation and determination of fluorine in geochemical samples by diffusion with hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) has been established on the basis of the method described by Sara and Wanninen. A recommended procedure is as follows.
Pipet 5 ml of a sample solution into one side (B1) of an outer compartment of a polyacrylic diffusion dish placed at an inclined position (Fig.1). Then, put 2.5 ml of HMDS-saturated 2.7 moli/ perchloric acid and 2 ml of conc. phosphoric acid in another outer side (B2), and 5 ml of a trapping solution (0.1 mol/l sodium hydroxide solution) in an inner compartment (A). Put on the lid (C) sealing with vaseline, and mix the solutions in the outer compartment. Leave the dish overnight in a horizontal position at room temperature. Determine the fluoride concentration in the trapping solution with a fluoride ion selective electrode after neutralization and buffering.
The recovery of 5-500, ag fluoride ranges from 98 to 101% for 19 determinations by this procedure. Aluminium ion retard the diffusion of fluorine remarkably when only HMDS-saturated perchloric acid is used (Table 2), but can be masked by phosphoric acid (Table 3). Addition of 2 ml of phosphoric acid is sufficient for masking up to 20 mg of aluminium ion (Al/F molar ratio=300). The effect of diverse ions was examined (Table 4). Almost all the ions examined could be tolerated up to 100 times in molar of fluorine. Several types of natural water samples of high electrolyte contents (sea water affected by a submarine volcano, strong acid hotspring water and condensate of active fumarolic gases), an apatite sample and a standard rock sample JB-1 (basalt) were analysed for fluorine by the proposed method (Table 5). The results agreed well with those obtained by other methods.

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1-Amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid (ANS) is polarographically inactive in the pH range from 0.8 to 12, but its oxidation product gives a sensitive A. C. wave, just as in the case of o-aminophenol. ANS is oxidized slowly with dissolved oxygen in the pH range from 1.5 to 3, whereas it is very rapidly oxidized in the presence of chromate, permanganate and nitrite ion in the same pH range. Therefore, the sensitive A. C. wave of the oxidation producut of ANS was utilized for the determination of microgram amounts of nitrite ion.
Drop time curves, temperature coefficients of the A. C. wave height and the D. C. wave height at potentials where the A. C. wave occurs indicates that the A. C. wave has a tensammetric nature. The infrared spectra, NMR spectra and ultimate analysis of the oxidation product of ANS supports that ANS is oxidized with nitrite ion according to equation 1.
The optimum conditions for the determination of nitrite ion were as follows: poassium hydrogen phthalate-HCl0₄ buffer: 0.025 mol/l, ANS: 2 x 10^-4 mol/l, standing time: 40 minutes, pH: 2.0, temperature: 50° C. A linear calibration curve was obtained over the concentration range between 0.03 and 0.3, ug/ml of nitrite ion with good reproducibility. Mo (VI), W (VI), Cr (la), S0₃^2- and Fe (III) interfere, but a small amounts of Al(III), Bi (III), Cu (II), Hg (II), Ag(I), Cl0₄^-, NH₄⁺ and some of organic substances such as amino acid, starch, methanol and nonionic detergent which shows interference with Griess-Romijin method do not cause interference with this method.

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Aqueous solutions of acrylamide and N, N'-methylenediacrylamide were suspended in a toluene-chlorobenzene mixture and spherical porous gels were obtained. By subsequent heattreatment of the gels, porous hydrophilic gels of various degree of imidization were produced. By eluting water soluble materials, such as acetone, ethylene glycol oligomers of various molecular weights and Blue Dextran, through columns packed with gels, the calibration curves were constructed. The increase of degree of imidization of gels shifted the calibration curves to the range of lower molecular weight without causing any variation in slope, and decreased log M_11m to a significant extent.
For the gel of 4.87 mol% crosslinking agent in total monomer, its excluded molecular weight, degree of swelling wet-mi/dry-m0 and amount of water regain (g/dry-g) were 14000, 4.81 and 4.67, respectively. When imidized at the heat-treatment temperature of 245° C for 2 hr, the degree of imidzation reached 63.0 mol%. Its excluded molecular weight, degree of swelling and amount of water regain were 150, 1.33 and 1.41, respectively. Among the gels of 4.87, 9.29 and 13.29 mol% crosslinking agent in total monomer, the 4.87 mol% gel turned out to be imidized most effectively.

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By using a porous copolymer of styrene-divinylbenzene for a column packing, rapid separation of 5, 6, 7-trisubstituted flavone derivatives was investigated. Resolution was improved by adding ethyl methyl ketone (EMK) to the methanol-water as mobile phase. The retention times of 42 flavonoids were measured under the following operating conditions: column, 500 x2.1 mm stainless steel column packed with Hitachi Gel # 3011; mobile phase, Me0H-H₂0- EMK (10: 1: 1); flow rate, 1 ml f min; temperature, room temp.; detector, UV 338 nm. The retention times for polyhydroxyflavones decreased with increasing number of hydroxyl group. However, the 5-hydroxyflavones were lately eluted than the corresponding 5-methoxyflavones. Various compositions of mobile phases from Me0H-H₂0 to Me0H-H₂0-EMK were used to obtain reasonable separations of these flavones.
The demethylation of polymethoxyflavones using anhydrous aluminium chloride or hydroiodic acid was investigated. The separation of flavonoids in the resulting demethylated products was satisfactorily achieved with the above-mentioned method. Methoxyl groups of flavone nucleus could be cleaved in the order 5, 6, 4' and 7 position.

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Although bis (3-guaiazulenyl)acylmethanes [1] are protonated reversibly in trifluoroacetic acid, it became apparent by the NMR examination that these compounds existed as guaiazulenium ion [ 2 ] and 3- (acylmethylene) guaiazulenium ion [ 3 ] in trifluoroacetic acid due to the novel fragmentation reaction (cf. Scheme 1).
In order to prove this fragmentation reaction, cross-over experiment was carried out. Thus, 4, 6, 8-trimethylazulene [ 4 ] was added into a trifluoroacetic acid solution of [1 d] followed by quenching with water. An expected cross-over product of both azulene skeletones, 1- (3-guaiazulenyl) -1- (4, 6, 8-trimethyl-1-azulenyl) -3, 3-dimethyl-2-butanone [7 d], was obtained along with [1 d] and guaiazulene [ 6 ]. When [7 d] was subjected to fragmentation in trifluoroacetic acid, it was converted into four kinds of azulenium ions, [ 2 ], [8 d], [ 5 ], and [3 d].
The mechanism of the fragmenation reaction was also described.

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Influences of a diluent (steam or nitrogen) on the tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) preparation by pyrolysis of chlorodifluoromethane (R 22) have been studied. The reaction was carried out under atmospheric pressure by a flow method in the adiabatic tank reactors at the temperature ranging from 640 to 850° C, the residence time being less than 1 s. The molar ratio of a diluent to R 22 was varied from 0.2 to 9.0.
The conversion of R 22 increased with an increase in the amount of the diluents (Fig.5). In the presence of steam, the conversion was not affected by space velocity of total gases, but by space velocity of R 22 (Figs.6 and 9).
The selectivity for the yield of TFE was dominated by space velocity of total gases and was independent of the diluents and their concentrations (Fig.7).

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The acceleration effects of diluents (steam and/or nitrogen) on the pyrolysis of chlorodifluoromethane (R 22) have been examined. The reaction was carried out under atmospheric pressure by a flow method in the temperature range from 640 to 850° C. The residence time in the adiabatic tank reactors was less than 1 s. The diluents-R 22 molar ratio was varied from 0.2 to 9.0. Temperature dependence of the over-all 1 st-order rate constants in the absence of a diluent was given by equation (1).
k₀=10^9.82, exp{-467001500R(ca1)T}SeC-1(1)
The activation energy was not affected by the kind and concentrations of the diluents (Fig.7). The pyrolysis rate of R 22 in the presence of nitrogen was expressed by equation (2), which was found to be applicable to the reported data for the pyrolysis of R 22 under the conditions of
k=k₀exp{0.92p_D/(p_R)} (2)
reduced pressure and in the presence of helium (Fig.3). Acceleration effect of steam was shown by equation (3) (Figs.4, 5 and 6).
k=k₀(1+p_W/p_R)^0.82 (3)
Effects of dilution by nitrogen or helium, and of reduced pressure are attributed to the catalytic effect of wall surfaces, whereas the acceleration by steam seems to be caused by the association of the H₂O and HCl molecules in the gas phase.

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Several 1-hydroxy- and 1-aminoanthraquinones were found to be photodecomposed (Fig.1) under irradiation with visible light in the aerated alkaline solution to give phthalic acid as the main decomposition product, while anthraquinone derivatives which have no electron donating substituent and 2-amino- and 2-hydroxyanthraquinones did not show any reactivity under the same conditions (Table 1). The above photodecomposition is induced by excitation to the intramolecular ¹CT level of these 1-substituted anthraquinones, and both oxygen and the hydroxide ion are indispensable for the reaction. Studies on the effects of solvents and wavelength of irradiation showed that the reaction did not proceed through the photo-reduction of anthraquinones.

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The syntheses of royal jelly acid (10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid), queen substance (9- oxo-trans-2-decenoic acid) and their related compounds have been examined systematically by the standard methods using general reagents (Scheme 1). Dehydrogenation of 1, 5-pentanediol [ 1], 1, 6-hexanediol[ 2 ], 1, 8-octanediol C 3 j, 1, 10- decanediol [ 4 ] and their monoacetates [ 5 ], -[ 8 led to 5-hydroxypentanal ], 6-hydroxyhexanal [10], 8-hydroxyoctanal [11], 10-hydroxydecanal [12] and their monoacetates [13] [16], respectively (Table 1). w-Hydroxy- and w-acetoxy-trans-2-alkenoic acids [17] [24] were derived from hydroxy and acetoxy aldehydes [9][16] by the condensation with malonic acid in pyridine (Table 2).
Thus royal jelly acid [19] and its related compounds [17][24] were easily synthesized by two steps in good yield.
w-Hydroxy-trans-2-alkenoic acid methyl esters [25][28] were prepared by esterification of [17]-[24]. w-Bromo-trans-2-alkenoic acid methyl esters [29][32] were obtained by the bromination of [25][28] with PBr3. w-Acetyl-trans-2-alkenoic acids [33][36] were easily derived from [25] [28] by the condensation with ethyl acetoacetate.
Thus queen substance and its related compounds [33][36] were synthesized by the standard method.

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Several 2, 6-piperazinediones [ 1 ] were heated with nitrobenzene to give the cyclic dimers 2 of 3, 5-didehydro-2, 6-piperazinediones. Dimers ([2 a] and [2 b]) obtained from 1, 4- diphenyl- and 4-methyl-1-phenyl-2, 6-piperazinedione, respectively, were hydrolyzed in aqueous alkali to give the corresponding bis(phenylcarbamoyl) dicarboxylic acids ([3 a] and [3 b]). Cyclodehydration of [3 a] and [3 b] with acetic anhydride occurred stereospecifically and the former gave [2 a] and the latter gave [ 4 ], an isomer of [2 b], having two succinimide rings. The structural analysis of each product involved in the reaction sequences described above suggests that [2 a] has exo-form while [2 b] has endo-form structure.

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The reduction of p-nitrotoluene to obtain p-toluidine with hydrazine hydrate catalyzed by iron oxides or iron hydroxides (amorphous iron oxide, a-iron oxide, r-iron oxide, goethite, hematite and magnetite) was studied. Despite above any iron oxides were effective for the reduction, amorphous iron oxide gave the best result.
From the results of repeated use of amorphous iron oxide, it was found that its catalytic activity was maintained up to nine times and no by-products were formed.
From the comparision of the data of X-ray diffraction and of electron microscope observation of the catalyst before use with those of finally recovered one (No.11), the former showed the absence of crystal structure (amorphous) and the latter showed evidently the presence of cr-Fe₂0₃ structure and each particle in the latter was enlarged and lost the sharpness of its edge.
It was concluded that the gradual change of amorphous FeOOH into crystalline a-Fe₂0₃ brouah about a decrease in the yield of 1-toluidine.

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Equilibrium water sorption isotherms for vinyl acetate-vinyl alcohol copolymers were obtained and the sorptive capacity of these copolymers was discussed with respect to the polar group content and its distribution.
For heterogeneously acetylated samples (B sample), a linear plot between the specific gravities and polymer composition was obtained. This suggests that B sample has almost the same micro structure in crystalline state as that of PVA. The sorptive capacity of both copolymers was similar at low humidity. At the higher relative humidity, however, the sorptive capacity of the homogeneously acetylated samples (R sample) was higher than that of B samples. It appears that the experimental results of B sample obeyed the BET equation between 10% to 45% RH, whereas the Flory-Huggins' solution mechanism may be applied to R sample over the whole range of relative humidity examined.
Further analysis of the sorption behavior was made in terms of the clustering function. At low humidity, for B sample, the values of the clustering function G₁₁/V₁ were less than -1 indicating the localized sorption of the water molecules on specific polymer sites. Moreover they reached values of more than -1 with the further increase of relative humidity. For R sample, on the contrary, the values of G₁₁/V₁1 were nearly -1, showing an ideal solution behavior over the whole range of relative humidity.

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The Pad-Cure method was applied to grafting acrylamide onto cotton fibers. It was found that grafted cotton fibers can be obtained within a short grafting time as 30 min. The graft copolymerization of acrylamide occured at the vicinity of the boiling temperature of solvent used to solute the monomer.
Furthermore, degree of grafting was found to vary with the amount of monomer added on fibers.

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As a part of studies on the mechanism of the process of natural smolder of a cigarette, the amounts of O₂ consumed and smoke components formed during natural smolder have been measured in a closed combustion chamber, in which O₂ with adjusted concentration has been circulated gently. The amount of heat evolved has been estimated from the heat of formation of CO, CO and H₂O produced in the combustion zone of a cigarette. In addition, the influences of concentration of atmospheric O₂ on the consumption of O₂, yields of gaseous components, amount of heat evolved, smoldering rate, and smoldering temperature have been experimentally examined.
The amount of consumed O₂ and that of heat evolved per gram of a cigarette, under atmospheric conditions of approximatelly 21% of O₂, corresponding to an ordinary air composition, were found to be 14-19 x 10^-3 mole and 1.2-1.6 kcal, respectively.
The amount of heat evolved per unit mass of a cigarette decreased with increasing O₂ amount in an atmosphere; however the amount of heat evolved per unit mole of O₂ consumed was independent of both amount of O₂ and tobacco types, showing a constant value of about 84 kcal/mol. The amount of CO formed, the smoldering rate, and the smoldering temperature increased with increasing amount of ambient O₂, whereas the amounts of O₂ consumed and CO₂ formed decreased. The above mutual relationship was presumed to be due to the shift occurred in the equilibrium of the reaction, CO₂+ C 2CO, at the combustion zone.

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The longest wavelength electronic absorption bands (Table 1) of 2-aryl-4, 5-diphenylimidazoles show bathochromic shifts when more electron-attractive substituents are introduced in the 2-phenyl group. The substituept effect is closely related to that in the intramolecular charge-transfer bands of 1-(p-isubst4uted phenyl)pyrroles. Therefore, the longest wavelength absorption band of 2-[p- (4, 5-dipheny1-2-imidazolyl)phenyl]-4-ethoxyl-4, 5-dipheny1-4H-imidazole is considered as, mtramolecular charge-transfer band. The solvent and temperature effects are consistent. With this'interpretation.

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Styrene copolymerizes with alkyl maleates alternately via a radical mechanism. Addition of zinc chloride accerelated the rate of this radical copolymerization initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile (10^-2 mol/l) as in Table 1.
A possible mechanism in which the one to one complex of styrene and alkyl maleates plays an important role is presented (Fig.2).

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