In order to derive the integral rate equation indispensable for examining the comformity of experimental and analytical time-conversion curve of a reaction under non-isothermal (hereafter abbreviated to NIT) conditions, previously reported Sliding model was applied and the integral rate equations were derived for irreversible, reversible and complex reactions. It is suggested that rate equations could be derived as the first derivations of these NIT-integral rate equations and the isothermal-integral rate equations could be obtained from the NIT-integral rate quations in the case of constant temperature. In addition, the general derivation without using complex Sliding model was established by using common mathmatics for irreversible reactions, the same-order competitive reactions and successive reactions whose reaction order of intermediate is 1st-order, or by using “functional” for reversible reactions and 1st-2nd order competitive reaction.

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A bipolar membrane is a composite membrane consisting of an anion exchange membrane and a cation exchange membrane in series, and H⁺ and OH^- ions are produced by water splitting at an intramembrane interface and migrate separately in opposite directions when a potential is applied across the bipolar membrane. One of the characteristic points of a bipolar membrane system is that water dissociates about 10⁶-10⁷ times faster than the case of ordinary water dissociation. The Poisson and the Nernst-Planck equations for the electric field and the ion migration in the intramembrane interface were solved by numerical calculations on a computer, giving a calculated current-voltage curve. The theoretical results were compared with the observed results on the bipolar membranes which were prepared of Nafion 117 and Selemion AMP. This examination clarifies that the strong electric field and the presence of chromium (III) hydroxide in the intramembrane interface accelerate effectively the water splitting rate in the bipolar membrane system.

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The homogeneous hydrogenation of phenylacetylene homolog catalyzed by dihydrido (1, 3diphenyltriazenido) bis (triphenylphosphine) rhodium (III) (dihydridorhodium complex) was studied under a pressure of 1 atm hydrogen. The dihydridorhodium complex was active catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene to styrene. On the other hand, internal alkynes are not hydrogenated. For the reduction of phenylacetylene in toluene, incleasing reaction temperature decreased catalytic activity of hydrogenation of phenylacetylene and the addition of triphenylphosphine or 1, 3-diphenyltriazene leads decreasing in the catalytic activity.
The results are discussed in terms o f the mechanism of hydrogenation reaction.

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Catalytic properties of FSM-16 (porous silica with the honeycomb structure of uniform mesopores)were investigated for Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime in gas phase at 523-623 K, and were compared with those of other typical solid acid catalysts. FSM-16 was found to be a long-life catalyst and exhibited higher conversion of the oxime than silica-alumina, H-ZSM-5, Na-ZSM-5, HXzeolite, and γ-alumina. Selectivity for ε-caprolactam of FSM-16 was 42-45%, which was lower than that of H-ZSM-5 (89%), silica-alumina (77%), and HX-zeolite (74%). The product composition given by FSM-16 was very similar to that by silica gel. FSM-16, which was impregnated with a solution of aluminum nitrate and then calcined at 823 K, exhibited a higher selectivity (54%) for ε-caprolactam than an original one. The activity of FSM-16 was remarkably decreased when the catalyst was calcined at 1073 K or above. However, the selectivity for e-caprolactam scarcely changed.

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Compositional characterization has been performed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometryatomic emission detector technique for coal-liquid raw naphtha, coal-liquid refined naphtha, coal-liquid reformate and commercial petroleum gasoline. The chemical compositions of these oils are divided into five groups: chain hydrocarbons, monocyclic hydrocarbons, bicyclic hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing compounds and other compounds (containing unidentified compounds). As compared to petroleum gasoline, the coal-liquid raw naphtha contains higher concentrations of straight paraffins, cycloparaffins, cycloolefins, bicycloparaffins and oxygen-containing compounds, and contains lower concentrations of branched paraffins and monocyclic aromatic compounds. Phenols and ketones are the major components of oxygen-containing compounds. The total concentrations of paraffins and cycloparaffins increase by refining. The hydrogenation of olefins and the hydrodeoxygenation of oxygencontaining compounds are suggested to proceed during refining process. By reforming treatment the concentrations of branched paraffins and monocyclic aromatic compounds increase which suggests that coal-liquid reformate makes good use as major blending substance with the petroleum gasoline.

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Flat poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (fPTFE) plates grafted with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) were prepared by the combined use of the oxygen plasma treatment and photografting. The amounts of PNIPAAm grafted onto fPTFE plates were evaluated from Nis/Cis values of NIPAAm-g-fPTFE plates by ESCA. Their surface properties were followed up by contact angles with water and several organic liquids. As a result, it was found that the hydrophobic and non-wettable surfaces of fPTFE plates were made highly hydrophilic and wettable. The wettabilities of NIPAAm-g-fPTFE plates increased with an increase in the amount of PNIPAAm grafted onto fPTFE plates. A discontinuous decrease in wettabilities of NIPAAm-g-fPTFE plates was observed between 30 and 35 °C, corresponding to LCST (the lower critical solution temperature) of PNIPAAm in an aqueous solution. The surface free energies γs of NIPAAm-g-fPTFE, PNIPAAm and NIPAAm gel plates at 25 and 40°C were calculated on the basis of the modified Fowkes equation and the components of hydrogen bonding γs^h were found to decrease at 40 °C compared to those at 25°C. It was made clear that the hydrophobic interaction between isopropyl groups in PNIPAAm chains at higher temperatures brought about the decrease in the hydrogen bonding between grafted PNIPAAm chains and water molecules.

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Characterization of coal tar, petroleum and PVC pitches by a liquid chromatography using cellulose 3, 5-dinitrobenzoate (DNB-cellulose) as the packing material was investigated. Separation mechanism based on charge-transfer interaction between the dinitrobenzoyl group and polyaromatic compounds was expected to be useful for separation of the constituents of the pitches. First, 26 model polyaromatic compounds were tested to examine the characteristic feature of the packing material by the liquid chromatography. As the results, the compounds were found to be classified roughly into four groups with different retention volume, principally according to the number of ring condensed. The nonplanar structure and aliphatic side chain of the polyaromatic compounds also affected on the separation behavior. Both benzene soluble-hexane soluble and benzene soluble-hexane insoluble fractions of the three pitches were separated on DNB-cellulose. It was found that, coal tar pitch contains relatively large amounts of some highly condensed polyaromatic compounds with condensed rings of 4 to 5 and petroleum pitch does small amounts of such specific highly condensed polyaromatic compounds, while PVC pitch does large amounts of less condensed polyaromatic compounds and there is not significant amount of highly condensed compound in it. Thus DNB-cellulose was useful as the convenient packing material for liquid chromatography to characterize pitches.

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Alkylamine intercalated fibrous cerium hydrogenphosphate complexes were prepared and their cobalt ion adsorption properties were examined under hydrothermal conditions to develop the adsorbent for removal of radioactive corrosion products in nuclear reactor. X-Ray powder diffraction patterns of the complexes suggested that the alkylamine bilayer and α, ω -alkanediamine monolayer were constructed between the interlayer space of the cerium hydrogenphosphate. Cobalt ion uptake increased with the addition of amino groups up to the cation exchange capacity of the fibrous cerium hydrogenphosphate and the saturated uptake amount increased with the following order; octylamine complex > octamethylenediamine complex > dodecamethylenediamine complex>dodecylam ine complex.
The cobalt ion uptake was achieved by the octylamine and octamethylenediamine complexes under hydrothermal conditions. X-Ray diffractometry revealed that cerium orthophosphate phase was formed without any cobalt compound. As the atomic ratios of P/Ce and Co/Ce had a linear relationship, cobalt ions are incorporated into a cerium orthophosphate compound (Ce_1-xCo_x) PO₄ accompanied by the reduction of cerium and the structural change of the complexes under hydrothermal conditions.

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A facile measuring apparatus for studying filter effect on UV curing reaction of acrylate monomers was prepared. Correlation of depth of curing of the monomer and conversion of C= C double bond was examined with this apparatus. The conversion of C=C of the monomer decreased from 75.0% to 19.5%with increasing depth of curing of 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethy1-1, 3-propanediol triacrylate (TMPTA) under UV irradiation with 40 mJ/cm² owing to filter effect of acrylate monomer and photoinitiator. The depth of curing of the monomer increased with an decrease in the concentration of photoinitiator in monomer. The depth of curing showed the largest value by use of TMPTA for monomer and 2-methyl1-[4- (methylthio)pheny1]-2-morpholino-1-propanone for photoinitiator.

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