The microwave spectra of N isotopic species of nitryl chloride, NO₂3Cl and "NO₂87Cl, have been assigned between 8.5 and 32 GHz, and following rotational constants have been obtained:
A=13298 MHz, B=5156.83 MHz, C=3709.76 MHz for '5NO₂85Cl
A=13299 MHz, B=5001.2 MHz, C=3628.6 MHz for NO₂87Cl
The microwave spectra of the normal species and the "Cl species have already been measured by Filgueira et al. (1975). An analysis of both the rotational constants obtained in this study and the constants obtained by Filgueira et al. has given the following bond lengths and bond angle as the r. (partial r0) structural parameters of nitryl chloride.
r0(N-O) =1.1980.0O^2-A, rs(N-Cl) =1.843 0.0O^2-A, Z ONO= 130.900.50
The nuclear quadrupole coupling constants in the N-Cl bond axial system of "NO₂35Cl are X=4.8 MHz and n= 0.108.

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The propene polymerization over TiCl₃-Al(C₂H₅)₂H catalyst has been kinetically studied. The polymerization rate increases rapidly to a maximum and then gradually decreases to a stationary rate (R.) with time. The rate after passing a maximum is expressed by
R=R-1- (R0co) exp(-1e3t),
where Ro is the extrapolated rate at t=0 and k3 decay parameter. The stationary rate is expressed by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood type equation:
where, k and KA are constants, [A] concentration of Al(C_2CI-15)2H and P propene pressure. It was confirmed that R. is reversible with respect to [A]. An aging effect of TiCl3 in a concentrated solution of Al(Cal), H on the maximum rate has not been observed.
It was found in this system that the stereoregularity of produced polymer increased with increasing A1(C_2C1-15)2H concentration used in the polymerization. By measuring the numberaverage molecular weight under various conditions, the concentration of polymerization centers and the rate constants of elementary reactions were determined. In this connection, a correct kinetic method for determining of the number of the centers was proposed, criticizing the conventional method. Some kinetic features of this polymerization have been discussed.

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Decarbonylation of furfural over various poly (metal phthalocyanine) catalysts (Poly-M-Pc) was studied by a continuous flow system at an atmospheric pressure. The reaction products were furan and carbon monoxide, whose ratio being 1: 1. No other reaction occurred. The yield of furan depended on the kind of central metal in the catalyst. The order of a catalytic activity was found to. be: Pt>Pd>Pt>CoPt>Pt>NiPt>Fe. Only Poly-M-Pc, whose central metals being Mil th group of transition metals, showed catalytic activity. A mixed catalyst, Poly-Co-Ni-Pc, was more active for the decarbonylation than the single catalyst such as Poly-Co-Pc or PolyNi-Pc. Insertion of two species of metal ion to the enlarged conjugated catalyst system gave special effect on the yield of furan. The same was true for the mixed catalyst, Poly-Fe-NiPc. The catalytic activity of Poly-Pt-Pc was higher than that of Pt-Black. The order of the reaction over Poly-Pt-Pc catalyst was found to be 0.5 with respect to furfural, and 1.0 with respect to hydrogen. The observed activation energy was 11.0 kcal/mol in the temperature range from 200 to 300°C, over this catalyst.

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Four different nickel oxide samples prepared by vacuum decomposition were examined for nickel species by ESR measurements and by the reaction of the oxides with carbon monoxide. Ferromagnetic nickel was formed in NiO(U) prepared by the urea precipitation followed by vacuum decomposition and also in NiO(C) prepared by vacuum decomposition of nickel carbonate. Average particle size of the metallic nickel was estimated to be about 50A. Sintering of the particles took place above 450° C.
Both NiO(U) and NiO(C) were found to form Ni (CO), by the reaction with CO at 120 Torr and at room temperature. Nickel oxide, NiO(A), prepared by ammonia precipitation followed by vacuum decomposition gave a rather large amount of Ni(CO)₄. Since no metallic nickel was found in NiO(A), the Ni(C0), formation is caused by a low valent nickel. No amount of Ni(C0), was formed from NiO(B) prepared by baking nickel nitrate. Active oxygen forming CO, from CO even at room temperature was found in all the samples.

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Effect of the composition of Pd-Sn, Ni-Sn, Rh-Sn, and Pd-Ag in the catalysts on the activation of hydrogen was studied. The activation energy for H₂-132 exchange reaction over the catalysts increased with the decrease in composition ratio of the catalysts, i. e., Pd/Sn, Ni/Sn, Rh/Sn, and Pd/Ag atomic ratios. The pre-exponential factor observed for alloy catalysts increased with the decrease in the composition ratio. Effect of the decrease in the composition ratio on the valence band spectra of the Sn-alloys was measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that for more Sn added the position of the main peaks of spectra shifted from the Fermi level to higher binding energies, and that each band had a narrower width. The Pd-4 d band of Pd-Ag alloys measured by XPS had narrower width with decreasing Pd/Ag according to Hilfner et al. These behaviors in valence band suggest the decrease of the density of state at Fermi level, because the valence band traverses the Fermi level at a lower level as the composition ratio decreases. Electrons at Fermi level seem to be utilized for the formation of adsorption bond between hydrogen and metals. It is suggested that the majority of adsorbed species participating in the exchange reaction change the state from dissociative to non-dissociative as the catalyst composition ratio decreases. This seems to bring about the increase of activation energy with the decrease of catalyst composition ratio. It is proposed that the role of Sn in these Sn containing catalysts is to make the adsorption bond between catalyst and hydrogen weak.

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Nitriding of 40 Ti-60 V (wt%) plate and powder with N2 (1 atm) has been carried out at 700-1350° C and the process of nitriding was investigated by gravimetric method, X-ray diffractometry, X-ray microprobe analysis and microscopic observation, The results obtained were summarized as follows.
(1) In the nitriding of plate specimens, (Ti, V)N single phase were not synthesized even at 1350° C. (Ti, V)N was observed only on the surface layer of specimen and Ti-rich nitride developed as needle-like crystal into the inner part of specimen remaining V-rich alloy phase. (2) In the nitriding of powder specimens (grain size is about 80 pm), Ti-rich nitride and V-rich alloy remained at lower temperature than 1100° C. Single phase of (Ti, V)N was obtained at 1200° C or above. The formation of Ti-rich nitride predominated at the initial nitriding stage. But the grain size of Ti-rich nitride and V-rich alloy was so small (smaller than 1 pm) that the both phases reacted to form (Ti, V)N single phase at high temperature as nitriding proceeded further. The reaction was as follows
Ti-rich nitride + V-rich alloy + nitrogen (Ti, V)N
(3) The initial rate of nitriding followed the parabolic law. Alloy was nitrided more rapidly than V and Ti metals at initial stage.

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The effects of starting salts on the color, particle size and crystal structure of mercurycadmium-sulfide pigments were investigated. The coprecipitate (N-S) of cadmium sulfide and mercury (II) sulfide was prepared by adding sodium sulfide solution to a mixed cadmiummercury (II) nitrate solution. The coprecipitate (C-S) of cadmium sulfide and mercury (II) sulfide was also prepared from the mixed solution of their chlorides by the same method as described above. The coprecipitated products were heat-treated (calcination or hydrothermal treatment) at 350° C for 2 hours and subsequent changes in powder properties of both products were compared from each other. The powder properties of N-S, C-S and their heat-treated products were investigated by spectral reflectance, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and specific surface area measurements.
Sample (N-C) obtained by the calcination of N-S was brown, indicating no red coloration, but the calcined product (C-C) of C-S developed a red color. Cl and hot water were found to be effective for the red color development of the pigment. The effectiveness was confirmed by calcining N-S in the presence of NaCl or by treating it hydrothermally. It was found that halides other than NaCl, (e. g., NH4CI, KCl, KBr and KI), were also effective for the color development of the pigment. The red samples are solid solutions with a basically hexagonal CdS structure, and it appears that CdS takes up HgS without any apparent structural changes. The particle size of the red samples are larger than those of the non red samples.

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The carburization rates of molybdenum and tungsten plates with CH4(0.2-5%)-1-12 mixtures at 900-1150° C were found to follow the parabolic law. The parabolic rate constants for the carburization of Mo to Mo, C and that of W to WC were determined as follows:
For the formation of Mo2C,
The partial pressure of CH4 and H₂ is expressed by atmosphere. These rate constants could be explained in terms of the Wagner theory of thick-layer growth on the assumption of the ionic bond in the carbides and of the vacancy mechanism of carbon diffusion. The diffusion coefficients obtained from the above rate constants were discussed.

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An attempt was made to grow transparent single crystals of NaNd (MoO^2-)2 from hightemperature solutions of a ternary system Nd2O^2-MoO^2-Na₂CO₃ by a slow cooling. An optimum range was established for the composition of the high-temperature solution. Experimental conditions for the crystal growth involved a soaking temperature of 1100° C, soaking period of 5 hr, cooling rate of 5° C/hr and cooling range of 1100-. -400° C. Results obtained were summarized as follows: (1) The composition of the high-temperature solution resulting in red purple, transparent single crystals of NaNd(MoO^2-)2 ranged 2-15, 53-85 and 1O^2-5 mol% for Nd2O^2-, MoO₃ and Na₂C08, respectively.
(2) A maximum size of transparent crystals obtained extended to about 9 mm X 7 mm x 7 mm (about 620 mg in weight). It grew from the high-temperature solution consisting of Nd2O^2-(5 mol%)-MoO^2-(70 mol%)-Na₂CO₃(25 mol%) mixture totalling 37 g in weight.
(3) Crystals were primarily of bipyramidal and truncated bipyramidal forms. Miller indices of the crystal faces determined by interfacial angles were {101} / {101} and {001}, respectively.
(4) Lattice parameters of the crystals yielded a=5.286A and c=11.57A. A density of 4.9, g/cm3 came out for the crystals, as picnometrically determined. This was in good agreement with the calculated value of 5.00 g/cm3 and literature one (5.00 g/cm3).
(5) DTA data showed that the crystals had a melting point of 1150-5° C.

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Single crystals of alexandrite were grown by means of a molten V20, flux technique at a constant soaking temperature of 1000° C for the maximum 1285 hrs, using the natural chrysoberyl seeds. Temperature difference between the seed and nutrient was 5-20° C. A solubility curve of the grown alexandrite and natural chrysoberyl in V20, flux were examined. It is found that about 3.6 g of both crystals melted in V205 at 1000° C during 24 hrs. Evaporation rate of the V205 flux at 1000° C was about 0.5 g/day. The maximum growth weight was about O.73 g (approximately 3.7 carat) under a condition of the temperature difference of 20° C and 1285 hrs. The growth crystal was bounded with c(001), o(111), (110), b(010) and very small planes consisting of s(O^2-1), r(O^2-1) and M(011).
The observed linear growth rates for each plane of the grown single crystals of alexandrite fnllnwinu nrcler_o(111) > c(001) > m(110) The growth rates of o-, c- and m-planes were about 4.2 x10-3, 2.8 x 10-3 and 1.5 x10-3 mm/hr, respectively. The growth of a slender elliptic, a slender hexagonal and a regular square shapes were observed on the o-, c- and m-planes, respectively. Spontaneously nucleated single crystals of alexandrite were grown on a platinum thermocouple tube and the maximum dimension of the grown crystal was about 8 x 3 x 7 mm3. Emission spectrometric analysis revealed that the single crystal of alexandrite did not contain vanadium and iron and that crystal was very pure.

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The effects of bivalent alkali earth metals (Mg, Ca and Ba) ions on the growth of MWO₄ needle crystals were studied by replacing Mg by Ca, and Ca by Ba in turn and the substitution effects on the grown crystals were investigated. The growth conditions were as follows: Soaking temperature 900° C, Soaking period: 5 hours, Cooling rate: 5° C/hr, Cooling range: 900-500° C.
Results obtained were summarized as follows: (1) The lengths of the longest needle crystals of MWO₄ were in order of about 4.4 mm for Ca (solute content 2.5 mol%), 3.4 mm for Ba (5.0 mol%) and 2.2 mm for Mg (2.5 mol %). The average lengths of these crystals were in order of about O.58 mm for Ca, O.52 mm for Mg and O.48 mm for Ba and the average diameters of the crystals were in order of about 8.3ii for Mg, 5., u for Ba and 4. it for Ca. Therefore, the magnitudes of the aspect ratios obtained by using these average values are estimated at 13. x 10 for Ca, 8. x 10 for Ba and 6.3x 10 for Mg, respectively.
(2) In the case of MgWO₄ or CaWO₄ needle crystals, the relation between lengths of the crystals and solute contents approximately followed Weimarn's theory. On the other hand, in the case of BaWO^2- needle crystals the relation didn't follow the theory. Reasons for the difference in experimental results were discussed.
(3) The growth directions of MWO₄ needle crystals were 001 for Mg, Ca and Ba and 110 for Ca.
(4) Some peculiar forms of MWO₄ crystals coexisted with the needle crystals. The tendency for the forms of these coexisting crystals to be more two-dimensional was increased by the substitution of Mg by Ca, and Ca by Ba in turn.

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Annihilation r-rays (511 keV) were measured by a Ge(Li) or pure germanium detector with high energy resolution, and the Doppler-broadening of photopeaks in aqueous solutions of paramagnetic MnSO₄ and oxidizing KMnO, was analyzed in detail by deconvoluting energy spectra with a resolution function. Although differences could be recognized in FWHM's of annihilating peaks (Fig.2), the Doppler-broadened energy spectra were further converted to the momentum distribution spectra to obtain a more detailed picture, especially of the narrow component intensity (4) and the shape of the free annihilation component for annihilating pairs. An increase in the intensity of the lower momentum component associated with the self-annihilation of para-positronium was observed with the increase in the paramagnetic Mn (II) ion concentrations (Fig.5). Values of IN were decreased by the addition of an oxidizing MnO^2-- (Fig.6). The mean momentum of the higher momentum component associated with the free positron annihilation (Pr) was studied in aqueous solutions containing several inorganic anions. The momentum distribution spectra of various concentrations of aqueous NaCl solutions revealed the existence of a bound state between e+ and Cl-, i. e., [e+Cl-]. The analysis of Pp values for F-, OH- and CN- ions, suggests that a positron forms [e+X-] with CN- but not with OH- and F- in aqueous solutions. Available data on the reaction of various anions toward positrons suggest that the reactivity is determined by the values of P. A. Ex-hyd. These results demonstrate that the present method, Doppler-broadened energy measurement and the conversion to the momentum distribution spectrum, is useful for the investigation of the annihilation behavior of a positron and positronium.

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Extraction behavior of tin (IV) from aqueous oxalic acid solution with trioctylamine(TOA; R3N) in xylene was investigated to determine the composition of a complex involved in the extraction. The stoichiometry of the complex was determined by the mole-ratio method, the method of continuous variation and the slope ratio method. Mole ratios of [Oxalate/Sn (ET)] and [TOA/Sn(N)] in the organic phase were found to be 3.0 and 2.0, respectively, at a constant mole ratio of 3.3 for [Oxalate/Sn (Er)] in the aqueous phase. The effect of hydrogen ion concentration on the distribution ratio of tin (17.) was also examined. A slope of the plot of log D vs. pH of the aqueous phase was about 2.0 at the equilibrium. These results suggest that the oxalatostannate(IV) species is associated with two molecules of R31\TH⁺. With respect to the effect of TOA concentration the plots of log D vs. log [R311] yield a slope of about O. Based on these observations we come to a conclusion that the extracted tin (N) species in the organic phase predominantly consists of (R3NH)2Sn (C_2CO^2-)3.

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Methylnaphthalenes(0.01 mol) as simplified models of the constituents of tar were heated at 100° C for 2-30 min in a melt consisting of A1Cl3, NaCl, and KCl(0.60, 0.26, and 0.14 mol, respectively; a standard melt, mp 95° C). Monomethylnaphthalenes (MMN) isomerized rapidly giving an equilibrium mixture (2-/1-MMN=4.4), and at the same time they formed small amounts of naphthalene, dimethylnaphthalenes (DMN), and tetralin. In the reaction of DMN, as shown in Table 2, generally 1, 3-DMN was the main product, being accompanied with isomeric DMNs, MMNs, trimethylnaphthalenes (TMN), a dihydro-DMN, and tarry condensation products. The reactivity of DMNs was as follows: 1, 8--, ---1, 4->2, 3->2, 6->1, 3- > 1, 2-DMN.
The isomerization as well as other reactions was accelerated by the addition of CF, SO, H. The use of ZnCl2 instead of A1Cl3 resulted in no reaction.
When heated at 120° C for 2 hr in the standard melt, 2, 3-DMN and 2, 6-DMN gave the respective tars, the NMR spectra of which were almost coincident each other, and by the same way an equimolar mixture of 2-MMN and 2, 3, 6-TMN gave a tar, the NMR spectrum of which was closely similar to the above ones.

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Products and mechanisms on the pyrolysis of dichlorodifluoromethane with ethane or hydrogen in the presence of excess of superheated steam has been investigated.
The reaction was carried out under atmospheric pressure by a flow method in a tank type quartz reactor. Range of reaction conditions employed were in the temperature 700-810° C, the residence time 0.05-4.6 sec, the molar ratio of ethane or hydrogen to dichlorodifluoro- methane 0.1-6, and the steam concentration 30-90%. Major products obtained by the pyrolysis were 1, 1-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, chlorodifluoromethane, and difluoromethane. Furthermore, 1-fluoroethylene, ethylene, hexafluoropropene, and a few unidentified products were obtained as minor products.
The initial product in the pyrolysis of dichlorodifluoromethane with ethane or hydrogen was chlorodifluoromethane formed by the reduction of dichlorodifluoromethane. Formation of the other products is explicable by assuming that the reaction proceeds via: CF2 which would be formed by the pyrolysis of chlorodifluoromethane.

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Two new compounds, dimethyltin bis(0-thioacetate) (MTTA) and dimethyltin bis(0- thiobenzoate) (MTTB), were synthesized. They can initiate the polymerization of vinyl monomers, e. g., methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile, in the presence of an aqueous solution of FeCl₁ or CuCl₂. The polymerization was found to proceed mainly in an aqueous phase and in terms of a free-radical mechanism.

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The silica reinforcement of polyureaurethane elastomers from poly (oxytetramethylene) glycol (PTMG), tolylene diisocyanate, and 3, 3'-dichloro-4, 4'-diaminodiphenylmethane was investigated. Added silica had a much more effect on the tear energy of the elastomers, 1', than on other mechanical properties; 1' increased 2-7 times by loading 20-40 phr of silica, while the tensile strength at break TB rather decreased and the elongation at break ceB somewhat increased. In addition, it was found that was greatly affected by 1, 1d, the ratio of chain length between adjacent physical crosslinks to diameter of a silica particle, and that 1pld was required to be larger than 3 in order to get a marked inprovement of I' by added silica.
On the other hand, r, TB, and oB had much less values at 60 phr loading, where retardation of chain extention reaction by added silica is probably prominent.10% modulus M10 was compared with the theoretical M10 predicted from the Smallwood equation. The former was smaller than the latter, indicating that the amorphous part of hard segments consisting of substituted urea and urethane groups was partly disturbed. The crystalline part, however, was found not to be disordered according to results of the DSC measurement that the heat of fusion for the crystalline part from 180-210° C remained unchanged within experimental error. Results in creep and swelling tests showed that the bond between silica and PTMG was probably weak.

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Interactions between carbon blacks and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene liquid rubber (HTPB) were investigated. Broad line NMR measurements showed that HCC black of the smallest diameter had the most marked interaction. Carbon blacks of the grades from SAF to SRF blacks also showed interactions which were not greatly affected by big difference in diameters between them. Similar results were found by spin-spin relexation time T2 from pulsed NMR measurements the ratios of T, (70) to T2 (0) (the value in the parenthesis means carbon black loading (phr)) were 50, 47, and 65-73% for HCC, neutralized HCC(N) and SAFRF blacks, respectively. The same measurements showed that the amount of the rigid rubber, which was highly restricted in molecular motion by fillers, was 9, 7, and 0% for the above-mentioned fillers, respectively.
Comparison of these results with the amount of bound rubber, which showed 20, 6, and 0-2% for the same carbon blacks, suggests that rigid rubber for HCC (N) arised from strong physical adsorption, whereas rigid rubber for HCC arised from the bonds between OH groups of HTPB and acidic groups on the surface of the fillers. It was also found that in order to get a sufficient amount of bound rubber the molecular weight of HTPB should be larger than 36000.

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Carbon black reinforcement of polyureaurethane elastomers from hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene liquid rubber (HTPB), tolylene diisocyanate, and 3, 3'-dichloro-4, 4'-diaminodiphenylmethane was investigated. In the carbon black unloaded elastomers, it was found that chemical crosslink density vo was the important factor affecting tear energy r, in particular, tensile strength at break TB, and elongation at break aB and that vc should be smaller than 0.3 x molicm8 to obtain the large values of the properties described above. In order to keep v smaller than 0.3x 10-4 mol/cm3 HTPB was required to have a functionality nearly equal to 2.0 and to be purified to remove metal ion which caused crosslinks.
In the loaded elastomers, HCC(N) and SAF blacks having small diameters showed exellent reinforcing effect, but the effect depended on v, ; in the case of vo 0.3 x 10-4 mol/cms, increased 2, -, 7 times by loading 30 phr of HCC(N) or SAF black, though TB hardly increased, since TB for the corresponding unloaded elastomers had been large enough. On the other hand, in the case of vo 0.3 x 10-4 molicms, TB was improved to about the same level of TB for the, elastomers having vo smaller than 0.3 X 10-4 molicm8, r, however, being left unimproved. Also the reinforcing effect by carbon black was compared with that by silica. The carbon black gave better r and TB than silica, implying that the affinity of fillers and HTPB was the another important factor to be considered.

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The reaction of chlorine dioxide (ClO^2-) with phenol in an aqueous solution was studied and the products formed by this reaction, mainly chlorophenols, were separated and determined by 'gas chromatography.
In an acidic solution, o- and p-chlorophenol formed in this reaction, but further chlorinated phenols were not detected. The concentrations of these monochlorophenols became maximum when the initial molar ratio ([Cl00] [Phenol]) was O.6 and they were not detected when the initial molar ratio was above 1.2. The maximum yields of o- and p-chlorophenol were ca.2% and 8%, respectively (Fig.2). These results quite differ from that of the reaction between chlorine and phenol (Fig.11). Other product also formed in a small amount. The formation of dichlorocyclohexenone was suggested by GC-MS method (Fig.3)
. In a basic solution, the amount of chlorine dioxide necessary to extinguish a phenol became larger than that in an acidic solution and a small amount of 2, 4- and 2, 6-dichlorophenol together with monochlorophenols formed. The maximum yields of 2, 4- and 2, 6-dichlorophenol were ca. O.3% and 0.1%, respectively (Fig.4).
It was concluded from the above results, that when a chlorine dioxide is used in the treatment of water containing phenol, taste and odor of chlorophenols are scarcely perceived.

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The removal of chromium(VI) from the solution in terms of adsorption on coprecipitated silica-titania gel, prepared by homogeneous precipitation method, was investigated in a batchwise operation. Temperatire effect on adsorption, recovery of chromium from diluted solution, selective adsorption, and effect of various alkali-treatments of adsorbent were discussed.
As an adsorptive ability of a NaOH-treated adsorbent scarecely changed at temperatures 20-60° C, the adsorption was presumed to be due to both physical and chemical adsorptions. It was proved that the size and shape of micropore of the adsorbent more contributed to the adsorptive behavior than the surface area, when concerning with the surface characteristics. A more 90% of chromium(VI) was selectively removed at lOwer pH than 2, and a 45-85% of all metal ions were simultaneously removed by this adsorbent at pH 3-10 from the mixed solution containing 10 ppm chromium E, 1 ppm cadmium(VI), and 1 ppm zinc(II). Moreover, it was possible to concentrate efficiently the solution containing 10 ppm chromium(VI) to that containing 450 ppm chromium(VI) by adsorption and elution.
The Ba(OH)2 -treated adsorbent showed the significant removal of chromium(VI) at initial pH 2-.40. In this case, amount of adsorption and equilibrium concentration obeyed Freundlichtype adsorption isotherm, x= K. c, where K= 17.4 and 1/n=0.14. The amount of adsorption was 17 mg Cr/g at 1 ppm of equilibrium concentration. Despite this value was greater by a factor of 8.5 than that of a NaOH-treated adsorbent2, the elution and regeneration of the adsorbent presented difficulty.

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The selective sorption of metal ions onto diaminocellulose (DAC) containing amino and hydroxyl groups and forming metal chelates, was investigated. DAC was prepared from cotton by the method shown in the previous report. Generally, DAC showed an excellent sorption ability toward various metal ions, e. g., Ag+ and Hg²⁺ in a neutral or slightly alkaline solution, and toward Fe+ ion in an acidic solution. DAC showed superior selective sorption of Fe, Hg²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ag+, Co²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions when the selection of the sorption conditions, e. g., pH of these solutions and sorption time, was appropriate. The sorbed metal ions could be eluted easily from DAC by washing them with aqueous acidic solution and the refreshed DAC could be used repeatedly for the sorption of metal ions.

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The volatilization rate of mercury dissolved in water and its relating factors were studied both experimentally and theoretically. Mercury, formed by reducing dilute mercury (II) solution with reductants, volatilized by aerating under semi-batch operating conditions. The concentration of mercury vapor volatilized from a solution to gas phase was continuously measured by a cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The experimental results were found to express in terms of the following volatilization rate equation, theoretically obtained by assuming mass transfer rate-determining:
where, Co, CL: mercury concentrations at the beginning and after the lapse of time, respectively, K: volatilization rate constant, t: volatilization time, KLo, : over-all liquid phase volumetric transfer coefficient, H: Henry's constant, q: gas flow rate per solution volume.
Mercury was found to volatilize readily upon air-agitation, and its volatilization rate depended on gas-liquid mixing conditions and temperature. Henry's constant, Hg(gas) Hg(aq), was measured between 19° and 45° C, and found to be (9.80.5) x10-3 (m3. atmimol) at 25° C.

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Adsorption of organomercury compound on a soil was studied by using an aqueous solution of CH₃HgCl at 15-30° C. The adsorptive ability of soil toward CH₃HgCl was discussed in terms of instability partition coefficient, Kos, which is defined by the following equation:
ICl55= (ggf ml of CH₃HgCl in a solution)/(2g/g of CH₃HgCl in an adsorbent)
The reciprocal of KING shows a degree of adsorption of CH₃HgCl on an adsorbent. In order to investigate the species adsorbed on a soil, the dissociation constant of CH₃HgCl in an aqueous solution was determined by means of electrolytic conductivity measurements at 10-30° C. The following results were obtained:
1) The adsorption data were expressed well by the Freundlich isotherms and Kit's at the initial CH₃HgCl concentration of 0.01, 0.10, 1.0 or 10 me at 25° C was determined to be 4.0 X 10-s, 4.5 X 10-8, 6.3 x 10-3 or 1.2 x 10-2, respectively.
2) The adsorptive ability of soil toward CH₃HgCl decreased with increasing initial CH₃HgCl concentration or reaction temperature.
3) In the presence of NaCl(3%), adsorption of CH₃HgCl on a soil was not found, but in the presence of NaNO₃ the amount of CH₃HgCl adsorbed the same as in the absence it.
4) The equivalent conductivity at infinite dilution and the dissociation constant K of CH₃HgCl in an aqueous solution at 25° C were 244 S cm²o1-1, and 1.62 x 10-5 mol/l, respectively. The endothermic heat of dissociation was 6.75 kcal/mol. The dissociation degree, calculated from the dissociation constant, showed that CH₃HgCl almost dissociated in such an extremely diluted solution as 0.01 ppm at ordinary temperature.
On the basis of these results, it was estimated that the species adsorbed on a soil was not CH8HgCl, but CHallg+.

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Titanium (IV) complexes formed by the reaction of titanium tetraalkoxide with citric, tartaric, and lactic acids can be used as photosensitive materials for vesicular image formation. This report deals with the formation of vesicular image in terms of titanium(IV) citrate and its mechanism.
The vesicular image was obtained by exposing it to ultraviolet light and then heating it. Infrared spectral data indicated that titanium(IV) citrate in polyacrylamide film decomposed to generate CO₂ upon exposure to ultraviolet light. This fact suggested that the vesicular image is due to a generated CO, gas.

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A powdered mixture of carbon monofluoride and copper were exploded in an autoclave of steel by triggering a shock-wave from outside. The explosion products were treated with aqua regia and the residual white powder was examined by an electron diffraction analysis. The crystallites of the size up to 100A were identified as diamond.

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C-Carboxylic acids were obtained in fairly good yields by the palladium complex-catalyzed reaction of CO, and butadiene in the presence of PhONa. The yields of C. -carboxylic acids were much higher than those obtained in the reaction carried out in the absence of PhONa. As catalysts, palladium-monodentate phosphine complexes such as (Ph. P), Pd were effective. When palladium acetate without phosphine ligand was used as a catalyst the oligomerization of butadiene proceeded, and carboxylated products could not be obtained suggesting that phosphine plays an important role in the insertion of CO.

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Luminescence of hydrazides derivatives containing rare earth elements was measured. These derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of hydrazides, prepared from arylamine and pyperazine, with terephthalic chloride, isophthalic chloride, 1, 2, 3, 4-benzenetetracarboxylic acid, and pyromellitic dianhydride. When the hydrazide derivative synthesized from pyperazine dihydrazide and 1, 2, 3, 4-benzenetetracarboxylic acid was exposed to ultraviolet light of 365 nm, the containing rare earth element such as terbium or europium quenched the original lumines- cence at 437 nm, but the luminescence of terbium or europium itself increased. The phenomena were remarkable at pH 7-8.5. It may be considered that this phenomenon is related to energy transfer from the organic compound to terbium or europium.

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Thermo-decomposition reaction of fenchyl acetate [ 1 ], isobornyl acetate [ 2 ], geranyl acetate [3], or citronellyl acetate [4] in an inorganic mixed fused salt was carried out. Cyclofenchene [ 5 ]and a-fenchene [6] were obtained from [1]. Under particular conditions, the [ 5 ]/ [ 6 ]ratio was 91: 9. Tricyclene[7], camphene [ 8 ], and bornylene [9] were obtained as three main products from [2]. Especially, was obtained in the highest yield (37%, the highest value) among the reaction products. Dihydromyrcene [14] and occimene [l5] were obtained as two main products from [3] and [4]. Particularly from 4 J, [15] was obtained in the highest yield (ca.70%, the highest value) among the isomerization products.

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