All of the phosphorescence spectra of acenaphthenequinone observed in various crystalline solutions at 77 K were assigned to rr, n spectra on the basis of their short lifetimes (12, v16msec), vibratienal structures, and solvent effects, Sharp phosphorescence bands were observ, ed in n-paraffins. In n-hexane two phosphorescence bands which were close to eaeh other the distance between them is ca, 180 cm-i were Qbserved while in n-heptane Qnly a band cQrresponding to the sherter-wavelength band appeared in n-hexane was observed. According to the rules of the Shpol skii effect, these results suggest that the shorter- and longer-wavelength bands are due to the acenaphthenequinone mo1ecules arranged in the n-hexane crystals with their symmetry axis being parallel to and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the planar zig-zag form of n-hexane molecules, respectively. Phesphorescence spectra in t dioxane and carbon tetrachloride showed large blue-shifts (ca.11OO and 700 cm-i, respectively) relative to those in n-parathns and the bands were broad, owing to strong charge-transfer interactions between acenaphthenequincne and the selvents (carbon tetrachloride is the a-acceptor).

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F. r a the. retical treatment, f excess ultras, nie abs, rpti, n due t, critica uctuation, lhe reported that, the ftequency dependence of sound absorptien coefficient predicted by Fixman was appropriate to compare it quantitatively with the experimental data.
In his study, the frequency dependence of sound absorption coellfieient was determined concerning critical binary mixtures above critical temperature. As the comparison of the relaxationr parameter (arialyzed by the Fixman theory) in critical binary aqueous mixture with that in non-aqueous mixture was of interest, the five systems (acetnitrile-water, triethylaminer water, diethylenglycoldiethylether-water, n-hexane-nitrobenzene and n-octane-nitrobenzene) were prepared.
As the experimental results on the above systems supported the Fixman prediction, they were analyzed in terms of the Fixman theory, The results of relaxation parameter (in Table 2)sh, wed that the characteristic frequency due t, the decay rate of ctuati, n in critical binary aqueous mixtures was smaller than that in non-aqueous mixtures. These results were also supperted by the molecular parameter (in Table 4) based on the temperature dependence of sound absorption.

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Oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexane was investigated at 180. v2900C over several kinds of X, Y and mordenite type zeolites of which Na were ion exchanged with transition metal ions. The: metal ions employed in this study were Cr(III), Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(III), Cu(1), Cu(III)and Tl(1). This reaction was observed over Na and Cq type Y zeolite catalysts, but carbon. dioxide was fermed in preference to cyclohexene or benzene. Oxidative dehydrogenation was.., . accelerated by exchange with the transition metal ions, especially by Fe(III), which were found to adsorb oxygen. The catalysts exchanged with the other metal ions showed a similar catalytic action as of Na type Y zeolite with rather lower activity. A pretty good selectivity with respect to partial dehydrogenatfon of cyclohexane to cyclohexene was obtained, in the presence of steam, over X and Y type zeolites exchanged with Fe(III)io s. Mordenite catalysts showed no catalytic activity for this reaction. The Fe(II)X catalyst was the most excellent of all catalysts used in this study, and the selectivity for dehydrogenation of cyclohexane to cyclohexene and benzene was increased with an increase in the degree of ion exchange, while combustion reaction was decreased.

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Binding of gold(III)ions by gelatin as well as its reduction was studied by measuring the absorption spectrum of AuCl W (A. a. =314 nm) in the presence of gelatin.
Carboxyl and amino groups of gelatin were blocked chemically by methylation and acetylation, respectively, and methionine rcsidue was oxidized by hydrogen peroxide. The effects of the modified gelatin and several amino acids on the absorption spectrum of AuC14- suggest that the functional groups of gelati reacted with gold(III)io ns, The formation of gold(III)gelatinate was suggested from equilibrium dialysis.
It was concluded that at low concentration of gelatin. gold(III)ions were bound by histidine, methionine, aspartic acid or glutamic acid residue and the binding included chelate formation.
Titration of gold(III)ions with gelatin and oxidized gelatin showed that gold(III)ions were reduced by methionine and other reducing groups at high concentration of gelatin, and the end point was roughly equal to the sum of..1. T gtljionin. e and. tyrgsine coRtents. ln. gglatin, Analysis ofamino acid in gelatin oxidized by gold(III)ions showed a decrease n methionine and tyrosine C in, dicating reductio: n of gold(III)ions by these residues,

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Standard oxidation potentials and anodic half-waves potentials of eleven para substituted derivatives of both aniline and anisble have been determined by means of ordinary dc polaro graphy with a rotating platinum electrode and potential step method. Apparent rate constants for the eleetron transfer in the e1ectrooxidation have also been determined.
The following results were obtained.
1) The standard oxidation potentials determined by means of potential step method were close (within 120 mV, mostly) to the polarographic half-wave potentia for all compounds studied. Accordingly, similar linear correlations were found fer the two petentials with either MO energy or substituent constants.
2) ln the ease of aniline derivatives, the plots of the two potentials against the Brownnkamoto, s constant(showed a straight line with less deviation than the corresponding plots using the Hammett's constant (a). When anisole derivatives were examined, the plots u. sing des s-howed two straight lines with different slopes. Compounds whose points in the above plots fall on the straight line having a smaller slope are considered to. be. oxidizeq with gimultaneous two electrons transfer, and the other compounds are oxidized with one electron transfer. Howeve, the reaction constant, p, was unchanged for the two groups of compounds.
3) Apparent rate constants for the oxidation of aniline derivatives decreased slightly with incieasd of the substituent constant. For anisole derivatives, although points were scattered, there is a definite tendency that a compound having a group of large positive a value is oxidized with slower rate.

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athodic current-potential curves were measured for platinium in concentrated chromic acid solutions with and without addition of sulfuric acid. Each measurement was started with a clean platinium surface and the current was recorded at a certain period of time after applying a constant cathodb potential. The current-potential curves obtained for the solution containing sulfate ion were characterized by the existence of four current waves of I, Ir, and N appearing respectively at around.15 O.3, -0.8 and-1. O V(vs. SCE). The wave: n: was absent fer the solution free from sulfate ion. The partial currents for electrode reactions as we 1 as the amount and the composition of surface deposits were determined as function of the cathode potential, by means of chemical analyses. For the solution containing sulfuric acid, reactions corresponding to the waves of H:, III and IV were found to be(Cr(N) Cr(III), q, H+ H2), Cr(V[] Cr(III). q, H+ H2, Cr(W) Cr(0)*)and(Cr(W) Cr(III)aq, H+ H2, Cr(V))Cr(O)-j, respectively. Reactions marked with asterisks started in the descending part of the waves. Formation of Cr(III)aq was: not observed at any waves for the solution free from sulfate ion. The surface of the specimen was covered with a thin layer of hydrous chromic oxides containing chromate and sulfate ions, the thickness of which being increased with the lowering. of potent al and decreasing of sulfate concentration. The black chromium films fgrmed in the solution free from sulfate ion were composed of hydrous chromic oxides, metallic chromium and crystalline chromic oxide. The polarization characteristics and the mechanism of deposition of chromium were discussed in detail based upon these findings.

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The dehydfation process of Cu(OH)₂ under the atmosphere of CO2, . N2, air, and the thermal property of the dehydration material CuO were investigated in detail by means of DTA, DSC, X-ray diffractometry and specific surface area measurement.
The following procecess was considered to occur during the thermal decomposition of Cu(OH)₂ under 1 atm.
(a) Cu(OH)₂ ptCuO + H20 t 157eC aH=11.4-kc al. /. mAol
(b) The cr y stallizatien ef the dehydration material CuO.200-1000C
(c) 2Cuo aF==Cu20 + 1/202 t 1014C
(d) c., o(s) pt Cu, O(L) 1176C
The particle size of the sample during the de. hydration process(a) was the minimum value 44A at 9A8%. dehydration and t. hen increased to 52 A at 100%. ndehydration. Further the particle size, fCuO I creased to 635Aat 950, C dg the crystallizati. n pr, cess(b).

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The reaction products from CeO2 and WOs were studied by quenching method and TG-DTA in air, oxygen and argon(Pe, =10 g atm) atmospheres at 650. v1400eC. Two new binary oxides, 2Ce20segWOs and Ce2Q3e2WOs, were found in addition to well--known Ce20se3 WO3. Their X-ray powder fraction pattems, chemical and mag etic properties, a d melting points and transition points were studied. The mp were 1026 10oC for 2Ce203.9 WO8, 1070 10. C for Ce203.3WO8, and 1395 10. C for Ce203, 2WO8. Ce203, 3WO8 and Ce303.2WO3 had the reversible tra sition point at 1005 10. C and 1105 10. C, respectively,
Different products were obtained accerding to atmospheres and temperatures, even if same reactants were used, That is, Ce20s e 2 WOs was not stable and decomposed to Ce20se3WOs and CeO2 in air and oxygen, or in argon below 7900C, and Ce203.3WO3 was also unstable and decomposed to 2 Ce20s e g WO3 and CeO2 in air below 830 C, or in oxygen below 8900C. These results show that the preparation and decompositison of these compounds can be represented by the following equilibrium reactions,
4CeO2 9WOs=2Ce20s.9WOs +O2 (1)
4CeOa +2(2 Ce20s.9 WOs)=6(Ce20s.3 WOs) + 02 (2)
4CeO2 + 4(Ce20s e 3 WO3)=6(Ce20s, 2 WOs) + 02 (3)
The phase relation for these equations in the equilibrium oxgen pressures was determined. The stable region o f each compound was shown in Po2-T diagram.

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Monoclinic ZrO2 single crysta1s were grown from the fluxed melt of 22 wt fe 5 ZrO2 and 78 wt%o Na3AIFe by slow cooling under the evaporation of the flux components.
A starting mixt e was placed in a 100ml platinum crucible. After maintaining it in the range of temperatures from 1010 to 1080eC, it was cooled at a constant rate from 1 to 10eC/hr, ZrO2 single crystals were fouhd in the growth at a higher te pe: rature and a faster cooling rate. When ai r-coQled from 1024 C at the rate of about 2000C/hr, only small ZrO2 single crystals were obtaiped.
Many of monoclinic ZrO2 single ctystals grown were of tabular form which was generally bounded by {100}, {110} and. {111} faces and their maximum size was 6.7x4.0x1.4 mmS, Some of them were twins on par allel growths. Crystals were shown to be very pure by spectroscopic analyses, and also had few cavities.
The amount, of evaporqt. ion from the fuxed melt was about 7, 5g/day (10500C), depending upon a sectional area of the crucible.
Many crystals showed growth hills similar to an acorn, a rhomb and a circle in shape on {100}, {OIO} and {111} surfaces, respectively.
Etching of ZrO2 crystals was made with a hot 46% HF etchant. The etch pits resulting from a several hours etch were, slender hexagonal and these from a long hours etch were rhombic on {100} surfaces.

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A spectroph. tometric meth, d for the. deter inati, nof small am, unts. f anth aquinone in anthracene basedon the color developme t with alkali hydroxide solution of sodium hydrosulfite has beestudied, Anthracene in xylene was gradually oxidized. This oxidation which caused an error during the determination could be prevented by the addition of p-methoxyphenol in xylene. The recommended analytical procedure is as follows.
About 50 mg of the sample is weighed into 50mZ separatig funnel and dissoled ih 10ml of x lene co: ntai: ning 10 mg of P- net: hoxypheno1. Three hundred illig amsof sodium hydro. sulfitb and loml of O.5m 111 sodiu: m hydroxide solution are added. The airin the funnd is replaced with nitrogen, The mixture is, Warmed at 40 for 10 mi tes and shaken, su ciently for 15 min, utes. The absor: banceof colored aqueous phase is m, easured at 500 nm, 4gainst the reagent blan: k. By this et od, 'ant: hraquinone in anthracene could be. determiried as far as o, 02%This meth. d was nQt interfered with the presenceof impurities, Shless the amounts was so large.

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8-Hydroxy-5-quinolinesulfonic acid (H2QS) reacted with Zn(il)in the presence of zephiramine (Z r, tetradecy1-dimethy1-benzy1-ammonium chloride)to form a temary complex of yellow coloratien, having an absorption maximum at 395 nm in chloroform. The extractability ef the complex into chloroform was 99.83% at pH 8.5, Nt9, 2. The solutions of 2.63. v52.6 ptg of zinc in 10 ml chloroform obeyed Beers law and the molar absorp, tivity was 1.16x10 cmwi. mol-I l and the sensitivity for O. OO1 of abserbance was O.0056 ptg/cm2.
The composition of the extraeted species, a kind of self adduct. complex, was esti: mated to Vbe [Zn2 (QS2-wtZ)tii(Z QS2irZ)]6S Vin the case of a iarge excess ef zephiramine, and [Zn2 (QS2-Z)2e (HQs-Z)]. in. the case of a small excess of it. The logarithm of the equilibrium constant K for the reaction shown by eqns. (3), -v(5) was found to be; log K=25.40 O.09...

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The wave height of a potential controlled high-frequency (hf) pblar ograph is greatly decreased by the series resistance of the electrolysis system.
To clarify this phenomenon the total impedance of the electrolysis system is estimated in the absence of electrode process by measuring and induced hf amplitude (ref.18) and a hf runnMg current.
The insertion of the corresponding series resistance from outside had a same effect on the wave height as the change of the sak concentration, Consequently, it was clarified experimentally that the effect of electrolyte concentration on the wave height was mainly due to the solution resistance of supporting electrolyte.
A mutual relationship among the wave height, the solution resistance and the induced hf amplitude was investigated for three systems which gave the best typical shape of the hf polarographic wave.
From Table 1, it is presumed that the wave height is not merely proportional to the square of the induced hf amplitude as shown in eq. (2), (3). Hence, a new factor xvith regard to the solution resistance should be considered.
It is also presumed that the wave height is inversely Proportional to the square of the solution resistanee as show in eq. (2),

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The liquid chromqtographic behavior of mono, terpenoids qn porous polymer (Hitachi gel #3010) was investigated in methanol or n-hexane. Both varibus kinds of column sizes and flow rates of the solvent were examined, and the excellent mutual separation of monoterpenoids was obtained by using column 50 cm x g mm and flow rate 60 ml/hr in methanol.
Based upon the above eondition, alcehols, carbonyl compounds and hydrocarbonds of monoter penoids could be separated satisfactory, in each case.

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In the quantitative artalysis by gas chromatograph y, errors are occasionaly introduced, in the counts of the electronic digital integrator when a recorder pen deflects to full scale due to an excess imput signal.
In case ef a therma-1 conductivity detector, the voltage drop of the circuit due to off-balance current of the recorder makes trouble and maximum counting error caused by this origin reaches to O.8%o in a experiment using Shimadzu GC-1 C gas chromatograph.
Resistances are added between A A in some thermal conductivity circuit as shown in Fig.2, in order not to alter the source impedance When attenuator-setting Lis ch. anged. ln. this case, if the conneetion from A A t to the integrator should be don e by mistake, a serious counting error amounting up to 10% in the worst case will be involved by the voltage drop at the resigtance (Fig, 3). Connection to an integrator should be done from the terminal A A''.
In case of a flame ionization detector, also, high signal voltage sometimes causes counting error in integrator, as shown in Table 1 by electrometer voltage drop due to excess current through the attenuator resistance (Fig.4) when the attenuator is positioned over its extreme.

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The photoreactiolt of oxalyl chloride with cyclohexene was studied under irradiation of ultraviolet light by using a 100 W high pressure mercury lamp at room temperature. The acid chlorides produced were treated with absolute ethanol and the products were separated by gas chromatographic technique. Ethyl trans-2-chloro-cyclohexane-1-carboxylate, ethyl cis2-chloro-cyclohexane-1-carboxylate and 1-ethoxalylcyclohexene were obtained as main products. This result was quite different from that obtained by peroxiae-catalyzed reaction. In order to elucidate the mechanism, the absorption spectra of the oxalyl chloride-cyclohexene mixture were measured by the method of continuous variation, and the photoreactions were allowed to occur, changing mele fraction of oxaiyl chloride, solvents and their polarity. It was found that the new band due to chargq-transfer complex appeared at 293 nm, and that the complex played an important role in this photoreaction. Furthermore, the mechanism of the formation of 1-ethoxalyl-cyclohexene was discu gsed in terms ef the results of the reactions between oxalyl chloride and 1-methylcyclohexene or phenylacetylene. It was assumed that the cisaddition of oxaiyl chloride to cyclohexene occurred, followed by the trans-elimination of hydrogen chloride from the adduct. Therefore, it was proposed that the photoreaction occurred with the stereospecific cis-addition which was caused by the charge-transfer complexing.

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Polychlorinated biphenyl(PCB)was photolyzed in both neutral and alkaline 2-propanol under nitrogen atomosphere by using a 100Whigh pressure mercury lamp. In the absence of alkali, PCB was dechlorinated very slowly. Whereas the addition of sodium hydroxide considerably increased the rate of dechlorination.
Nearly the same amount of acetone and the same amount of chloride ion as the chlorine contents in PCB as well as the same amount of biphenyl as that in-PCB, and a trace amount of pinacol were produced in the alkaline irradiated solution, and it. was presumed that a basecatalyzed chain reaction proposed by Sherman et al. occurred in this alkaline solution.
In the solution, trace of 2-Chlorobiphenyl, 2, 2 -dichlorobipheny1, 2, 6, 21-trichlorobiphehyl were also detected. It suggested that biphenyls chlorinated in 2, 6 and 2/position were scarcely decomposed by UV-irradiation.
Dechlorination of PCB was also observed in various alkali alcoholic solution. In primary alcohol, yields of chloride ion were generally much lower in 2-propanol Relatively high yield was observed in such secondary alcohol as 2-butanol, Possessing an active hydrogen in -position.
The reaction was slightly and strongly retarded by O.5wt%and more than 1.5wt% of water added to the solution, respectively.

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As to synthesis of sec-butyltoluene(SBT) giving the para isomer selectively by alkylation of toluene with 1-butene, the suitable catalysts and optical conditions have been investigated. In this paper, the experimental results of liquid phase reaction utilizing seme Friedel-Crafts catalysts (phosphorus pentoxide, metal halides and so on) are presented.
Since the SBT isomers have not been completely identified in previous reports, each one was prepared from the corresponding isomer of brometoluene and was used to identify the reaction products.
It was found that phospherus pentoxide gave the para isomer in higher selectivity than the other catalysts. Yields of SBT based on charged 1-butene were 85N90%e and a distribution of the isomer (p-: m-: o-) was 56: 17: 27, when charged molar ratios of toluene, phosphorus pentoxide and 1-butene were 6, O.21 and O.56 at 100Av1200C, respectively. Under these conditions the reaction rate was found to be pseudo-first erder with respect to 1-butene ancl the specific reaction rate was 7800 exp(-9950/R T) min-1.
From the result of isomer distributions and anhydrous reaction condition, it might be concluded that the reaction proceeds both through the carbonium ion mechanism with a trace of water and through a mechanism containing direct, coordination cemplexes between 1-butene and the catalyst.

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Allyl diphenyl phosphate(ADP) reacted with a large excess of aromatic compounds possessing electron donating group in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate under mild experimental conditions to give selectively the corresponding monoallylated compounds in 4O-?. -6O % yields. Electron deficient or hindered aromatic compounds such as acetophenone, nitrobenzene and 1, 3, 5-tri-t-butylbenzene were unsusceptible to allylation under these conditions.
Reaction of benzene with ADP in the presence of aluminium chloride in place of boron trifluoride at room temperature did not give allylhenzene but a 2: 3 mixture of 1, 1- and 1, 2diphenylpropanes (11.2%). These products might be formed lhrough allylbenzene, because treatment of allylbenzene with aluminium chloride in benzene gave a similar mixture of diphenyipropanes.

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The reaction of acetonitrile with p-anisaldehyde was studied in detail. In EtOH, the protic polar solvent, no reaction occurred, but in such aprotic polar solvents as DMF, HMPA or THF the reaction rapidly proceeded to give 2-cyano-1- (4-methoxyphenyl) -1-hydroxyethane 12 c13 and 4-methoxycinnamic nitrile 1113 cli in the total yield of 87- 95%. The yields of 1112 c13 and 13 c13 were found to be remarkably influenced by the reaction temperature and solvent.
Furthermore, a prolonged treatment of acetonitrile with substituted benzaldehydes 11 all-. -fill eli under similar conditions was found to give I -hydroxy-I3-phenylpropionitrile derivatives 111213 or cinnamic nitrile derivatives 11313. The yields of 1211 and 1311 were influenced by the substituents. It was found that as electron-repelling character of the substituent, except in the case of 2, 4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde 11 dli, increased, the yield of 1213 decreased and the yield of 1313 increased.

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Preparation of aromatic compounds carrying heptafluoroisopropyl group was investigated,
Substituted iodobenzenes and ev- and B-iodonaphthalenes in dimethylformamide were allowed to react with 2-iodoheptafluoropropane in the presence of copper. lodobenzenes substituted with electron attractive groups, such qs e- and P nitro, o methoxycarbonyl and o-fluoro, gave considerable amounts of biaryls, and the yields of the desired products were low. ln the c of i, d. t. luenc 9 19c9 aphthalene then rates for hepta or. is, pr, p ati. n w slow, which was assumed to have resulted from the steric effect,
o-Diiodobenzene gave compound (7), while m- or p-isomer gave the corresponding bis(heptafluoroisepropyl)benzene

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The porous structure of active carbon prepared by the steam activatibn of Australian bituminous coal char at 800. -v900eC was studied b. y measuring specific surface area and pore size distribution. Bituminous coal used was Moura, Big Ben and Black Water.
The specific surface area and the decolorizing power for methylene blue (JIS) of active carbon were 700. v950 m2/g and 160 v190 ml/g, respectively, in the case of 60- 70% weight loss. Under low relative pressures, low-activated coal char adserbed more water than highactivated one. However, u high relative pressures, the reverse was true for the-wa- adsorption capacities of active. carbon (Fig.6).
The effect of activation temperature en micro-pore volume (r-fs 16 A) was negligible when micro-pore volume was compared in the case of the same weaight loss, Active carbons prepared at 9000C have larger transitional-pore volume (16srs.1000 A)-C macro-pore volume (r; 10 OO A)and wider pores, within the pore radius of g to loo A, than those pM at soboc, , in th6case of the same weight loss (Fig.7, 9).

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When an alcohol was diluted with inert solvents, the rate constant of autoxidation, k, /(2 k, )V2, considerably increased. The rate of autoxidatien-was r-emarkably decreasgd dip the pr-esence of water or mbthanol, suggesting that the hydrogen absgractiop s-tep was- r eta-rded by the formation of hydrogen-bond ng VbMetweeMn the peroxy -radicals fro. m. alcohgls and hydroxy compo. upds. on the VotherW hand, the Wrate of autoxidation of aropaaaticd h droc. arbo4s yvas. ngt depressed by -water on methanol. was concluded that water or alcohols deactivated the hydroperoxy or hydroxyP6-r5x y radicals due to hydrogen-bonding but not due to alkyl-peroxy radicals.

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The reactions of the methyl esters of Cs, 12 fatty acides with ethylenediamine in ethanol were studied. Besides the N-substituted amides, interesterfication products were obtained. As the ratio of ethylenediami to the esters increased, the amount of the N-substituted amide formed increased in greater extent than that of interesterfication products,
N, N -Diacylethylenediamine was removed from the product mixture by crystallization from ethanol solution. N-Acylethylenediamine was isolated by crystallization from n-hexane solution of the material recovered from the mether liquor,
It was found. that, by heating, N-Acylethylenediamine was converted easily into 2-alkyl-4, 5dihydreimidazole.

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Several new types of nonionics have been prepared by polyaddition of ethylene oxide(EO) to homologous series of higher alkylethers of pentaerythritol with a general formula, (ROCH2). e C(CH20H)4. (x=1-v3, R=n-C3, -vn-Ci6). Cloud point(Cp), aqueous surface tension (rcMe) and CMC of these nonionics were compared with those of conventional nonionics, in order to clarify the effects of the rnulti-chain structure and the polyether type joint group.
(1) Within a series of nonionics with the same HLBd (Davies s HLB value), higher homologues showed higher Cp.
(2) When the number of alkyl chain in the hydrophobe consisting of a given number of total carbon (N) increased, Cp and 7cMd lowered and CMC increased in general. But the difference in 7cMc and CMC was little between dialkyl and trialkyl series. No significant difference in TcMc was observed among trialkyl homologues of R=C3. vC6.
(3) Plots of log CMC vs. N for monoalkyl nonionics gave a straight line, whereas a concave curve was found for polyalkyl, especially for trialkyl series.
(4) No apparent contribution of ether oxygen in the joint group to the hydration was observed.
(5) As for the series containing the hydrophile of multi-chain structure, it was found that (1) Cp was considerably lower than that expected from the HLBct, (2) log CMC decreased linearly with increasing mole number of EO(m), (3) the slope of log CMC-m line was more steep along with the higher R and the larger the number of POE chain.
These results were discussed from a viewpoint of configuration and hydration of POE chains in nonionics.

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A systematic separation of fatty compounds in raw lanolin was carried out and the carbon chain distribution of n-, iso- and anteiso-components in each fatty compound was described. First, a sample was separated into 3 groups; hydrocarbon, free acid containing acidic ester, and neutral ester, and then free acid and neutral ester were further separated into combined fatty acids, hydroxy acids and fatty alcohols. The urea column chrornatography for the separation of fatty alcohols and sterols was used in addition to the systematic separatibn method of wax eonstituents which had been described in the previous paper. These isolated fatty compounds were characterized by IR, TLC, GC and partly by GC-MS.
The carbon chain distribution of fatty acids and hydroxy acids was determined by the programmed temperature GC on SE-52 as liquid phase, and the open tubular column coated with Dexsil 300 was used for fatty alcohols. It was found in this study that n-, iso- and anteiso-components in each fatty compound in raw lanolin showed a carbon chain distribution with characteristic patterns.

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The structural analysis of ev-olefin sulfonic acids (AOS acid) was carried out by means of NMR method. lt was indicated that AOS acid was a mixtures of alkene sulfonic acid, 1, 3aikane sultone, 1, 4-alkane sultone and unchanged olefin from its NMR spectrum, those of 1, 3-hexadecane sultone as well as 1, 4-hexadecane. sultone and the results reported ipi the Previous paper. However, the two signals, . absorbed at 5.06 and.3.43 ppm, were not able to hssign. Ana the signal of olefinic protohs of di-alkene sulfonic acid could not be found in NMR spectrum of AOS acid.
In the NMR spectrum of product which was obtained by the acidic hydrolysis in NMR sample tube, two signals of 5.06 and 3.43 ppm were obviously disappeared. In the NMR spectrum of basic hydrolysis product, it was found that new signal was appeared at 6.1-6.8 ppm based on double bond methin proton of 1-alkane sulfonic acid. Those results clearly indicate that those unknown peaks are due to the precuser of 1-alkene sulfonic acid. And these unknown peaks are due to the precuser of 1-alkene wulronid acid. And these unkown peaks were assigned to methin proton and methylene proton of 1, 2-alkane dusultone, from this result and previous paper of Mori and Markgraf.
As assignments for all signals of AOS acid were finished, quantitative analyses of the sultones, alkene sulfonic acid and 1, 2-alkane di-sultone in AOS acid were carried out. Using the peak area of methin proton signal of alkene sulfonic acid(A), methin proton signal of 1, 2-alkane di-sultone(B) and methylene proton signal of sultone(C)(See Fig.8), the each component was determined by the following equation.
Alkene sulfonic acid (mel A)=100 A/(A+B+2 C)
As anb of the application of this paethod, AOs acids, re. ptacsed un der the various conditions of variation was conditions of C were determined by NMR method, and found to be 1.2%

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An initial step of photodecompositionof azobeenes(H, H; H, NEt, ; H, NMe2; H, OMe)was studied; Azobenzenes were irradiated with IQw or high pressure mercury lamps in methanol, benene, and cyclohexane in the presence ofB-naphthol under nitrogen atmosphere. The genertionof diazonium iono diazordical from azo species was suggested from the formation of 1-phen. ylazo-2-naphthol, which was identied with authentic material by mass spectrometry. The product may be formed by the couplingof the diazo: nium ion or diazo radical with B-naphthol.
As the generation of two kindsof diazonium ion or diazo radical from 4, 4asym-substituted, azobcnzcne was expected, accordingly twokfnds of azo dyes were an. ticipated to be obtained, but only one azo dye which has the diazo component derived frorelatively the more electro negative substituent in aryl groupof t: heoriginal aobenzene was detected.
The substituent effects in the photodecomposition of azobeenes were found tobe similar tothose in t: he fragmentationof the azebenzenes H, NEt; H, NMe2; H, OMe; H, NHCOMe; H, NH23 Cl, NEt2; Me, NEt2; NH2, NEt2; MeO, NEt2; 2Br(o, P, NEt, )to diazonium ions in mass spectra.
AHammett's relation was found between the ratio of the intesityof fragmets of the two diazospecies in mass spectra of the azoenzenes and the differenceof o(=do). The more electronegatively substituted diazonium ion or diazo radical was found to be produced more preferenially, and the resuIt accouts well for the formationof 1-arylao-2-naphtho1o.
Aphoto-redox reaction was observed in the irradiationof azobenzene in cyclohexane with 1owpressure mercury Iamp and dicydohexyl and hydraobeene were obtained. In the caseof N, N-dialkylaminoazobenzenes, photodea1kylation of N-alkyl group proceeded and the diazonium ion was hardly detected.

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The Frieqel-Crafts sulfonylation of naphthalene with a- or B-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride using anhydrous aluminum chloride have been studied at various temperatures and it different solvents.
The reaction of napbthalene with a- or B-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride at 2-70C gave a mixture of a, a'- and a, B -dinaphthylsulfQ. ne er ec, BL and B, BLdinaphthylsulfonerm aO htVh5proportionJ of B-sulfonylation of naphthalene was inereased with increasing temperature, However, at above 70C, isopaeriza. tiop of the fo. rixled di-naphthylsulfones occurred slowly and gave B., . Bi through the sulfonylation of naphthalene with a-naphthal enesulionyi chloride.
The differences in actoivqtion energy or activation entropy between sulfonylation reactions of af- and B position of naphthalene with af- and B naphthalenesulfony1 chlorlde in nitrobenzen6were -2.0 and -1.6 kcal/mol, -7.0 and -4.8 e. u., respectively.
The rations of B-sulfonylation to a-sulfonylation of naphthalene with naphthalenesulfonyl chlorides varied considerably with solvents and it appeared that th B/a ratio was increased with increasing dielectric constant of the solvent.

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The ultrasonic absorptionsof po1y(vinyl acetate), Poly(vinyl propionate)and po1y(vinyl buty rate)in toluene were measured by the pulse method in the frequency range 1-30 MHz and in the temperature range O-60C The ultrasonic absorptions of these po1ymers were represented by the two relaxation equations. Both lower and higher relaxation frequencies shifted by lower frequency with an increase in the side chain length. We considered that the relaxation of lower frequency was ascribed to the rotation of side chains around the main chain, and that of higher frequency to the local rotation of side chain itself.

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Four aromatic amide-imide-carboxylic acids (AICA) were prepared by the condensation reaction of 1, 4, 5-naphthalenetricarboxylic anhydride (1, 4, 5-NTCA) or trimellitic anhydride (TMA) with N-monoacetyl derivatives of aromatic diamines sueh as p-phenylenediamine, benzidine, and p, PLdiaminodiphenylmethane. Polyamide-imides (PAI) were synthesized in solid or liquid phase by self-polycondensation of these AICA with the elimination of acetic acid at high temperatures.
Polymers obtained were insoluble in or: ganic solvents such as DMF, DMAc, and DMSO, and slightly soluble in cone. H2SOd. Reduced viscosities of polymers increased with inreasing reaction temperatures. However, the optimum temperature was required for the polycondengation of N-(Pzaacetamidophenyl)- and N-P-(4-acetamidobenzyl)-phenyl naphthalimide-4-carboxylic acids, in each case. Reduced viscosities of PAI derived from 1, 4, 5-NTCA were O, 44 yO, 79, while that of PAI derived from TMA was 1.00.
In consequence of theal analyses, it was found that the degradtin of these p1ymers occurred at 450N5000C under a stream of nitrogen.

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It has been reported that the polymerization of polar vinyl monomer was proceeded by alkylborane in the presence of oxygen. The present paper deals with some new data concerning the solvent effects on the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by tributylborane (TBB)-oxygen system.
The relative initiating activities of TBB in various solvents Nvere found to be in the follpwing order:
DMSO < DMF, DMAc < Cyclehexanene < Acetene, Acetenitrile,
HMPA < Toluene < NitrebeRzene < Chlorobenzene < THF
The rate of polymerization was found to be proportional to the concentration of DMSO. The apParent activation energy was measured to be 5, 0kca1/mol in DMSO. And the reaction ef TBB with DMSO was studied by NMR method.
From these results, it was assumed that the polymerization proceeded via a radical mechanism inVolving a co-ordination compound between TBB and DMSO.
TBB + DMSO --- [Complex] --- Polymer radical

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The stereochemistry of polar addition of various electrophilic reagents to 2, 3-dihydrofuran and its derivatives was studied by NMR.
Chlorinatien of 2, 3-dihydrofuran, 2, 3-dihydro-2-Methylfuran, 2, 3-dihydropyran and benzofuran in toluene at -78C gave to major products identified as erythro and threo isomers in a ratio of about 60: 40.
The amount of cis addition was quite sensitive to the change in the solvent, being greater in toluene (60%) than in CHaCI2 (30%). While the addition of electrophilireagents to 2, 3dihydro-5-methylfuran (MDHF) under polar conditions was resulted predominantly to be cis (80%), the amount of cis addition shewed little differences between CH2C12 and toluene.
Previous assignments for the micro structure of a-methyl group of the opital active polymer obtained by stereospecific polymerization of MDHF in toluene at -78C were discussed in terms of the informations regarding the type of opening of the double bond in the polar addition reaction of dihydrofurans.

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Thermal degradation experimant of high density polyethyiene was carried out by using a continuous flow reactor in the temperature range of 4000 to 4450C under a. tmospher. jc pressure to investigate the rate of thermal degradation and properties of decomposition products at the steady state.
The products of thermal degradation were separated into two parts, the one, vol, atile gaseous product at 25C and the other, less-volatile Qily product. The gaseoms product wasi. analyzed by gas chromatography and was found to be ceRsisted ef H2 and CitvC6 hydrocarbens, having the average molecular weight of 35 to 37. The composition of gaseotis products did not change appreeiably with the degradatien temperature. The oily product was found to be consisted of a wide spectrum of hydrocarbon fragment, saturated and unsatutated, varying in carbon numbers from 3 to 30 (see Fig.6, 7). The average molecular weight ef the oily product varied from 180 to 232 withx, degradatiop temperature (see Fig.9). Other physical properties of eily products are shown in Table 3.
The average yield of product oil was 94.5% of the total products in the temperature range investigated. The reactor content was the degraded polymer and its molecular weight was decreased to about 1200. Some physical properties of the reactor contents are shown in Table 3. The correlation between the rate of decomposition of the polyethylene and the rate of formation of double bonds, was also investigated. Both rates are plotted in Fig, 4 as a function of the degradation temperature. Carbon-carbon double bonds were found in gaseous products, only product and reactor contents, but as shown in Fig.5, the increase in double bonds of the reactor content was negligible. The activation energies of thermal degradation of the polyethylene, calculated on the basis of the above two rates, were 47.5 kcal/mol and 49.4 kcal/mol, respectively.

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The mechanochemical reactionsof phosphonitrilic chloride trimer. with some salts by grinding was studied, When it was ground with sa1ts, such as NaCl, NH4C1or NaCO3, chemical reactions occurred. The degree, of mechanochemical changes and the sort of degradation products by grinding were varied depending upon a kind of salt. The changes of composition in three systems by grinding were as fo11ows:
(PNC12)3-NaCl system: (PNC12)3+H20+NaC1---Phosphates+NH4Cl+HC1
(PNC12)3-NHdCI system: (PNC12)3+H20+(NHC1)---NH4H2PO+HC1+(NH4C1)
(PNC12)3-Na2CO3 system=(PNCI2)3+H20+Na2COs(---Na8(PO2NH)s)
---Phosphates+NaC1+CO2+(HC1)+(NH4q)

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The thermal reaction of triphenyl phosphite with geraniol was carried out at 200C under nitxogen in a normal pressure fiow apparatus.
Phenol(1), cyclogeraniol(2), stereoisomeric -1, 2, 3, 4, 1a, 4a-hexahydro-1, 1, 4a-trimethylxanthenes(3) and (4), 2-methyl-2-prenylchreman(5), o- and p-geranylphehols, (6) and (7), were separated from the cemplex reaction mixture and were identified.
The reaction of phenol with geraniol, catalyzed by 85% phosphoric acid, gave similqr products without (3).

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3-Methyl-3-butenyl diphenyl phosphate reacted with anisol and veratrol in the prgsence of boron triAuoride etfierate- to give p-(3-methyl-2-bgtenyl)gpispl (5), R, =H, (15% yield). and 1, 1-dimethyl-5, 6-dimethoxyindane(6), R=OCHs (18% yield), respectively,
3-Methyl-2-butenyl diphenyl phosphate, prepared by the reaction of 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol and diphel phenoloridate, reacted with anisol and phenol to give (5), R=-H and p-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol, respectively.

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Pyradino[2, 3-b]phenazine (1) undergees addition reactien Kvith varieus kinds of nucleophiles, such as ethanol, methaol, ethylene glycol, n-butylamine, ethyleam, ethahiol and 1, 2-ethanedithiol, at beth C2 and C3 pesitions of (1). ln ethanol, (1) is cenverted telx 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-2, 3-diethoxypyradino(2, 3-b)phenazine (2a). The formatien of (2a) has been established by the follewing observations: 1) The IR and visible absorption speetra of (2a)are similar to these ef 2, 3-diaminophenazine (3).2) lbs NMR spectrum (DMSO-di) sjhQws signals at 6 1.10 (CHs), 3.40N3.80 (CHa), and 7.85N8.10, 7.45N7.75, and ZO2 ppm (argpaat-ic pfotons).3) The oxidatien ef (2 a) with silver oxide brings about the formation of 2, 3diethoxypyradino[2, 3-b]phenazine.

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Photolysis of N-(p-tolylazo)morpholine in various solvents yielded N-(p-tolyl)morpholine(1)as weli as solvent dimmers(2). The yield of (l) depends upon the viscosity of the solvent, thus suggesting that the reaction preceeds in a solvent cage via a radica1 mechanism.
An ionic mechanism was also postulated for the photoiysis in acetic acid.

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Reaction of polyethylene glycol with cyanuric chloride was carried out and the condition of gel formation and the property of produced gel was examined.
Three dimensional gel was obtained in the reaction at room temperature and 400C and at higher temperature the decomposition reaction eccurred rapidly and gel was not obtained. Although the produced gel was decomposed gradually and spontaneously, it was possible to stabilize the. gel by putting it into dimethylformamide, pyridine and triethylamine solution.
However, the stabilized gel was decomposed by hydrolysis in the presence of acid or NaOH and by transesterification in alcohol with small arnount of acid.

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It was found that the dilute aqueous solution of heparin was mixed with dilute acetic acid soiution of chitosan (O.25 g/dl) to form a water insoluble hydrous precipitate which Miekka called polysalt. When more concentrated solution (0.5 g/dl) of chitosan was mixed withheparin solutien, a finely colloidal precipitate was formed.
From sulfur content in the polyelectrolyte complex determined by elernentary analysis, the composition ratios of chitosan structurai unit to heparin structural unit in polyelectrolyte complex No.1, 2, 3, 4 were estimated to be 6.0: 1, 5.3: 1, 3.4: 1and 2.7: 1, respectively.
Formation of the polyeleetrolyte complex wasfou nd to originate in the strong electrestatic attraction between oppositely charged molecules from the results of IR spectrescopic studies.
The polyelectrolyte complex was soluble by heating it in the ternary selvent containing water-hydrochleric acid-methanol, water-potassium bremide-acetone or formic acid alone.
The polyelectrolyte complex (No.2 in Table 1) enhanced the coagulation of blood.

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