The microwave spectra of 15N isotopic species of nitrosyl chloride, "NO"Cl and "NO"Cl, have been assigned between 8 and 26 GHz, and the following rotational constants have been obtained: A=81600 MHz, B=5693.80 MHz, and C=5322.44 MHz for "NO₃5Cl A=81520 MHz, B=5556.07 MHz, and C=5201.56 MHz for '5NO₃7Cl The microwave spectra of the normal species of nitrosyl chloride as well as the "Cl species and the "O species have already been measured by Millen et al. (1961). An analysis of both the rotational constants obtained in this study and the constants by Millen et al. has given the following bond lengths and anagle as the complete r3 structural parameters of nitrosyl chloride. r(N-0)=1.14370.006A, r(N-Cl)=1.9730.003, k, and LONCl=113.2°0.5° The nuclear quadrupole coupling constants in the N-Cl bond axis system of "NO"Cl are Xzz=7.8 MHz and 77=.311.

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The present study is concerned with the formation and decomposition of 9 Al20, 2 B2Oupon heating the mixed powder; it was prepared by the simultaneous hydrolysis of aluminum and boron alkoxides. Techniques employed were TG, DTA, electron microscopy, and X-ray analysis.9 Al203- 2 B20, was found to form via following steps: 133+-substituted A10(OH) gel > Amorphous material> Al-B spinel > 9 Al203.2 B203 The reaction process from the mixed powder to 9 Al203 2 B203 was similar to that of mullite (3 Al203- 2 SiO₂), formed by heating a clay mineral, kaolinite (Al203 2 Si02 2 H₂0). The fraction of formation of 9 Al203.2 B20, from Al-B spinel was determined by the lapse of time, as it was a function of time at different temperatures. The data were interpreted in terms of the second-order equation, as a special case of Avrami's equation. On the basis of the Arrhenius plot of log k vs.1/ T the apparent activation energy was found to be 113 kcal/mol. This activation energy corresponded to the energy to establish the growth of active centers. The kinetics of the decomposition of 9 Al20, 2 B20, was determined. The decomposition reaction was of the first-order and the activation energy was 81 kcal/mol. The rate-determining step of the reaction is considered to be the nucleation process.

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Adsorption phenomena of hydrocarbons containing C. and C, on active carbons, rich in pores with radii from O.5 to 1.0 nm (A) or from O.5 to 5.0 nm (B), were studied. Adsorption of the hydrocarbons on A was unimolecular, obeying the Langmuir equation, and that on B was multimolecular, fitting to the BET equation. The hysteresis was noticed in desorption of the hydrocarbons from B. The thickness of multimolecular layers on B was 1.5-1.8 molecule of the hydrocarbon. The rate of unimolecular adsorption of the hydrocarbons on A was higher than that of the multimolecular adsorption on B, but the rate of desorption from A was lower than that from B.

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In order to study the deposition of polystyrene latex onto the fabrics, viz, polyamide (Nylon 6), polyacrylonitrile (Vonnel), polyester (Tetoron), and cotton, a-potentials of latex and fabrics were measured, and heterocagulation theory was applied to explain the results obtained. The relation between the energy of interaction and the amount of latex deposited on the fabrics was investigated. The total interaction energy increased and the amount of latex deposited decreased with increasing pH for all the fabrics tested. In spite of the larger total interaction energy of Vonnel and cotton than that of Nylon and Tetoron, more amount of latex deposited on the above fabrics than that on the latter ones. From the observation of the state of deposition of latex particles in terms of scanning electron microscope, it was found that latex particles deposited on Nylon and Tetoron in a single particle layer, while those on Vonnel in a multiple or blocky layer. It is likely that the more amount of latex deposited on Vonnel than that on Nylon and Tetoron.

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A CuO-Al203 catalyst is well known to be active for the reduction of NO in waste gases, while it is difficult to discuss the reaction mechanism owing to change of the oxidation state of the catalyst during the course of the reaction. This work has been conducted to clarify the mechanism of NO-NH, reaction over CuO-Al203 catalysts with IR and ESR, and from kinetic studies. Experimental results confirm the following reaction mechanism: NO(g) NO"(a) NO6+ (a) +[0] NO₂(a)itrato bidentate NH₃(g) NH₃(a) NO₂(a) +NH₃(a) N2-1-H₂0-1-[0]-1-H(a) CuO+H(a) 1/2 Cu20+1/2 H₂0 where (g) and (a) show a gas phase and an adsorbed state, respectively, and [0] in the controlling step probably corresponds to a lattice oxygen. NO₂(a) is ascribed to a nitrato bidentate from the IR bands of a NO metal complex assigned by Blyholder et al. The catalytic activity of the catalyst falls to a stationary state level, since CuO on the carrier will be reduced to Cu2O by H(a) formed in the reaction mentioned above.

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For cumene cracking, the catalytic activity of zeolite, exchanged with various metal ions, MeY (Me=Cd²⁺, Cu", Ni", Co", Ag+, and Zn²⁺), was enhanced by the pretreatment with hydrogen sulfide. An increase in catalytic activity was dependent on the affinity of metal ions in MeY toward hydrogen sulfide. The IR spectra of CdY treated with hydrogen sulfide indicated the formation of new hydroxyl groups on the surface. An increase in BrOnsted acidity of CdY was also observed after the pretreatment with hydrogen sulfide in the IR spectra of chemisorbed pyridine on CdY. Thus, it was considered that an increase in catalytic activity of MeY by the pretreatment with hydrogen sulfide was attributed to the formation of new acidic hydroxyl groups, i. e., BrOnsted acid sites, in terms of irreversibly adsorbed hydrogen sulfide on metal ions in MeY.

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Current distributions in an electrolytic cell were measured with a simple method, in which the potential difference between two points in a solution was detected as an A. C. signal by rotating double probe electrodes. The current intensity and direction were obtained by measuring the amplitude of A. C. voltage and phase difference detected, and by comparing them with those at a reference point. For a copper(T) sulfate solution at 25°C, the output voltage (amplitude) was measured with a copper probe electrode and a platinized platinum electrode in the current density range of 0.1 to 50 mA cm^-2. Results showed that for uniform distribution of force line, a linear relation between the output voltage and applied current density held (Fig.5). The data had a coefficient of variation of about 1%. The current direction measured had an angular error within 72°. For non-uniform current flow lines, i. e., diverging, converging and curving lines, measured current intensity and its direction were in agreement with calculated intensity and direction within an error of 5% and 76°, respectively, for the copper probe electrode at a rotating speed of 65Hz (Table 1). A gold probe electrode had a poor reproducibility due to the high impedance of the electrode surface. It was found that not only a copper electrode regarded as a practically reversible electrode but also platinized platinum and bright platinum probe can be used for copper (II) sulfate solutions. This method will offer a new approach to the measurement of current distributions in an electrolytic cell.

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The adsorption of phosphate ion by titanium(W) oxide monohydrate, (metatitanic acid, Ti024120), and the removal of phosphate ion by a granulated product of metatitanic acid and a basic resin formed by aniline and formalin were investigated. Metatitanic acid, an intermediate in the production process of titanium(1V) oxide, was used as the adsorbent. The thermal analysis of Ti0eH₂0 dried at 50°C showed that the dehydration of free water and that of structural water from the specimen occured at 110 and 600-700°C, respectively. In a batch test, Ti02. H₂0 dried at 160°C had the maximum adsorption of P0, 8-. The TiO₂ H₂0 dried at 160°C for P0, 3- had the adsorption capacities 1.5-3.0 times the capacity of activated alumina. Sulfate ion was incorporated into TiOe H₂0 in the manufacturing process, and consequently the adsorption capacity of the TiO₂ H₂0 was affected by the degree of washing with water and the pH of aqueous solutions; the adsorption capacity of a non-washed TiO₂. H₂0 for PO₄8- was larger than that of a washed TiOeH₂0, showing a maximum value at pH 3. In a column test, several adsorbents had the adsorption capacities in the order: ion exchange resin basic aniline resin containing TiO₂. H₂0activated alumina acidic resorcinol resin containing Tio-120; however, the ion exchange resin can not afford a selective ion exchange-ability for PO₄8-. The granulated product of basic aniline resin and TiOe H₂0 showed to adsorb condensed phosphate ions such as triphosphate ion.2N Sodium hydroxide and water were used for regenerating of the adsorbent by the removal of adsorbed PO₄8-.

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Mischmetal (Mm)-nickel-manganese alloys MmNi, _zMn., (x=O.25-1.0) have been found to have the same hexagonal structure as LaNi, and MmNi5. They react readily with hydrogen to form hydrides of MmNi4.75Mno.25H85, MmNi, , , Mno, H, .., MmNi4.25Mn0, H6.5 and MmNi4.0 Mn1. oH6.5 (hydrogen content 1.5 wt%) under 60 atm hydrogen pressure and at room temperature. Dissociation pressures of these hydrides are dependent on content of manganese, which substitutes partially for nickel, and log P decreases in proportion to x. The enthalpy change in hydride formation as determined from the dissociation isotherms (Fig.3) for the MmNi4.5 Mn, 0.5-H system is given 0.2 kcal/mol, and the dissociation pressure at 30°C yields 3 atm. The desorption rate of hydrogen for MmNi4.5Mno.5 is larger than those for LaNi, and MmNi5, and a value of 5.6-6.9 kcal/mol cames out as the apparent activation energy of hydrogen desorption. For MmNi, , Mno., the hydrogen absorption-desorption cycles are repeated 30 times, but the variation in hydrogen absorption-desorption ability was hardly noticed. The hydride of MmNi, , Mno., proved very great as a hydrogen storage material.

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The growth of TiN whiskers from the TiCl4-1-12-N2 system was investigated on various metals and refractory oxides. Ni, Pd, Pt, Ag, Si, and mullite porecelain were effective for the growth of TiN whiskers. TiN whiskers grew in the temperature range of 900-1250°C on Ni, Pd, Pt, Ag, and Si and at 1300-1400°C on mullite. TiN whiskers grew preferentially in the <111> direction on mullite. On Ni, most whiskers grew in the <100> direction and a part of whiskers grew in the <112> direction. The growth rate in the axial direction showed maxima against both TiCl4 and N2 concentrations. The growth rate increased with H₂ concentration. Small globes containing Ni were observed on the tips of whiskers at the initial stage of TiN growth on Ni. The similar globes were observed on the TiN whiskers grown on Pd and Pt. TiN whiskers on Ni are considered to grow by the Vapor-Liquid-Solid mechanism at the initial stage with subsequent growth by the Vapor-Solid mechanism. The growth on mullite seems to occur by the Vapor-Solid mechanism from the initial stage.

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The thermal decomposition of basic magnesium carbonates, hydromagnesite 4 MgC08mg (OH)21-120 and nesquehonite MgCO₃.3 H₂0, was studied as a function of temperature by a differential thermal gas analysis technique under various partial pressures of carbon dioxide (Pew). The decarbonation was strongly affected byCO₂. Only one peak was observed in helium atmosphere for the evolution of carbon dioxide. At higher Pco, (P - coaR.20 atm) three distinct decomposition stages were evident on DTGA curves at approximately 400-500, 520

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Solvent extraction of nickel from an ammoniacal solution was studied 'to recover nickel from sulfuric acid exudate of manganese nodules. Extraction of nickel, cobalt, or zinc from its respective ammoniacal solution, and that of nickel from mixed ammoniacal solution (Ni 6, Co 0.15, Zn 0.2g11) were performed under following conditions, pH: 7-10, extractant: 15 vol% LIX 64 N in kerosene, phase ratio (0/A): 1, temperature: 30°C, contact time: 2-60 min, and the concentration of aqueous solution of Na₂SO₃: 0-0.5 mol//. In the extraction of metal from its solution, the maximum extracted amount of nickel or cobalt was 80% at pH 9, and that of zinc was 40% at pH 8. In the presence of Na₂S03, extracted amount of nickel slightly increased, but that of cobalt decreased, and the maximum extracted amount of cobalt was 60% at pH 9.5. Extracted amount of zinc slightly increased at higher pH than 9. In the extraction of nickel from the mixed solution, cobalt was coextracted almost completely at pH 7.40 and in the organic solution the minimum value of (Co/Ni), g. ratio was O.03. Coextracted amount of zinc decreased with increasing pH from 7 to 8.5, and zinc was hardly coextracted at higher pH than 8.5. In the presence of Na₂SO₃, coextracted amount of cobalt or zinc was depressed; coextracted amount of cobalt or zinc was less than 10%, and (Co/Ni). i. g. ratio was below 0.003. Thus, nickel could be extracted selectively from the mixed solution.

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Identification of clay minerals and a study of their thermal properties were conducted for Bizen-yaki clay by means of thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Main components of clay minerals in Bizen-yaki clay consisted of metahalloysite, mica clay minerals and montmorillonite. Quartz and feldspar were accompanied as non-clay minerals. The first shrinkage due to the dehydroxylation of metahalloysite occurred between 500° and 600°C on the dilatometric curve of a hydraulically elutriated clay, while the expansion due to a-0 transition of quartz appeared on the curve of Bizen-yaki clay. The second shrinkage due to the formation of r-Al208 from metahalloysite appeared between 850° and 1000°C and the third one caused by the collapse of mica clay minerals and the subsequent formation of mullite appeared between 1000° and 1200°C. The last shrinkage due to the melting of Bizenyaki clay started at the temperature higher than 1400°C.

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The relation between the process of redox reaction and the change of electric conductivity in nonaqueous solvents (DMF or DMSO) has been investigated by conductimetry and poten- tiometry. This report deals with the conductimetric titration of tin ( II) chloride in nonaqueous solvents (DMF, DMSO) with iodine. Iodine was stable in DMF and DMSO solutions of potassium iodide, and tin ( II ) chloride formed a stable additional compound with the aprotic dipolar solvents. Generally, conductimetry could not be applied to redox reaction in aqueous solution, but conductivity change due to the formation of additional-ionic species in the aprotic dipolar solvents such as DMF and DMSO. For this reason, conductimetric titration can be performed for redox reactions in nonaqueous solvents. Iodine and tin (II) chloride react in the ratio of 1: 1 and the end points found in the conductimetric titration curve agreed with those in the potentiometric titration.

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Idntification and determination of a small amount of impurities in the commercial reagent grade and GC standard palmitic acid were carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Twenty kinds of impurities, fatty acids (C32, COOH, n=8, -18), alkanes (C32, .2, n=15-24) and alkenes (C, , H₂.n=15.19) were identified from their mass spectra, retention time and characteristic ntle of mass fragmentgrams. A small amount of impurities in palmitic acid was determined sensitively and selectively without any preconcentration of the impurities by setting the multiple ion detector to their characteristic fragments for homologues, fatty acid to mile= 60, alkane to m/e = 71 and alkene to nzle= 97. The minimum detectable amount for tetradecanoic acid was found to be 5X10-9g and other impurities 5 x10-9-5 X 10-"g. This method is available for determining a small amount of impurities in other high purity fatty acid such as stearic acid.

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Extraction equilibria for vanadium(V) complexes with 4- (2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR, H₂L) at 25°C were investigated in the Na₂SO₄ solution with the ionic strength of O.1. The complexes are extracted into chloroform either as an ion-pair with benzyldimethyltetradecyl- ammonium (Q⁺) cation, Q[V0₂L] (A=560nm, e=3.35x10⁴dm³mol^-1cm^-1), or as an adduct complex with trioctylphosphine oxide (topo), [V0₂(HL)(topo)] (A=560 nm, e=1.40x10⁴dm³mol^-1cm^-1).
The extraction constants of these complexes were estimated as,
K^VO₂L-_ex=[Q[VO₂L]]_(o)/[Q⁺][[VO₂L]^-]=10^8.54±0.18
and
K_ad=[[VO₂(HL)(topo)]]_(o)/[[VO₂(HL)]][topo]_(o)=10^2.07±0.06
The adduct formation constant in chloroform was calculated to be,
β₁=[[VO₂(HL)(topo)]]_(o)/[[VO₂(HL)]]_(o)[topo]_(o)=10^2.37±0.09
The equilibrium diagram for the extraction of the vanadium(V)-PAR complexes were p.o-posed on Fig.8.

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The reaction of diphosphorus tetraiodide with epoxides, aldoximes, or ketoximes has been investigated in ether, dichloromethane, or carbon tetrachloride with or without pyridine. Aryloxiranes, vinyloxiranes, and a, 9-epoxy carbonyl compounds readily brought about stereospecific deoxygenation in ether at a room temperature, giving the corresponding olefins in moderate yields, while the reaction of alkyloxiranes was slow under the same conditions and it was necessary to heat it in carbon tetrachloride to complete the reaction. The formation of internal olefins from terminal epoxides or the cyclopropane ring opening did not occur under the above conditions. Upon similar treatment of aliphatic or aromatic aldoxime with diphosphorus tetraiodide, the corresponding nitrile was produced in high yield. The stereochemica I change in aldoximes had no effect on the formation of the product, and many functional groups appeared to be stable in this dehydration. Action of diphosphorus tetraiodide upon ketoximes was dependent on a substrate; in the Beckmann rearrangement carboxamides were formed and in the dehydroxy- imination parent ketones were produced. Diphosphorus tetraiodide seemed to have the combined property of phosphide and phosphorus triiodide and was expected its development to be a suitable reagent for the organic synthesis and the structural elucidation of natural products.

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A mechanistic study has been performed for the photo-decomposition of sodium 1-amino-4- bromoanthraquinone-2-sulfonate C/ b in the presence of the hydroxide ion and oxygen by the visible light irradiation. Lack of the dependence of the concentration of Cl b itself on the quantum yield of the photo-decomposition excluded the possibility of the D-D scheme operating in the photo-decomposition (Fig.1). The photo-decomposition was not affected by the addition of Rose Bengal as a singlet oxygen generator. Linear plots were obtained for the reciprocal of the quantum yield of the photo-decomposition vs. the reciprocal of the concentration of hydroxide ion (Fig.2) and that of the dissolved oxygen (Fig.5). Detailed kinetic treatments revealed that the photo-decomposition of C/ bj proceeds through the exciplex formation between the excited [1 b] in its 'CT state and the ground state oxygen followed by an attack of the hydroxide ion to give decomposed products (Fig.9)

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The reaction of benzyl chloride with N, N-dimethylthioformamide (DMTF) led to a smooth formation of the S-benzylated adduct which then was decomposed with methanol to give atoluenethiol ( I ) quantitatively. On hydrolysis of the adduct, ( I ) as a main product, Sbenzyl thioformate(iI) and tris(benzylthio)methane(I1) were produced (see Table 2). The decomposition of the adduct ( 1 ) with water appeared to form a gem-amino alcohol intermediate ( 2 ) at first, and the corresponding thiol and the other products were considered to be obtained from the cleavage of the C-S and C-N bonds of ( 2 ) (see Fig.2). In the case of methanolysis, the thiol appeared to be formed preferentially from the cleavage of the C-S bond in the gem-amino alcohol type intermediate. Halides such as hexyl bromide, octyl bromide and methyl chloroacetate easily formed adducts with DMTF. The decomposition of these adducts with methanol gave the corresponding thiols in good yields (see Table 3). The reaction of benzoyl chloride with DMTF geve a small amount of an adduct which, on the hydrolysis, formed thiobenzoic acid in about 30% yield (see Table 1). The decomposition of alkyl halide-DMTF adduct with methanol is concluded to be a good method for synthesizing thiols.

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Thermal behavior of nonionic surfactants, poly (oxyethylene) hexadecyl ethers, has been studied by thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared absorption spectometry and elemental analysis. Curves of thermal degradation under the atmosphere of air and nitrogen were shifted to higher temperature with the increase in the number of the oxyethylene unit. The effect of the number of the oxyethylene unit on the activation energy of oxidation in the air was different from that in nitrogen atmosphere. Endothermic peak caused by fusion appeared in the range 30-60°C, whereas exothermic peak caused by oxidation and evaporation in the air appeared at 11O₂90°C. The temperature range for the appearance of exothermic peak caused by degradation in nitrogen was from 190 to 450°C. Entropy of fusion increased with the increase in the number of the oxyethylene unit and the increment per oxyethylene unit was 6.25 cal/deg 0mol. Upon heating, the poly (oxyethylene) chain in the poly (oxyethylene) hexadecyl ethers may be cleaved under oxygen to give several oxidation products.

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2, 6-Dichloro-4-alkyl(C816)-1, 3, 5-triazines obtained by the Grignard reaction of cyanuric chloride were treated with polyethylene glycols in the presence of potassium t-butoxide to give a series of homogeneous nonionics (Cn-TA-2 m: 2-5) with two poly (oxyethylene) (POE) chains in a molecule. The same poly (oxyethylen)ation of 2-hexyloxy-4, 6-dichloro- and 2, 6-bis (hexyloxy)-4- chloro-1, 3, 5-triazines also gave several nonionics carrying a 1, 3, 5-triazine ring (C60-TA-2 En, and (Ce0)2--TA-E, m, respectively). Cloud point, aqueous surface tension and critical micelle concentration (CMC) of these nonionics were determined and compared with those of POE monoalkyl ethers and of acetal type of nonionics having a general formula, RCH[O(E0), , H]2. Cn-TA-2E, Th showed a moderate surface activity (Fig.2) and higher cloud point (Fig.1).1, 3, 5-Triazine ring in Cn-TA-2E, , appeared to behave as a hydrophilic group equivalent to 2-3 units of oxyethylene (OE). On the other hand, (C60)2-TA-Em, showed rather higher surface activity and lower cloud point. The CMC of Cl2-TA-2E initially decreased and then, through a minimum, increased as the number of OE units was increased. This anomalous trend in OE number dependence of CMC is extremely analogous to that reported previously for acetal nonionics having geminal POE chains (Fig.3). The results may be related to a configurationally restricted state in POE chains owing to interaction between two POE chains located closely in a surfactant molecule.

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The cholesteric twist angle 0 between two adjacent molecules was obtained as a function of temperature, concentration and side-chain length of poly (r-alkyl L-glutamate)s (PALG). The samples used in this study were poly[r-(ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl and nonyl) L-glutamate]s abbreviated as PEtLG, PPrLG, PBuLG, PPeLG, PHxLG, PHpLG, POcLG and PNoLG, respectively, and their characterizations are shown in Table 1. The results were summarized as follows. (1) All concentrated solutions of PALG's in chloroform formed cholesteric liquid crystals. (2) With increasing the concentration, the 0 increased initially and then decreased after passing through the maximum value. The intermolecular distanc corresponding to this maximum value was found to be extremely close to the distance which the side chains came into contact with each other. (3) As temperature increased, the 0 value decreased in the solutions of PEtLG, PPrLG and PBuLG, on the other hand, it increased in the solutions of the other PALG's. It was found that the cholesteric helical sense was right-handed in the former and left-handed in the latter by measuring the sign of induced circular dichroism of Acridine Orange, an achiral dye dissolved in the cholesteric mesophase. (4) When the plus sign was given to right-handed cholesteric twist angle 0, the sign of 8010T was negative in all PALG's investigated. The above experimental results were compared with the current molecular theories based on the method of the electric multipole expansion.

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The polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by hydrido complex-organic halides has been studied until now. The present paper deals with the polymerization of MMA by the use of hydridocarbonyltris (triphenylphosphine) iridium (I) (hydrido Jr complex) and organic halides in benzene. The effect of varieties of organic 'halide constituent in hydrido Jr complex on the polymerization was studied, and it has been found that carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethane, and bromoform showed a polymerization ability. On the basis of the kinetic study on the polymerization of MMA in benzene by the use of hydrido Jr complex and CCl4 (low concentration), the rate of polymerization (Rp) could be expressed by the following equation: Rp=k[Hydrido Ir complex]°.5CCl4°.5. [MMA]125 The apparent overall activation energy for the MMA polymerization by the use of this initiator was estimated to be 13.7 kcal/mol, The observed order of reaction with respect to monomer, 1.25, differed from that in other hydrido complex cases, previously studied. In the present case, it appeared that in the polymerization process of MMA, hydrido Jr complex Changed into chlorocarbonylbis (triphenylphosphine) iridium (I) which, similarly as hydrido Jr comolex', showed an activity toward the polymerization of MMA. It was considered that both complexes. in the same manner took part in the polymerization of MMA.

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Water-insolubule precipitates (PEC) were prepared by mixing the mixture of carboxymethyldextran solution (CMD) and sodium dextransulfate solution (DS) with chitosan at different hydrogen ion concentrations and in different order of mixing. The mole ratios of SIN in the polyelectiolyte complexes (PEC) thus prepared were, estimated to be 0.420.77, and also the content of CMD in PEC formed at high hydrogen ion concentration was found to be less than that formed at low hydrogen ion concentration by IR spectroscopic studies. It was found that the hydrogen ion concentration and the order of Mixing showed remarkable effect on the composition of PFC produced.
On the basis of the studies of IR spectra, elemental analyses, and color raction with Toluidine Blue, the structure of PFC prepared was found to differ with each other aCcording to the preparation method. It seemed that the degree of dissociation and the conformation of CMD, DS, and chitosan changed with hydrogen ion concentration, and that a different neutralization reaction occurred in terms of different order of mixing., In addition, blood tests were performed for the PEC by Imai's method to evaluate its antithrombogenicity.

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Photochemical reactions occurred in the air containing NOW, NH₃ and 0, were investigated in a static reactor at a room temperature under irradiation with a high pressure mercury lamp and their mechanisms were discussed. The higher the 03 concentration, the lower was the NO or NH₃ concentration, which decreased instantaneously to a certain value; hereafter the higher the 03 concentration, the lower was the decreasing rate of NOW. In the system of NH₃-03-Air or NO-NH₃-Air, NH₃ reacted photochemically and decreased rapidly during the presence of 03 and gradually during the presence of NOW. In the system NOz-03-Air, NO decreased upon reaction of NO with 0, , increased again upon photochemical decomposition of the product. As a result, ( 1 ) in the photochemical reaction of NOz-NH₃-03-Air system, NO reacted with 03 to produce higher oxidation compounds of nitrogen, e. g., N205 and/or HNO₃; ( 2 ) these oxidation compounds would react with NH₃ to produce a compound, which was difficult to decompose photochemically; and ( 3 ) the remaining NO decreased by its photo-reducing reaction with the remaining NH₃.

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The reduction of NO with NH₃ and oxidation of NH₃ with 02 were studied, in order to estabilish the relations among gas composition, temperature, residence time, fractional conversion of NO, and the reaction mechanism in noncatalytic reduction of NO with NH₃. The experiments were carried out by using a flow reactor under an atmospheric pressure and at 750-4100°C. The composition of the inlet gas was mainly 0-4500 ppm NO-500-4500 ppm NH₃-0-5% 02-0, 10% H₂O-N2 and the residence time was 0.37, --3.4 Nsec. The following results were obtained: (1) The higher the temperature up to ca.1000°C, the longer was the residence time, and the larger the inlet mole ratio of NI-la/NO, the higher became the fractional conversion of NO. (2) The apparent stoichiometric reaction equation was given as follows: NO+NH₃+ (1/4)02N2+ (3/2)H₂0. (3) For the purpose of obtaining Ca.100% of fractional conversion of NO, it was required that the inlet mole ratio of NH, /NO was ca.3, and the residence time was above 1.5 Nsec at ca.1000°C. (4) It was deduced that when the formation rate of NH radical, an intermediate species in oxidation of NH₃ with 02, exceeded a certain value, NO was reduced to N2 according to the reactions NH⁺02 N0+ OH and NO+NH N2+ OH, and that the reactions of NI-13+0H NH, +H₂0 and NH₂+0H--NH⁺H₂0 occurred. In such a way, the chain reaction proceeded in terms of OH radical which behaved as a carrier.

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Non-magnetic austenitic stainless steel which distinguishes itself by its susceptibility to the strain-induced transformation into martensite and its malleability has been turned to account for producing a ferromagnetic and dielectric emulsion by tribophysicochemical means. The emulsion concerned has been formed as a rubbing sludge when one whetted mechanically the surface of the alloy with an aqueous suspension of alu mina.

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The NO-NH₃ reaction was studied over supported Cu20 catalyst, and decomposition of NO over the catalyst was also examined. It was observed that the catalytic activity of Cu20 for the NO-NH₃ reaction was much lower than that of CuO; it was confirmed that the degrada- lion of the catalysts used in the previous study was due to the reduction of CuO to form Cu20 during the reaction. Nitrous oxide has higher oxidation activity for Cu20 than that for CuO, and it was probably due to the high electron density of Cu20. Alumina carrier was more favorable than silica one for both reactions.

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2-Aminoethanethiol and its derivatives were synthesized in excellent yields from 2-aminoethyl hydrogensulfate and its derivatives with ammonium hydrogensulfide under the mild reaction conditions of 88-66°C and 52 hr.
Although structure C 4 J was expected for the resulting product from the displacement of the sulfate moiety in 2-aminopropyl hydrogensulfate with the hydrogensulfide anion, compound 3J was obtained instead. Thus the aziridine compound was assumed to be the intermediates in the reaction of aminoalkyl hydrogensulfates with ammonium hydrogensulfide as shown in equation ( 2 ). The hydrogensulfide anion was considered to be introduced selectively into the unsubstituted methylene carbon where the steric hindrance to the substitution was minimal.

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Synthesis of 5, 6-dimethy1-5-hepten-2-one 8 from 3-methylene-2, 6-heptanedione is described.3-Methylene-6, 6-ethylenedioxy-2-heptanone [2 a] was obtained as a major product by the reaction of with ethylene glycol. The reaction of with propylene glycol, ethylene oxide or propylene oxide as a acetalizing reagent gave the corresponding monoacetals [2] (Table 1). The structure of by-products obtained by these reactions was characterized. Hydrogenation of [2 a] gave 3-methyl-6, 6-ethylenedioxy-2-heptanone [4]. The reaction of [4] with methylmagnesium chloride in THF gave 2, 3-dimethyl-6, 6-ethylenedioxy-2-heptanol [7], and acid decomposition of the product gave [8], a key intermediate for the preparation of a-irone.

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