霊長類研究
Online ISSN : 1880-2117
Print ISSN : 0912-4047
ISSN-L : 0912-4047
10 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1~5を表示しています
  • 羽倉 信彦
    1994 年 10 巻 1 号 p. 1-24
    発行日: 1994年
    公開日: 2009/09/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Wear facets and cusp cavitations on the maxillary first molars in platyrrhine primates were observed based on functional aspects of dental wear. 411 specimens from all platyrrhine genera and Tarsius were examined by SEM concerning cusp cavitation, wear facet production, microwear as indicator of functional feature, included angle of Phase I and II, and the relative length of Phase I.
    In Callitrichidae, cusps show a greater influence by puncture-crushing than by chewing. Buccal shearing and lingual crushing are emphasized, however, grinding is not developed except in Callithrix and Callimico. In Saimiri, less puncture-crushing than in callitrichid genera, buccal shearing and bucco-lingual crushing are developed. Grinding facet is formed in parallel with tooth wear. In Aotus and Callicebus, functional contrasts are shown as followings; Aotus is emphasized in crushing and grinding, whereas Callicebus is insisted in puncture-crushing, shearing and crushing. In Cebus, puncture-crushing represented the lightest of all. Specific function is not too much emphasized to absorb the others. All the facets are developed well and expressed by heavy crushing feature. In Ateles and Lagothrix, the state of cusp cavitation is not severe, although excavated rate is high. Buccal shearing is not developed and lingual grinding is extremely emphasized. The functionally specialized division between buccal and lingual sides is observed. In Brachyteles and Alouatta, heavy puncture-crushing, buccal shearing and lingual grinding are emphasized. The condition of these genera is thought as functional inconsistency. In Pitheciinae, puncture-crushing and Phase I facets are hardly existed, however, grinding is emphasized extremely. No occlusal area seem to act by high occlusal pressure.
    Based on these results, primitive features in Saimiri are defined, then the functional relationships of molars among platyrrhine genera are discussed referring their foods and adaptive zones.
  • 木村 忠直
    1994 年 10 巻 1 号 p. 25-31
    発行日: 1994年
    公開日: 2009/09/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Muscle fiber composition in cross-sections of the venter of the anterior tibial muscle was characteristic for each species of 13 individuals of 7 species of 5 genuses of 2 families of prosimians. In the fat-tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius) and Miller's mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) of lemurinae, all three types of muscle fibers were thick, and the proportion of white muscle fibers showing fast contraction was high. In slender loris (Loris tradigradus) and slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) of lorisinae, red muscle fibers were large in diameter and white muscle fibers were small in diameter, different from other species, and the proportion of red muscle fibers showing slow contraction was high, showing a pattern of dominance of red muscle fibers. In the lesser galago (Galago senegalensis), grand galago (Otolemur crassicaudatus) and Garnett's galago (Otolemur garnettii) of galaginae, muscle fibers were thin and the proportion of red muscle fibers was extremely low, while the proportion of intermediate muscle fibers, or white muscle fibers was the highest. The results suggest that it is closely correlated with the specific locomotion systems in various species of prosimians.
  • 浜井 美弥
    1994 年 10 巻 1 号 p. 33-40
    発行日: 1994年
    公開日: 2009/09/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    In March of 1991, the first-ranking male chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) was eliminated by other males from the M group in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Relationships among adult males were in disorder from February until June, when the former second-ranking male became dominant. This unstable situation enabled many adult males to approach estrous females without interruption by dominant males. Among thirteen females observed to be in estrous from February to June, males showed more eagerness to mate with three particular females. The three females were all middle-aged, multiparous, and had resumed sexual activity after weaning their latest offspring successfully. Judging from reproductive records for 25 years in Mahale, the age and reproductive careers of the three females signify higher potential for reproduction. When possible, male chimpanzees prefer to mate with highly reproductive females.
  • 揚妻 直樹, 杉浦 秀樹, 田中 俊明
    1994 年 10 巻 1 号 p. 41-47
    発行日: 1994年
    公開日: 2009/09/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    The area of World Heritage in the northwest of Yakushima is the only part of the island where natural vegetation still extends to the coast. The influence of the Seibu Road (19.3km) on this forest was investigated using three indicators. The first was physical discontinuity of the forest (P), which was determined from the lengths of artificial slopes above and below the road. The second was scenery disturbance (S), which was determined from the presence or absence of trees beside the road. The third was vegetational disturbance (V), which was determined from the number of invader plant species found alongside the road.
    In section of the road where has been relatively little disturbance the tree tops meet to form a “Green Tunnel”. The occurrence of such “Green Tunnel” sections was recorded continuously along the road.
    Discontinuity of the forest (P) was significant positively correlated with both scenery disturbance (S) and vegetational disturbance (V), such that section of the road which have been most developed have the least roadside trees and the greatest number of invader plant species. “Green Tunnel” existed along only one fourth of the whole length of the road and along only one third of the road within the World Heritage forest. Almost all of “Green Tunnel” sections were found in the Hanyama and Kawahara areas, where all three indicators also showed the low disturbance.
    These results suggested that, in order to conserve the natural environment of the World Heritage forest, the construction of artificial slopes above and blow the road should be avoided as far as possible.
  • 揚妻 直樹, 和田 一雄, 李 保国
    1994 年 10 巻 1 号 p. 49-56
    発行日: 1994年
    公開日: 2009/09/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Two groups of wild golden monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellanae roxellanae) were observed in the Qingling Mountains, China from November to December, 1989. Total observation time for the groups was about 18 hours in 8 days.
    The monkeys inhabited mixed forest of deciduous and coniferous trees at between 1900m and 2300m above sea level. All age-sex classes of monkeys were found in the two groups. Group-A consisted of at least 21 members and group-B had at least 43 members. They traveled about 1km in a day. Most activities of the monkeys occurred in the trees. Forty three percent of their locomotion was quadpedal, 33% consisted of leaping and jumping, and 24% of brachiation. They fed on the seeds of Pinus sp. and the buds and barks of deciduous trees such as Acer sp. They made various types of vocalization mainly when they fed and moved around. A few occurrences of social grooming and copulation were observed during the study period.
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