日本リモートセンシング学会誌
Online ISSN : 1883-1184
Print ISSN : 0289-7911
ISSN-L : 0289-7911
15 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の15件中1~15を表示しています
  • 津 宏治, Anne B. KAHLE
    1995 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 94-99
    発行日: 1995/05/30
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    Nowadays, planet Earth faces the possibility of rapid environmental change, including climate change, deforestation, desertification, ozone depletion, and acid rain. Such changes would have a profound impact to all nations.
    However, we do not fully understand their long-term implications. For example, magnitude and timing of global warming are quite uncertain.
    At present, it is difficult to quantify certain process at many temporal and spatial scales. We need to develop a clearer picture of regional as well as global processes.
    Remote sensing from space can provide the global, repeatable, continuous observations of processes needed to understand the Earth system as a whole.
    EOS (Earth Observing System) program is a NASA-initiated concept that uses space-based measurement systems to provide the scientific basis for understanding global change.
    The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), developed by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), is a research facility instrument to be installed on NASA's EOS AM-1 platform in 1998. The primary science objective of the ASTER mission is to improve understanding of the local-and regional-scale processes occurring on or near the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere, including surface-atmosphere interactions.
  • 藤定 広幸
    1995 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 100-107
    発行日: 1995/05/30
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    ASTER is an advanced multispectral imager with a high spatial, spectral and radiometric resolutions for EOS-AM1 platform which will be launched in June 1998. ASTER covers a wide spectral region from visible to thermal infrared by 14 spectral bands. Moreover, ASTER has a stereoscopic viewing capability by a near infrared band. Excellent observational performance can be expected by a pushbroom type visible and near infrared radiometer (VNIR subsystem) with a high spatial resolution of 15m, a pushbroom type short wave infrared radiometer (SWIR subsystem) with a high spectral resolution and a whiskbroom type thermal infrared radiometer (TIR subsystem) with high spatial, spectral and radiometric resolutions. Long life mechanical cryocoolers are developed to enhance the performances of the SWIR and the TIR subsystems.
  • Philip N. SLATER, Kurtis J. THOME, Kohei ARAI, Hiroyuki FUJISADA, Hugh ...
    1995 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 108-115
    発行日: 1995/05/30
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    Preflight and in-flight radiometric calibration plans are described for the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), which is a high spatial resolution imaging spectro-radiometer. It is designed for the remote sensing from orbit of land, lakes, coastal and ocean surfaces, and clouds, and is expected to be launched in 1998 on NASA's EOS AM-1 Spacecraft. ASTER comprises three subsystems which acquire images in three separate spectral regions: the visible and near infrared (VNIR), the shortwave infrared (SWIR), and the thermal infrared (TIR). The absolute radiometric accuracy is required to be better than 4% for VNIR and SWIR radiance measurements, and 1 K to 3 K, depending on the temperature region from 200 K to 370 K, for TIR temperature measurements.
    ASTER will be calibrated in the laboratory by reference to sources traceable to NRLM and NIST standards and through the use of transfer radiometers. Partial aperture on-board calibration systems will be used in the solar-reflective range and an on-board full aperture blackbody source will be used in the infrared. An important independent source of calibration data will be provided through the in-flight radiometric calibration of ASTER by reference to well-characterized scenes.
    This paper very briefly describes the calibration specifications for ASTER, the on-board calibration systems, the preflight and in-flight calibration procedures to be used, and suggests a method for combining the results of the various calibration inputs.
  • 渡辺 宏
    1995 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 116-119
    発行日: 1995/05/30
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    ASTER Ground Data System (ASTER GDS) is a facility which is responsible for the ASTER Mission Operation and the data processing, archive and distribution of ASTER data, with the cooperation of NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). ASTER data will be available from 1998 when ASTER is launched with other sensors to be put on the EOS-AM 1, such as MODIS, MISR, ...The ASTER GDS development at ERSDAC (Earth Resources Satellite Data Analysis Center) has just started with the target to be completed by 1998. The interface with user community and NASA is an indispensable condition for the ASTER GDS development.
  • 高島 勉
    1995 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 120-124
    発行日: 1995/05/30
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    To derive the earth surface (Ocean) parameters efficiently, a contamination of the atmospheric constituents is to be investigated, since their contribution to the satellite data would be about 80-90% in the visible region over the ocean. Thus it is our purpose to present efficient atmospheric correction algorithms to derive parameters involved in ASTER sensor ranging from visible to infrared windows by setting up an appropriate numerical model. A schedule of algorithm development discussed at the US-Japan ASTER team meeting which was held in May, 1994 is shown. Cloud screening, turbid atmosphere, and adjacency effect are main targets for the use of such sophisticated sensor as ASTER.
  • 六川 修一
    1995 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 125-130
    発行日: 1995/05/30
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper describes the derivation of surface temperature and surface emissivity from ASTER data. These parameters are very important in global change study as the basic physical properties. High resolution surface temperature will be one of the essential elements for the study of surface heat balance. The emissivity also has the future potential for mapping surface materials in thermal infrared region. The derivation method of these two parameters is based on the Planck's equation, and it requires an additional empirical relationship in the statistical characteristics of emissivity because this method is an underdetermined problem. Here several derivation methods, such as the model emittance, the normalization, the alpha residual and the MMD methods, are introduced as the candidates of the standard algorithms. The major objective of the project is to determine the algorithm for standard data products. Various activities are required for this purpose. The measurement of spectral characteristics of various surface materials, and the airborne experiments for the simulation study have been executed these few years. A series of airborne experiment by NASA's TIMS played an important role for the algorithm evaluation, and Japanese ASTER airborne simulator having the observation capability with high spectral resolution in TIR region was also used for the same purpose. These activities have promoted the study in thermal infrared remote sensing. Finally the problems related to atmospheric correction was pointed out for a future study.
  • Alan R. GILLESPIE, Douglas H. CLARK
    1995 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 131-141
    発行日: 1995/05/30
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    NASA's EOS Earth-orbiting spacecraft is intended to monitor global change, including climatic change, on the decadal time scale, beginning in 1998. The significance of any climate trends observed or inferred from EOS data is best evaluated against a background of longer-term changes in Holocene and late-Pleistocene climate that must be deduced from the geologic record. Information is recorded in the distribution and weathering of landforms that are created or modified during glaciations, pluvial periods, or other climatic episodes. The ASTER multispectral scanner to be flown on EOS will collect high-resolution images that can help establish relative ages and correlate such landforms over vast areas. With this information we can refine our knowledge and test predictions of paleoclimatic conditions.
  • 山口 靖
    1995 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 142-147
    発行日: 1995/05/30
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) is a multi-spectral imaging radiometer with 60 km imaging swath, 15-90 m spatial resolutions, and 14 spectral bands total in the visible and near-infrared (VNIR), short-wave-infrared (SWIR), and thermal infrared (TIR) regions. Wide spectral coverage and relatively high spatial resolution of ASTER will enable us to discriminate a variety of surface materials while reducing the mixed pixel problems. For instance, the SWIR bands are targeting characteristic absorption features of phyllosilicate and carbonate minerals for the purpose of lithologic mapping. Emissivity patterns derived from the TIR bands will be useful to characterize silicate rocks that are the most abundant rock type on the earth. Data from the VNIR bands with high spatial resolution will be helpful not only to assess iron oxide minerals and vegetation, but also to perform photogeologic interpretation of geologic structures and lithologic mapping based upon topographic textures. The ASTER Science Team plans to provide a spectral data base, which will be used as reference data for surface mapping. There are three types of data categories; global data sets, regional data sets, and local data sets. Since operation of the ASTER instrument will be affected by various constraints such as duty cycle and pointing frequencies, it is necessary to optimize the operation scenario for efficient data acquisition. The Geology Working Group of the ASTER Science Team is currently preparing a global prioritization map that will be used for generation of the global mapping scenario.
  • David C. PIERI, Joy CRISP, Anne B. KAHLE
    1995 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 148-153
    発行日: 1995/05/30
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Relection and Radiometer (ASTER) will have a comprehensive ability to gather digital imaging data across the visible, near, and thermal infrared parts of the spectrum, as well as stereophotogrammentric capability. This simultaneous multiband data, combined with a repeat interval of several times per month, off-track pointing capability, and high spatial resolution (e.g., 15 min visible bands), will provide an unprecedented opportunity to observe a variety of transient phenomena globally (e.g., volcanic eruptins, progressive slope instabilities, flood damege). For some larger events, data from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), both of which have lower spatial resolution, can be effectively combined with ASTER data for more frequent temporal coverage. ASTER will be particularly effective in establishing base level radiometric and topographic descriptions of sites which are undergoing perennial activity or for where activity is suspected in the future, and monitoring crescendo styles of activity before or after an event. More problematic are situations where an expected event finally occurs, or an isolated unexpected event happens. In these latter cases, ASTER's ability to capture the event will depend mainly on shrewd planning, intuition, or more likely in the latter case, luck. Given its spectral flexibility, high spatial resolution, and dynamic range, ASTER will be particularly well-suited for observations of volcanic precursor activity (e.g., monitoring summit crater and fumarole thermal emissions and aerosol, particulate, and SO2 emission levels), surface activity during eruptions (e.g., progression and thermal emissions of active lava flows), and eruption plume morphology and composition.
  • Alan R. GILLESPIE, John B. ADAMS, Milton O. SMITH, Degui GU, E. Donald ...
    1995 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 154-163
    発行日: 1995/05/30
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    NASA's EOS satellite, to be launched in 1998, will carry a high-resolution (≥15m) scanner (ASTER) as well as a moderate-resolution (≥250 m), wide-angle scanner (MODIS). The images produced by these instruments are complementary for measuring and mapping forests at scales from local to global. High-resolution ASTER images permit the accurate identification of distinctive forest units down to tens of meters in size, measurement of the area of forest lands in given categories, and characterization of spectral endmembers necessary for spectral mixture analysis. Wide-angle MODIS images are necessary for regional and global monitoring of forest resources. Used together with MODIS data, ASTER permits more meaningful image classification through distinction between acute anthropogenic effects such as small-scale clear-cutting, and widespread low-level changes in green foliage due to natural causes.
  • 岸野 元彰
    1995 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 164-169
    発行日: 1995/05/30
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    ASTER is characteristic of high spatial resolution. Using the ASTER data, we expect that the studies of oceanography, limnology, lake and sea ice will be possible in detail. Then, we study to develop algorithms about turbidity, aquatic plant, water surface temperature and sea ice. These terms are offered useful informations for the environment science. We wish to report the present status of the studies of application of ASTER data to oceanography, limnology, lake and sea ice.
  • 安岡 善文
    1995 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 170-174
    発行日: 1995/05/30
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    Application of ASTER to monitoring ecosystem and landsurface climatology is introduced with special emphasis on the ASTER science data products on vegetation, soil and coral reaf. ASTER is characterized by the high spatial resolution observation and by the multiple bands observation in the short infrared and thermal infrared wavelength range. It is well known that these characteristics are very useful for the investigation of solid earth surface parameters on minerals and oil, however, it is not yet clear how these characteristics are utilized for monitoring ecosystem parameters on vegetation, soil and waters.
    This paper examines how ASTER plays a role in the terrestrial ecosystem monitoring in the ECS Project and how ASTER can be used for measuring biological and biophysical parameters. The paper also introduces the ASTER data products which are now beeing investigated in the "Ecosystem and Landsurface Climatology Working Group" of the ASTER Science Team.
  • Thomas SCHMUGGE, Karen HUMES
    1995 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 175-181
    発行日: 1995/05/30
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper presents a review of how data from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Radiometer (ASTER) can be used to estimate the energy fluxes from the land surface. The basic concepts of the energy balance at the land surface are presented along with an example of how remotely sensed surface brightness temperatures can be used to estimate the sensible heat. The example is from the Monsoon 90 experiment conducted over an arid watershed in the state of Arizona in the United States.
  • 宮崎 芳徳, 賀来 学, 渡辺 宏
    1995 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 182-189
    発行日: 1995/05/30
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    ASTER instrument carries stereoscopic subsystem consisting of nadir and rear-viewing telescopes operating in the visible-near infrared wavelengths. This subsystem, configured to provide a base-to-height ratio of 0.6, will acquire along-track, digital stereo data at 15 m resolution over a 60 km ground swath. ASTER topographic data will augment that already available from other sources such as ETOPO 5, DCW and DTED, as well as provide the first coherent, global stereo data set. ASTER OPS is a heritage of Japanese Earth Resources satellite (JERS-1) which was designed primarily to deliver hard-copy stereo pictures for stereoscopic viewing and manual interpretation, and therefore had a base-to-height ratio of. one half that of ASTER.
  • 1995 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 190-191
    発行日: 1995/05/30
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
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