For improving the image quality of reproduced images in electronic holographic three-dimensional displays, we are systematically reviewing and developing the structure of liquid crystal spatial light modulators based on liquid crystal alignment behaviors analysis in microscopic areas. Liquid crystal spatial light modulators require driving with a narrow pixel pitch of 1 μm, which provides a practical wide viewing zone angle equivalent to human visual effective viewing angle of 30°. Therefore, based on elastic continuum analysis of liquid crystal alignment we inserted polymer walls to separate small pixels, for suppressing the leakage electric field and the elastic propagation of the liquid crystal alignment between small pixels. In such pixels, by reducing the elastic distortion of the liquid crystal with separating structure in pixels, stable initial alignment was achieved. On the other hand, for suppressing these adjacent pixel effects, driving the ferroelectric liquid crystal by constantly applying bipolar voltages, narrow pitch pixel driving was enabled, and wide viewing angle reproduction was confirmed. An optical diffraction simulation using light propagation method revealed that reconstructed image qualities such as the brightness, resolution, contrast ratio, and noise intensity , depend on non uniformity of the macroscopic liquid crystal layer thickness, disordered liquid crystal alignment within pixels, and the number of drive voltage gradations. Furthermore, for suppressing speckle noise in reconstructed images, which is a practical problem, we proposed the optical phase-disturbing device using liquid crystal alignment fluctuations for display optics, and experimentally confirmed its improvement effect.
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