IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials
Online ISSN : 1347-5533
Print ISSN : 0385-4205
ISSN-L : 0385-4205
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Volume 126, Issue 5
Displaying 1-24 of 24 articles from this issue
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Special Issue on Development of High Sensitive Magnetic Sensing Technologies and their Applications
Special Issue Review
Special Issue Paper
  • Analysis of Document Authentication Technique using Soft Magnetic Fibers
    Ayumi Aoki, Takashi Ikeda, Tsutomu Yamada, Yasushi Takemura, Tsutomu M ...
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 5 Pages 269-275
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.269
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    An artifact-metric system using magnetic fibers can be applied for authentications of stock certificate, bill, passport, plastic cards and other documents. Security of the system is guaranteed by its feature of difficulty in copy. This authentication system is based on randomly dispersed magnetic fibers embedded in documents. In this paper, a theoretical analysis was performed in order to evaluate this system. The position of the magnetic fibers was determined by a conventional function of random number generator. By measuring output waveforms by a magnetoresistance (MR) sensor, a false match rate (FMR) could be calculated. Optimizations of the density of the magnetic fibers and the dimension of the MR sensor were achieved.
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  • Tunnel Magnetoresistance for Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with a Disordered Co2(Cr1-xFex)Al Full-Heusler Alloy Electrode
    Susumu Okamura, Aya Miyazaki, Nobuki Tezuka, Koichiro Inomata
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 5 Pages 276-280
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.276
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    We have investigated the dependence of the crystal structure of the electrode on tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) using a Co2(Cr1-xFex)Al (x = 0.4, 1) electrode. The TMR for x = 1 and 0.4 are respective larger and smaller for the A2 structure than the B2 structure, which is consistent with the calculated spin polarizations. The maximum TMR of 48% is obtained at room temperature (RT) for the MTJ with the A2 type Co2FeAl electrode. However, the TMR for the B2 type Co2(Cr0.6Fe0.4)Al-based MTJ is much smaller than the value expected from the spin polarization. This reduction of the TMR for x = 0.4 might be due to the Co-Cr type atomic site disordering involving in the B2 structure.
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  • Synchronized Re-Entrant Flux Reversal of Multiple FeSiB Amorphous Wires Having the Larger Output
    Minoru Takajo, Jiro Yamasaki
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 5 Pages 281-286
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.281
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    Technique to synchronize the re-entrant flux reversal of the multiple magnetostrictive Fe77.5Si7.5B15 amorphous wires was developed using a flux keeper of amorphous ribbons contacted to the wire ends. It is comprehended that the characteristics of the re-entrant flux takes place respectively at almost the same time in the three Fe-Si-B amorphous wires with a diameter of 65, 95μm. This phenomenon can be explained by considering the strong magnetic coupling of wires and amorphous ribbon by stray field from the each wire ends. As a result, the magnitude of the induced voltage in the sense coil is increased in proportion to the multiplication of the number of the wires.
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  • Self-generation Vibration Sensor Using Levitated Magnet
    Kazuhiro Nishimura, Mitsuteru Inoue
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 5 Pages 287-293
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.287
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    This paper introduces the self-generation vibration sensor using levitated magnet. We have verified experimentally and theoretically that this sensor is available in frequency of 5 to 25 Hz. The frequency response of sensitivity shows the maximal value at certain frequency. These sensitivities obtained 3.9 V/G at 11 Hz for levitated magnet of neodymium and 3.0 V/G at 10 Hz for the magnet of samarium-cobalt, respectively.
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  • Detection of the Cracks using High-Tc SQUID
    Tatsuhiko Fujii, Tae Hyun-sung, Tsuyoshi Takamatsu, Ken Sakuta, Hideo ...
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 5 Pages 294-299
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.294
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    Eddy current non-distractive evaluation (NDE) is very useful technique for detection of cracks. We use the high-Tc SQUID in this system. First, we respect the result of this measurement by the finite element method. We can detect of the signal from the hole by NDE system with high-Tc SQUID. This result is reasonable to compare with the result of simulation. Finaly, we can detect of the hidden defect under 5mm depth from the sample surface.
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  • Examination of a Digital FLL System Design for SQUIDs
    Daisuke Oyama, Koichiro Kobayashi, Takayuki Simizu, Masahito Yoshizawa ...
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 5 Pages 300-305
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.300
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    Biomagnetic field measurements in unshielded environment require both large dynamic range and high slew rate. Noise amplitudes at 50Hz and under 10 Hz of significantly more than 1μT are not at all exotic in an industrial or a hospital environment. A digital FLL (D-FLL) system for a SQUID magnetometer has high resolution and large dynamic range of magnetic field. Slew rate of a D-FLL system by using a double-counter is limited by its digital feedback loop. It can increase the slew rate that optimum feedback loop gain is divided into an analog preamplifier and a digital amplifier on a microcontroller. We show design method of their amplifiers. The slew rate of a D-FLL system with optimum amplifiers is 483 Φ0/s , and its noise level is about 50.0fT√Hz@120Hz.
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Special Issue Letter
  • Magnetic Annealing effect on Magnetoelastic Ribbons for Remote Viscosity Sensors
    Yuriko Shimojo, Masaki Nakamura, Nobuaki Kutsuzawa, Osamu Ishii
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 5 Pages 306-307
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.306
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    This letter describes the effect of annealing for magnetoelastic ribbon as a remote viscosity sensors. Magnetoelastic ribbon was placed in an AC magnetic field generated by an external coil. The vibration of the ribbon could be monitored with a pickup coil and it reached its maximum value at the mechanical resonant frequency based on the magnetostriction effect. Non-uniform stress and dispersed magnetic anisotropy direction of ribbon causes instability of mechanical resonant frequency. This stability was markedly improved by annealing the ribbon at 380 °C for 10 min. in transverse magnetic field of 100 Oe.
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  • Fe-based Nanocrystalline Alloy Ribbon as Coaxial Cable Shielding Material
    Masaki Nakamura, Hirotaka Satake, Osamu Ishii, Shiro Kambe, Yoshihito ...
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 5 Pages 308-309
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.308
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    This paper describes the application of an Fe-based nanocrystalline ribbon as a shielding material for coaxial cable in the 10 MHz to 1GHz frequency range. A 0.01 mm thick Fe-based amorphous ribbon was converted into an Fe-based nanocrystalline ribbon by annealing it at 570 °C for 10 min. The ribbon exhibited high impedance characteristics when it was annealed in a transverse magnetic field. The noise attenuation value of cable covered with Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy ribbon annealed in a transverse magnetic field was 12.9 dB. This value exhibited 13 % higher than that of cable covered with Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy ribbon annealed without a magnetic field.
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Paper
  • AC Breakdown Properties of Bamboo-Ice Composite System at Cryogenic Region
    Yuhei Shiji, Yuji Muramoto, Noriyuki Shimizu
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 5 Pages 310-316
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.310
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    In recent years biomaterials attract attention in various fields to solve environmental problems. Bamboo is naturally decomposed and characterized by its excellent elasticity, split and water absorption property. We consider that bamboo-ice composite system can be used as a substitute of GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics), which is not decomposed, in electrical insulation system at cryogenic region. In this paper we will report the effect of water absorption on ac breakdown of bamboo-ice composite system in liquid nitrogen. Ac breakdown properties of bamboo-ice composite system depend on water absorption and structure of bamboo.
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  • Light Source Width Observation System for the Evaluation of the Diameter of Lightning Discharge Column
    Xayphone Bounsou, Katsumi Masugata, Thanapol Tantisattayakul, Iwao Kit ...
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 5 Pages 317-320
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.317
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    To evaluate the diameter of lightning discharge column, a unique image observation system has been developed. The system utilizes a video camera and an array of multi-wires. The wire make the shadow in the image of the light source and from the light intensity profile of the shadow the width of the light source is estimated. By using the dummy light source, good agreement has been obtained in the light intensity profile between observed and the calculated. The resolution was evaluated and found that it is one order enhanced as that evaluated from the image width. The system was successfully utilized to observe the real lightning discharges.
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  • C6H6 Decomposition Using Barrier Discharge
    — Estimation of Reaction Processes in Ar at Low O2 Concentrations —
    Naohiko Goto, Satoshi Kudo
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 5 Pages 321-327
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.321
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    The C6H6 decomposition at atmospheric pressure is investigated using a barrier discharge in Ar at less than 4% O2. C6H6 in the presence of O2 in Ar is decomposed to CO, CO2, H2O, and HCOOH. Concentrations of these products are shown versus the concentration of C6H6 decomposed with different amounts of electrical inputs, flow rates, and initial C6H6 concentrations. At 4% O2, concentrations of CO and HCOOH are proportional to the concentration of C6H6 decomposed. The concentrations of CO2 and H2O increase with increasing concentration of C6H6 decomposed at flow rate of 1000mL/min. However, at flow rates of 200mL/min and 500mL/min, the concentrations of CO2 and H2O do not increase with increasing concentration of C6H6 decomposed. As results of considering the dependence of the concentration of products and a simple calculation for chemical reactions, the concentration of O atoms produced by the discharge determines not the concentration of C6H6 decomposed but the concentrations of products.
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  • Characteristics of Discharge in a DC Corona Reactor for Removing Dilute SF6
    Yasushi Minamitani, Toshiyuki Sugimoto, Yoshio Higashiyama
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 5 Pages 328-334
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.328
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    A DC corona reactor using electron attachment is utilized to remove dilute fluorocarbon in an air-conditioning unit or SF6 in a gas circuit breaker. By employing helium gas to purge the low concentrated gas in the unit, corona onset voltage in the corona reactor decreases. We observed the characteristics of corona discharge for the pure helium gas with flow and for the helium gas contained dilute SF6 gas at atmospheric pressure. In pure helium gas, luminous spots appeared along the discharging wire. The number of luminous spots without gas flow increased stepwise with the discharging current. In contrast, the luminous spots decreased as the gas flow rate increased. In the helium gas containing dilute SF6, corona discharge occurred uniformly along the discharging wire initially. As the time elapsed, the discharge aspects drastically changed: The discharge voltage gradually decreased to that in the pure helium gas and the uniform corona discharge along the discharging wire changed to a single spot.
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  • Three - Dimensional Analysis of Light Transmittance in Many Optical Spheroids
    Taro Yoshida, Yoshihiro Murooka, Kunihiko Hidaka, Mototaka Sone
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 5 Pages 335-340
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.335
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    This paper describes the optical transmittance of many optical spheroids arranged on a straight line, which have analogy with tiny bubbles existing in liquid. By using an analytical method proposed by the authors, the optical transmittance has been computed under each optical spheroid being rotated by a small amount of angle. Here, the size of optical spheroid and the gap distance between adjacent spheroids are mainly considered. The present analytical computation brings such an optical condition as light can be effectively transmitted through many optical spheroids. The maximum transmittance of light reaching 100% is realized under the following conditions where the size of optical spheroid (lx, ly, lz) is (1.0168,1.02,1.0), the normalized gap length between adjacent optical spheroids is 0.15-0.16 or 0.185, and the rotation angles of θ and φ are 0.51 and 0 degrees, respectively.
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  • Index for Radiation from Signal Line Driven by Digital IC
    Chiharu Miyazaki, Yuichi Sasaki, Naoto Oka, Masamitsu Tokuda
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 5 Pages 341-348
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.341
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    The index for normal-mode radiations from a signal line was studied. Even if some digital IC have a same function, the radiation from a signal line changes with kinds and manufacturers of digital IC. In order to calculate this difference of the normal mode radiations, the output model of digital IC was consisted of a voltage source and an output resistor. The output resistance is calculated from output voltages of digital IC and an input impedance of a signal line in order to consider the switching characteristics of digital IC. The calculated values of the normal-mode radiations by using the output model of digital IC agreed very well with the measurement results. And the authors proposed the ratio of an open-circuit output voltage and an output resistance of digital IC as the index for the normal-mode radiation from a signal line. This ratio is valid as the index, because the normal-mode radiation is closely correlative with this index. And it was confirmed that the maximum value of the normal-mode radiation was able to be calculated by using this index.
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  • Production of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by using Graphite Arc Discharge in Fe(OH)3 Colloidal Solution
    Kiminobu Imasaka, Yusuke Kanatake, Junya Suehiro, Masanori Hara
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 5 Pages 349-354
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.349
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    In this study, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were produced by thermal treatment of Fe(OH)3 colloidal solution after graphite arc discharge in the solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the heat-treated powders showed that magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (γ-Fe2O3 or Fe3O4) were produced by the phase transformation from α-Fe2O3 at the thermal treatment temperature over 500°C. The XRD pattern also indicated that the graphite powders produced by the arc discharge were contained in the Fe(OH)3 colloidal solution, suggesting that the graphite powders contributed to the reduction process of α-Fe2O3.
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  • Analysis of Electric Field Induced by ELF Magnetic Field Utilizing Fast-Multipole Surface-Charge-Simulation Method for Voxel Data
    Shoji Hamada, Tetsuo Kobayashi
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 5 Pages 355-362
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.355
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    This paper presents a fast-multipole surface-charge-simulation method for calculating three-dimensional Laplacian fields in voxel models. This method treats a surface of a voxel that has different inside and outside conductivities as a surface element of the indirect BEM(Boundary Element Method). The main features of the proposed method are as follows. (1) An O(D2) performance in the memory-capacity and operation-cost is provided by applying the diagonal form Fast-Multipole-Method, when the number of voxels is about D3. (2) The boundary matching is imposed by the continuity of the total flux passing through each element, which guarantees the solution globally satisfying the Gauss' law, therefore the solution is globally stabilized. This method is successfully applied to calculate the electric field induced by an applied homogeneous ELF(Extremely Low Frequency) magnetic field in a human head model that has 1mm×1mm×1mm voxel size.
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  • Effect of Antioxidants on DC Tree and Grounded DC Tree in XLPE
    Hiroshi Kawanami, Isao Komatsu, Yasuo Sekii, Mitsugu Saito, Kazuyuki S ...
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 5 Pages 363-368
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.363
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    To study the effects of antioxidants on the initiation of the DC tree and the grounded DC tree, experiments were conducted using XLPE specimens containing phenolic and sulfur type antioxidants. Experimental results showed that sulfur type antioxidants in XLPE have the effect of increasing inception voltages of both the DC tree and the grounded DC tree. Based on results of those experiments, the mechanism of increase in the inception voltage of the DC tree and the grounded DC tree by antioxidants was examined along with the mechanism of polarity effects on those trees. Results showed a promotional effect of charge injection from a needle electrode by antioxidants, which are responsible for the increased inception voltages of the DC tree. Charge trapping by antioxidants explains the increase of inception voltages of the grounded DC tree.
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  • Thermoelectric Properties of n-type Sm2-xCexCuO4 Thin Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition
    Yutaka Yoshida, Tomoki Yoshikawa, Yusuke Ichino, Yoshiaki Takai
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 5 Pages 369-373
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.369
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    Sm2-xCexCuO4 (SCCO) thin films (x = 0 - 0.10) were deposited on MgO (100) and SrTiO3 (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition method. From the x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, the SCCO thin films on the SrTiO3(STO) substrate were confirmed that c-axis was parallel to the substrate normal and in-plane alignment was cube-on-cube for the substrate. The Seebeck coefficient and the resistivity decreased with the increasing an amount of Ce4+ substitution. We calculated the power factor from these values and found that the highest value of 1.14 mW/mK2 at 323 K was achieved by the SCCO thin film with x = 0.02. So, as a result of repeated measurements of the thermoelectric properties in the high temperature more than 700 K, the high stability of the SCCO thin films was confirmed.
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  • Thermoelectric Properties of p-type La2-xMxCuO4 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) Thin Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition Method
    Yutaka Yoshida, Tomoki Yoshikawa, Yusuke Ichino, Yoshiaki Takai
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 5 Pages 374-378
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.374
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    La2-xMxCuO4 (LMCO:M=Ba, Sr, Ca) thin films were deposited on SrTiO3 (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition method. From the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, the SCCO (Sm2-xCexCuO4) thin films on the SrTiO3(STO) substrate were confirmed that c-axis was parallel to the substrate normal and in-plane alignment was cube-on-cube for the substrate. The Seebeck coefficient and the resistivity decreased with the increasing an amount of M-element substitution. We calculated the power factor from these values and found that the highest value of 1.2 mW/mK2 at 330 K was achieved by the La2-xSrxCO thin film with x = 0.02. This value was almost equal to the reported value in Bi2Te3 film at room temperature. High power factor values in low temperature demonstrate the potential of RE2CuO4 system for the thermoelectric device.
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  • Reduction of Sound Distortion for a Magnetic Circuit in a Loudspeaker Based on Finite Element Analysis
    Yasuhiro Shiraki, Mikio Watanabe, Masashi Okabe, Shiro Koga
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 5 Pages 379-384
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.379
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    A new magnetic circuit for a low distortion loudspeaker has been studied using a finite element analysis considering a minor hysteresis loop. The magnetic materials in the vicinity of the voice coil are magnetized by fields both AC currents and a permanent magnet. A minor hysteresis loop is induced by this magnetization. The incremental permeability of minor hysteresis loop effects on the sound distortion. We calculated the flux distribution of the magnetic circuit using a finite element method, considering the incremental permeability of the minor hysteresis loop obtained by an experimental method. It is clarified the relation between the sound distortion caused by the flux distribution and the magnetic structure. The developed magnetic circuit has a pole piece which has a hole at the upper surface and which is located higher than the plate.
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  • Effects of Photocatalysis and Decrease of Electrical Resistivity under UV Irradiation on TiO2 Thin Films by RF Magnetron Sputtering Method
    Takahiro Hayakawa, Kiyozumi Niizuma, Yoshio Utsushikawa
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 5 Pages 385-390
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.385
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    In this paper, the authors clarified effects of photocatalysis and decrease of electrical resistivity under UV irradiation on TiO2 thin films prepared under Ar+O2 atmosphere by RF magnetron sputtering method. From the result of XRD, thin films prepared under Ar+10˜50%O2 atmosphere formed structure of anatase, and films with structures of anatase and rutile were formed under Ar+60˜80%O2 atmosphere. For TiO2 thin films prepared at gas pressure of 3.0 Pa under Ar+40%O2 atmosphere, contact angle for water showed 9°under UV irradiation for 240 min. and decomposition rate of methylene blue showed -0.067 under UV irradiation for 120 min. Therefore, photocatalytic activity was the most excellent at gas pressure of 3.0 Pa under Ar+40%O2 atmosphere. Moreover, it revealed that electrical resistivity ρ for TiO2 thin films prepared under the same conditions changed from 8.0×103 Ω·m to 2.0×10-2 Ω·m under UV irradiation for 60 min. It clarified that effects of photocatalysis and decrease of electrical resistivity are considerably influenced by gas pressure in preparing TiO2 thin films.
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Letter
  • A Practice of the Simple Learning Management System
    Takashi Miyagoshi, Hiroki Doshita, Koji Okino, Masato Tajima
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 5 Pages 391-392
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.391
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    Recently, the LMS ( Learning Management System) of the Blackboard, the WebCt, the Moodle and the Wiki etc. are utilized at the time of e-learning execution. We constructed a simple learning management system with the PukiWiki which is a derivative edition of the Wiki. In this system, the page which the Web page reader is perusing can be edited freely. Moreover, not only a teacher can equally treat the functions used before easily, but a student can create and expand his pages freely. We applied this system to the programming exercise with Java language. When students present a subject, the certainty and convenience are verified since the process are automatically recorded with time.
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Errata
  • [title in Japanese]
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 5 Pages E1
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2006
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    Wrong:(11) S. Sumi and K. Horri : “Study on the process of predischarge in rocket-triggered lightning by streak photograph”, T. IEE Japan, Vol. 117-B, pp. 506-512 (1997)
    Right:(11) S. Sumi and K. Horri : “Study on the process of predischarge in rocket-triggered lightning by streak photograph”, T. IEE Japan, Vol. 117-B, pp. 506-512 (1997) (in Japanese)
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