巻号一覧
38 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の11件中1～11を表示しています
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島田 力1992 年 38 巻 3 号 p. 209-227
発行日: 1992/06/30
公開日: 2008/05/30
ジャーナル フリーHuman liver microsomes contain multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 (P-450), and the individual P-450 forms have considerable, but overlapping, substrate specificities. In contrast to experimental animals human shows large interindividual variations in P-450-catalyzed drug oxidations, and these variations have sometimes been recognized as risk factors in individuals to cause drug-induced toxicity, carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Thus, the efforts have been made to purify several P-450 enzymes in the human liver, and to characterize these enzymes involved in the metabolism of drugs, toxic chemicals and environmental carcinogens. Recent interests have also been focused on the isolation of cDNA clones coding several human P-450 enzymes and on the characterization and regulation of the gene products using recombinant DNA technology. This review is, therefore, undertaken to summarize recent progress in human liver P-450 enzymes involved in the oxidation of chemicals which are of environmental interest. The biochemical properties and possible roles of individual human P-450 enzymes are described considerably.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1842K) -
佐藤 政男1992 年 38 巻 3 号 p. 228-239
発行日: 1992/06/30
公開日: 2008/05/30
ジャーナル フリーA biological role of metallothionein (MT) as a radical scavenger has been proposed. The hypothesis is based on the following two observations. One is that MT is induced by exposure to radical generating conditions such as paraquat, carbon tetrachloride or fasting. The stimuli induce not only MT synthesis but also oxygen radical formation and lipid peroxidation in the rat liver. However, the enhanced lipid peroxidation does not necessarily induce the MT synthesis, since pretreatment with vitamin E prevented only lipid peroxidation. Possible factors contributing to MT induction should be investigated. The other one is that preinduction of MT prevented lipid peroxidation or toxicity by free radicals without influencing levels of other free radical scavenging factors such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and non-protein thiol. Cells with high contents of MT were resistant to X-irradiation, which produces hydroxyl radicals. It was, however, shown that free radicals cannot be scavenged efficiently by MT. Further studies are required to establish the role of MT as a radical scavenger in biological anti-oxidant systems.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1288K) -
中熊 秀光, 田島 幸治, 佐藤 市子, 小西 鐵朗1992 年 38 巻 3 号 p. 240-246
発行日: 1992/06/30
公開日: 2008/05/30
ジャーナル フリーA new and simple method was developed for determining volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in the soil, such as dichloromethane, 1, 1-dichloroethylene, trans-1, 2-dichloroethylene, cis-1, 2-dichloroethylene, 1, 1-dichloroethane, 1, 2-dichloroethane, chloroform, 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene. The sample was shaken with ethanol for 2 h. The target compounds in the extract were determined by GC/MS using the head-space analysis. The volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in 5 species of soil were determined with recoveries of more than 90%. The changes of the concentrations of the target compounds in the soil suspended in ethanol were in the range of 88-121% according to the four times determination of the ethanol extract for a week. These results indicate that the volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in the soil were recovered completely by this ethanol extraction procedure. This method is characterized by the fact that the ethanol extraction results in a good recovery with well-defined peaks of the target compounds, and moreover that the soil sample is adequately preserved without loss of recovery.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (772K) -
小野寺 祐夫, 入子 祥子, 鈴木 静夫1992 年 38 巻 3 号 p. 247-257
発行日: 1992/06/30
公開日: 2008/05/30
ジャーナル フリーA series of fatty acids and their triglycerides were subjected to chlorination under similar conditions to those for water chlorination. Unsaturated fatty acids were more reactive towards chlorine than their corresponding ester derivatives, as shown by the reaction rate and the extent of chlorine incorporation. However, saturated fatty acids did not react with chlorine. A number of chlorinated and oxygenated products of these reactions were tentatively identified using electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Chlorohydrin, as a major product, resulting from the reaction of oleic acid with chlorine was stable in water. However, chlorohydrins and dichlorohydrins formed by the reactions of linoleic or linolenic acid with chlorine further reacted with chlorine to give organic chlorinated compounds which were stable in water.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (955K) -
渡辺 一弘, 岩田 一幸, 丹代 優香, 西澤 信, 山岸 喬, 吉沢 逸雄1992 年 38 巻 3 号 p. 258-262
発行日: 1992/06/30
公開日: 2008/05/30
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of soluble sodium alginate of average molecular weight (A.M.W.), 1×104 (AG-1), 5×104 (AG-5) or 1×105 (AG-10) on the excretion of 3H-labeled cholesterol, Trp-P-1 and aflatoxin B1 in rat were compared with those of commercially available sodium alginate (A.M.W. : 2.7×106, AG-270) and polydextrose. In rats administered 3H-cholesterol, the simultaneous administration of AG-10 or AG-270 (100mg/kg) significantly increased the amount of isotope excreted in feces. The administration of AG-5 or AG-10 (1000 mg/kg) after the administration of the tested compounds increased the amounts isotope excretion into feces, and decreased significantly those into urine. The administration of AG-1, however, showed no effect. These results indicate that AG-5 and AG-10 exhibited the same accelerating effects on the excretion of the tested compounds as AG-270.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (558K) -
本田 俊哉, 足立 達美, 甲斐 真弓, 浄住 護雄, 児島 昭次1992 年 38 巻 3 号 p. 263-269
発行日: 1992/06/30
公開日: 2008/05/30
ジャーナル フリーThe reactions of 2-isopropylnaphthalene (2-IPN) with hypochlorite and the hepatic and renal toxicities of the raction products in mice were studied. The reaction rate of 2-IPN with hypochlorite increased with a rise in reaction temperature and decreased with a rise in pH. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses indicated that the reaction products of 2-IPN with hypochlorite include the chlorosubstituted and oxygenated compounds of 2-IPN. The administration of the reaction products of 2-IPN with hypochlorite to mice significantly elevated plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, but did not change the level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (693K) -
外海 泰秀, 津村 ゆかり, 中村 優美子, 松木 宏晃, 伊藤 誉志男1992 年 38 巻 3 号 p. 270-281
発行日: 1992/06/30
公開日: 2008/05/30
ジャーナル フリーAnalytical method for detemination of 12 kinds of fungicides containing unstable captan, captafol, folpet etc. in the preparation of test solution were studied by FTD-and FPD-GC. Dicloran, chlorothalonil, vinclozolin, procymidone, iprodione and imazalil were determined by FTD-GC, and dichlofluanid, edifenphos, isoprothiolane, captan, captafol and folpet were determined by FPD-GC. The reason for the low recoveries of captan, captafol and folpet from the test sample were studied, and it was found that some food components remained in the test solution prompted to decompose the 3 pesticides when the test solution was injected into gas chromatograph. It was clarified that the treatment of the sample with zinc acetate as clean-up of the test solution was very effective to remove some of food components as well as fatty acids as a precipitate and to prevent decomposition of the 3 pesticides. Test solutions for allium vegetables were cleaned up by column chromatography using silica gel after treatment of the solutions with zinc acetate. Recoveries of the 12 fungicides, except imazalil, added to 17 kinds of agricultural products (0.1-1.0 ppm) were 73.9-103.8% by the proposed method.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1078K) -
森 康明, 後藤 純雄, 小野寺 祐夫, 内藤 昭治, 滝谷 昭司, 松下 秀鶴1992 年 38 巻 3 号 p. 282-288
発行日: 1992/06/30
公開日: 2008/05/30
ジャーナル フリーThis paper describes high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) determinations of halogenated pyrenes in water by use of LiChrosorb RP-18 column as a stationary phase and acetonitrile/water as a mobile phase. The method consists of the following 3 procedures : extraction of halogenated pyrenes from water samples with benzene, cleaning up by one dimensional dual-band thin layer chromatography, identification and determination of halogenated pyrenes by HPLC. The calibration curves of pyrene (Py), 1-chloropyrene (PyCl), 1-bromopyrene (PyBr), 1, 8-, 1, 6-, 1, 3-dichloropyrene (PyCl2) and 1, 8-dibromopyrene (PyBr2) were linear over the range of 0-2 ng for Py and PyCl, 0-4 ng for each PyCl2, and 0-20 ng for PyBr and 1, 8-PyBr2. The minimum detectable amounts of Py and each halogenated pyrenes (s/n=4) were 0.1 ng for Py, 0.05 ng for PyCl, 0.2 ng for 1, 8-PyCl2, 0.25 ng for 1, 6-PyCl2, 0.7 ng for 1, 3-PyCl2 and 1.0 ng for PyBr and PyBr2. The proposed method has been applied to determine the halogenated compounds in chlorinated-river water spiked with 100 μg/l pyrene. The concentrations of halogenated compounds were 0.67 μg/l for PyCl, 17.1 μg/l for PyBr, 3.87 μg/l for PyCl2 and 14.0 μg/l for PyBr2.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (737K) -
田口 信夫, 平田 恵子, 天川 映子, 大西 和夫, 西島 基弘, 坂井 千三, 濱田 昭1992 年 38 巻 3 号 p. 289-294
発行日: 1992/06/30
公開日: 2008/05/30
ジャーナル フリーA method for the determination of bromine in food products by ion chromatography was developed. Three grams of sample was ashed in alkaline solution in a nickel crucible at 500°C. The ashed residue dissolved in deionized water was filtrated through a membrane filter and the filtrate was applied to ion chromatography. The eluted ions were monitored at 193 nm with a spectrophotometric detector. A chloride ion in 4500 fold excess had no interfering effect on the determination of a bromide ion. The recoveries from food products examined were 90.0-102%. The determination limit was 0.5 μg/g in food. The proposed method was found to be efficient for the determination of total bromine in foods.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (596K) -
佐々木 一郎, 打和 秀世, 村上 梅司1992 年 38 巻 3 号 p. 295-299
発行日: 1992/06/30
公開日: 2008/05/30
ジャーナル フリーIt has been reported that histidine present in food samples sometimes interfered with the Ames test. We have investigated the amount of histidine in peptides in food samples interfering with the Ames test and examined the mutagenicity of the peptide containing histidine by three other methods which are not interfered in the presence of histidine ; umu test, rec-assay and forward mutation test using Escherichia coli WP2uvrA/pKM101. The number of colony of Salmonella typhimurium TA100 increased depending on the amount of the casein tryptic peptide added in the Ames test. Similar results were obtained by the use of the same amount of histidine as that contained in this peptide. No mutagenicity, however, was detected by the above three other methods. These results indicate that the mutagenicity of foods containing histidine should be examined not only by the Ames test but also by the other tests that are not interfered in the presence of histidine.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (520K) -
足立 昌子, 赤松 規子, 祝迫 恵子, 仙石 美穂, 小林 正1992 年 38 巻 3 号 p. 300-303
発行日: 1992/06/30
公開日: 2008/05/30
ジャーナル フリーThe removal efficiency of phenols from the treatment plant of chemical wastewater by use of activated carbon adsorption and coagulation precipitation processes was investigated. The results of monitoring for one year showed that the removal efficiency of phenols from wastewater by the treatment was on the average 73.6%. Our experiments showed that the prolongation of reaction time of activated carbon adsorption to 30 min sufficiently improved the removal efficiency of phenols. Activated carbon adsorption process was very effective to remove phenols, but coagulation precipitation process was not effective.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (466K)
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