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佐野 将昭, 安川 宏紀, 吉田 聖子
2014 年 130 巻 p.
1-10
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/07/01
ジャーナル
フリー
Ship is under way side by side in close proximity to the other ship in the case of meeting/overtaking in a narrow waterway or ship to ship transfer operation. Since it is required to understand the hydrodynamic force characteristics for safe navigation, a lot of studies on them have been done so far. However there have been few studies on the hull to rudder interactions between two ships alongside except for the previous study by authors.
1) This study is a continuous work and the shallow water effect on them is discussed. Captive model tests were conducted in shallow water, i.e. the depth/draft ratio 1.2 and 1.5, with variations in the lateral clearance between hulls, hull drift angle and rudder angle. The authors found, for example, when a ship steered, the lift interaction force acted not only on the self-ship but also on the other ship moving side by side in close proximity. It turned in the opposite direction and its acting point was also shifted with decrease of water depth. The experimental results were compared with the numerical analysis based on a nonlinear lifting body theory and it was able to capture the tendency of the shallow water effect on those hydrodynamic force characteristics.
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榊原 繁樹, 阿部 郁男, 津金 正典, 久保 雅義
2014 年 130 巻 p.
11-21
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/07/01
ジャーナル
フリー
Many sea disasters of vessels moored along the terminals occurred during the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami. We conducted surveys of the sea disasters for two large crude oil carriers moored at dolphin terminals. The mooring lines breakages happened not only in the tsunami attack but also in the seismic vibrations. In this study, we have composed a time domain model to estimate the moored ship behavior due to oscillations of dolphins during earthquake, and investigated the Aframax tanker behavior moored at dolphins during the seismic vibration which was actually recorded at the harbor. It is clarified that there is a possibility to push out the tanker and induce the mooring line breakage due to oscillations of dolphins during earthquake.
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石倉 歩, 脇田 礼三, 林 祐司, 村井 康二
2014 年 130 巻 p.
22-29
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/07/01
ジャーナル
フリー
In a harbor, vessels frequently need the assistance of tug boats, for example, when berthing, escorting or towing. These are a great help for vessels' navigation and for the traffic efficiency. There has been sparse research on the subject of tug boats, due to the specific character of tug boats' work. For the purpose of learning more about safe tug operation, we must know how often there are, or have been, near-misses for tug crew. In this study, we distributed more than 2,000 questionnaires to tug crew all over Japan and received the sufficient answers to analyze the point of problem. This will be a useful tool for enhancing safety and mutual understanding between the tug boat operators and the assisted vessel. From the collected results of those questionnaires, we could consider that the most of crew members of tug boat are aware of risks in many situations. Therefore, we propose that this fact should be made public, especially to those tug boat operators and also the assisted vessel side. In a final conclusion, our work for this study should be helpful to minimize the near-miss or improve the safety environment.
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黒田 貴子, 庄司 邦昭, 田口 晴邦, 田村 兼吉
2014 年 130 巻 p.
30-36
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/07/01
ジャーナル
フリー
The present paper describes an example analysis and recurrence prevention of capsizing and sinking accident of a chemical tanker which occurred off Niigata Sado Island in January, 2011. In this accident, heel angle of the chemical tanker running in quartering sea from port side became large, and finally the chemical tanker capsized and sank. Authors analyzed the situation of the chemical tanker during accident. The cause of this accident is sea water flooded to the ballast tank by the defect of the flood prevention function of the air pipe. Firstly, steady heel occurred because the shipping water stagnated on the upper deck and expansion trunk of the chemical tanker, and it was also flooded to the ballast tank due to the defect of the air pipe. A repetition of these phenomena increased the heel angle and caused capsizing and sinking. Based on this analysis result, Japan Transport Safety Board proposed to the minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism that the air pipe head must be serviced regularly.
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高 博昭, 和田 雅昭, 松本 浩文, 畑中 勝守
2014 年 130 巻 p.
37-43
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/07/01
ジャーナル
フリー
Osaka bay is very congested area, since many fishing vessels catch fishes, and many ferries and freighters come and go. In order to prevent maritime accidents, ship operators, operations managers, and pilots desire real-time positional informations about large vessels, small vessels, and fishing gears. The authors have already achieved information dissemination about positional informations of large and small vessels. However, the authors haven't acquired positional informations of fishing gears yet. The ultimate goal of this study is attaining safety and efficient navigation by providing real-time positional informations. In order to approach the goal, this paper presents an auto extraction method, which picks out the starting and finishing points of fishing using positional information of the fishing vessel. These points are very important to predict real-time positions of fishing gears. The authors focused on fishing vessels for Spanish mackerel drift net fishing, and extracted the casting start point and the hauling finish point. From evaluation results, the auto extraction method indicates the different distance less than 500 meters compared with factual starting/fishing points of fishing. This result is sufficient to achieve safety navigation.
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Vivanda MODASO, Hisaaki TAKAYAMA, Kenichi SHIMIZU, Mitsuharu YAGI
2014 年 130 巻 p.
44-49
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/07/01
ジャーナル
フリー
In the previous report, the authors compared the hull form of canoe to that of Japanese Wasen and examined the possibility of applying Wasen's Ro-scull to canoe in order to transfer the skill of working Japanese Wasen's Ro-scull to traditional Indonesian outrigger canoe (hereinafter just called canoe). As the result, it was difficult from the viewpoint of stability to apply the Ro-scull of Japanese Wasen, which was operated by a person standing up, to the canoe hull form. Therefore, it was found the enhancement of stability was necessary by mounting a floating structure on the after part of canoe to reduce oscillation in addition to Rogui and Rodoko, a bed to which Rogui was mounted. Rogui is a pivot for Ro-scull and becomes a fulcrum when a Wasen is propelled by the Ro-scull. In this report, authors made trials for improving the hull form of canoe and evaluated the stability through the experimental confirmation about the optimal distance between outriggers when working a Ro-scull.
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塩飽 朋之, Vivanda Modaso, 高山 久明, 清水 健一
2014 年 130 巻 p.
50-54
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/07/01
ジャーナル
フリー
In the previous report, the authors examined the potential of transfer of the skill of working a Ro-scull to traditional Indonesian outrigger canoe (hereinafter just called canoe). Since the "Ro-scull" has been primarily used in traditional Japanese Wasen boat, it is difficult to apply Ro-scull directly to canoe with the hull form different from that of Wasen. The authors intended to find from image analysis the way of working a Ro-scull of canoe in comparison with Wasen and the suitable way of working that. The authors also intended to search the impact of varied skill level to work a Ro-scull on the introduction of working a Ro-scull to canoe from the comparison among testees with different skill level. In consequence, the following became apparent: (1) the motion of working a Ro-scull of canoe is smaller than that of Wasen since a testee could not plant its feet firmly on a canoe floor because of narrower breadth than Wasen; and (2) as for the difference of skill level, there was no clear distinction by testee because of the narrow range in which the blade apex of Ro-scull moved.
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王 涛, 稲石 正明
2014 年 130 巻 p.
55-61
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/07/01
ジャーナル
フリー
This research aims to obtain traffic route design guidelines based on marine traffic flow characteristics. The traffic route design guidelines were obtained from the result of simulation using a ship cluster behavior model which is able to emerged marine traffic flows based on the interaction of ship to ship and ship to route. The marine traffic flow simulations were performed with distance, width, deflection angle of traffic route, approach distance, exit run-up distance, number of inlet/outlet ways and traffic volume. The simulation results were analyzed using the group navigation energy and frequency of near miss. Fourteen traffic route design guidelines were acquired. Some design guidelines are shown below. ①Interaction between ships on the two-way traffic route is larger than that between ships on the one-way traffic route. ②When the approach distance is short, a near miss occurs and the interaction level between ships also increases. ③There is a minimum required approach distance for navigation safety. ④If the route width can be set up widely, the interaction level of an approach domain can be decreased.
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山崎 礼華, 和田 雅昭, 佐野 稔, 高 博昭
2014 年 130 巻 p.
62-68
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/07/01
ジャーナル
フリー
Resource management is required in order to persistently use a limited aquatic resources. We give an example of Enteroctopus dofleini, in the Rumoi. It is necessary to know amount for the resource management. It is possible to know the distribution of the catch from the operation area and the catch. 2.5 kg of the minimum catch in weight is used for assignment of a catch. Distribution divides a fishery into the grid of 100 square meters, and shows it. Fisherman will be operated from 1 times to 6 times on the day and a fishery will be performed multiple times in the same fishery in order to catch Enteroctopus dofleini. A track consists of a operation and a movement. Only a moving track is removed using an automatic extraction algorithm. When an automatic extraction algorithm was applied, compared with the result which carried out manual extraction the extraction rate of a fishery is 95%, and the difference of the number of individuals of calculated resources was within plus or minus one.
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松本 浩文, 古莊 雅生, 下岡 尚輔, 小野 昌也
2014 年 130 巻 p.
69-75
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/07/01
ジャーナル
フリー
In this study, the authors studied the effectiveness and significance for fishing boats using AIS (Class B) with simplified functions. As for research methods, the authors conducted a survey targeting fishermen who use AIS (Class B) as well as using AIS data and radar images. The authors clarify the points what require attention and cautions for navigators upon using both radar and AIS (Class B). The result of this study are obtained as follows; (1) The questionnaire survey on fishermen has made it clear that AIS (Class B) had been evaluated as being useful for maritime safety. Quantitative analysis of questionnaire data indicates that fishermen have high expectations for practical use of AIS (Class B). (2) It showed case studies in which AIS (Class B) information from the fishing boats could not be used even at sea within 4 nautical miles. Moreover, it shed light on the tasks which required attention when navigators superimposed it with radar.
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行平 真也, 高山 久明, 坂井 宏光, 養父 志乃夫
2014 年 130 巻 p.
76-80
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/07/01
ジャーナル
フリー
In this study, the authors examined the educational effect of on-board training whose field was the sea as the education enhancing the consciousness about the marine environmental preservation (environmental education). For that purpose, the authors carried out the questionnaire survey that contained the questions corresponding to six indexes of environmental education, including (i) awareness, (ii) knowledge, (iii) attitude, (iv) skill, (v) evaluation, and (vi) participation, before and after the on-board training. As a result, it was found that there was a tendency that particularly the students' consciousness of (ii) knowledge, (iv) skill, (v) evaluation, and (vi) participation increased after the on-board training. Consequently, it was suggested that the on-board training had a certain educational effect as the environmental education in the ocean.
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間島 良博, 堀 晶彦, 奥田 成幸, 戸羽 政博
2014 年 130 巻 p.
81-92
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/07/01
ジャーナル
フリー
AIS (Automatic Identification System) are recognized to be useful equipment for navigator because it is able to get much information such as ship's name, destination port, etc. which are not able to be got by ordinary nautical instruments. However some users sent false information by wrong operation and in the previous study, it became clear that several problems were occurred by operation mistake. Four years passed since last questionnaire survey, the environment surrounding AIS changed significantly. For example, it was changed to input by three letter code that the destination port in JAPAN. Therefore we carried out questionnaire survey for navigator to investigate the intelligibility and the utilization, and we researched the problems between four years ago research and present one. Some representative knowledge will be shown below. (1) The ships are sending correct information because of the publicity work and the instruction of JCG (Japan Coast Guard). (2) The reliability of the AIS information is decreased for navigator in spite of the sending information definitely. (3) The problem occurs in the operation system, for example time zone is not unified (4) The navigator has dissatisfaction toward the code indication system for the destination port. (5) The new systems are built for ship's operation control and/or search and rescue to collect AIS information via satellite, but someone says that a several risk will be included in that system.
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麻柄 葵, 河合 雅司, 三井 正雄, 眞岩 一幸
2014 年 130 巻 p.
93-98
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/07/01
ジャーナル
フリー
The Yorimawari Waves that invade Toyama Bay and cause wave disasters on the coast are feared by the people on the coast of Toyama Bay through the ages. First of all, we should understand the features of the Yorimawari Waves in order to prevent these wave disasters. Verification of the past studies on the Yorimawari Waves was carried out by using data observed when the Yorimawari Waves invaded Toyama Bay on 8 April 2013, and new features became clear in this study. They are as follows. (1) There is a case that big pyramidal wave appears near the coast, when the Yorimawari Waves are invading Toyama Bay. (2) The Yorimawari Waves surged to the coast with whitecaps from more than 1 km offshore, when sea level was high. Further, authors tried to clear the mechanisms of the Yorimawari Waves. These results are reported in this paper.
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川﨑 雄飛, 河合 雅司, 坂井 丈泰, 中谷 俊彦
2014 年 130 巻 p.
99-104
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/07/01
ジャーナル
フリー
The sub meter class positioning accuracy is required in marine observations around Toyama Bay, and GPS positioning observation has been carried out at a fixed point in Toyama National College of Technology in order to investigate the positioning accuracy. The DGPS positioning accuracy by QZSS L1-SAIF signal was investigated in comparison with the DGPS accuracy by the MSAS signal in this paper. As results, they became clear that there is about 0.4 meter difference between DGPS mean positions by QZSS L1-SAIF signal and MSAS signal in Toyama, RMS errors were same in DGPS positions determined by QZSS L1-SAIF signal and MSAS signal, but there was an inclination to increase position error occasionally in DGPS positioning by QZSS L1-SAIF signal. These results confirm that the DGPS positioning accuracy by QZSS L1-SAIF signal is unstable as compared with DGPS positioning accuracy by MSAS signal. The reason is that QZSS is in test operating mode.
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辻 紀海香, 加賀美 りさ, 社方 健太郎, 加藤 秀弘
2014 年 130 巻 p.
105-113
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/07/01
ジャーナル
フリー
In order to develop Under Water Speaker system (UWS) incorporating species specific audible properties, we examined cetacean sighting survey data collected by hydrofoil crew from four major hydrofoil sea lanes, in 2008 – 2011; “Northern Kyushu (including Busan-Iki-Tsushima routes)”, “Kagoshima”, “Izu-Oshima (including Atami routes)” and “Sado”. In “Northern Kyushu” cetaceans were tended to be frequent in offshore deeper than 100m. In “Kagoshima”, cetaceans including humpback whales were mainly observed in winter. In “Izu Oshima” it was remarkable that sperm whales occurred in winter to early spring with peak of January to March, and also it seemed to be currently increasing. Baird's beaked whales also occurred in winter in addition to regular occurrences in summer. In “Sado”, minke whales were mainly sighted in month from March to June. So as to increase accuracy in cetacean species identification, it is desire to conduct educational lecture and training for cetacean species identification.
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西井 典子, 山谷 尚弘, 原 大伸, 見上 博
2014 年 130 巻 p.
114-121
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/07/01
ジャーナル
フリー
The important part of the Educational contents, which has been given and handed down for longtime, is now being lost rapidly from the school curriculum at maritime colleges. As a result, it is getting impossible, at this maritime college also, to help the students experience the delight and severity of a job related with the sea and ships. The knowledge of technical and special subjects is far from sent out to the ship-related society without feeling and experiencing the charm of ships and the joy of working as a seaman. In order to improve this situation, it is necessary for students not only to acquire expert knowledge, but also to be familiar with ships and to feel close to them out of their own experience simultaneously. In this study, we discuss and verify how we can combine the three factors expert knowledge, technical skill, and seafarers spirit through their own experiences, and help them grow into reliable seamen in the future.
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山崎 慎也, 世良 亘, 増田 憲司, 森 瑛太郎
2014 年 130 巻 p.
122-128
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/07/01
ジャーナル
フリー
By the revision of the Maritime Traffic Safety Law, overtaking is prohibited in some sections of the Kurushima strait. However, congestion of ships in Traffic Route has occurred as a result of the prohibition. If a slow small vessel cruises in these sections, following vessels need a decrease in speed. These actions cause a dense traffic flow and a very dangerous situation like a near-miss. We therefore took a marine traffic census in the Kurushima strait for a survey of current situation. Based on the survey, we evaluated the safety of a congested traffic situation, and it presented that a ship officer cannot permit the dangerous situation. As how to solve these problems, we examined the control method proposed in the first report by applying the actual traffic flow. The result suggests a possible beneficial effect of the method for small vessel.
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石倉 歩, 坂下 純一, 林 祐司, 村井 康二
2014 年 130 巻 p.
129-134
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/07/01
ジャーナル
フリー
The most important task of harbor tug boats are to support berthing / unberthing of vessels, because marine pilots use those tug boats for safe and efficient ship operation when assisting vessels’ berthing or unberthing. In Japan, the new pilotage low has been active since 2007 and included the third grade pilots which newly established. Unfortunately, they do not have enough experience of tug boat management. They are trying to study about tug boats handling in the harbor for large vessels using ship handling by navigation simulation systems. The senior pilots teach them how to use the tug boats in the ship handling simulator, too. However, the senior pilots have only the experience but do not have standard of the evaluation for management of tug boats handling. In this paper, the authors propose how to evaluate the tug boat handling for ship berthing using the new standard, which is named “Evaluation on elements for tug boat handling.” It is extracted from natural images of ship berthing at actual port named Yokohama. The new standards are consisted of three elements which are propelling power of tug boats, its direction and duration of power. We tried to compere the values of the three elements between actual ship handlings and ship handlings by the simulation, then confirmed their effects.
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岡本 章裕, 吉田 大海, 田中 直樹, 廣野 康平
2014 年 130 巻 p.
135-140
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/07/01
ジャーナル
フリー
It is an important step to read draughts accurately in the process of draught surveys because inaccurate one could lead to a cause of disputes between all the interested parties. The draught reading is conducted by ship's officers or professional surveyors based on their visual observation even today. Therefore, there are some difficulties in keeping an accurate measurement or observer's safety under unfavorable conditions such as bad weather, strong swell and so forth. In this paper, the authors propose a novel draught reading method using image processing for supporting reading draughts. The method comprises some processing steps, detecting draught marks, stabilizing the hull motion and recognizing draught marks by template matching, and detecting waterline due to accumulated sequential inter-frame differences. Experimental results show that the proposed method attained high precision of the measurement.
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嶋田 陽一
2014 年 130 巻 p.
141-147
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/07/01
ジャーナル
フリー
As a fundamental of the navigation simulation to understand the passage possibility through the Northern Sea Route (NSR), the navigation simulation is performed during the sea ice decrease period (2007 to 2011) with the sea ice concentration reanalysis. Under even the strictest sea ice condition, the continuous passage period through the NSR is roughly from the end of August to the beginning of September of each year during 2009 to 2011. The period through the NSR in each year is not fixed. The simulation in this study will evaluate whether ships can pass through the NSR and whether escort ships are needed.
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汪 建, 稲石 正明, 庄司 るり, 柳沼 匠
2014 年 130 巻 p.
148-156
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/07/01
ジャーナル
フリー
The marine accident rate is still high and quite a few accidents are caused by irregular ship navigation. A certain level of ship navigation technology is covered by the Certificate of Competency, but it is not enough to realize safety navigation. On the other hand, the introduction of AIS enabled the acquisition of ship's track information easily. Using track information acquired from AIS, authors aim at the evaluation of each ship's navigation situation. In this paper, using information of ship's track, ship speed, number of other ships around own ship and the relative positional relations between the other ships, we find the characteristic of navigation situation in a specific sea area. We use this characteristic as a standard in the sea area, and using the difference from the standard we thought that we could evaluate the navigation situation of individual ships. By the results of investigation on the above elements in this paper, we get some kind of characteristic on each ship's navigation and the possibility of navigation evaluation was suggested.
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