In November 2013, Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) gave devastated impacts on both housing and people’s lives in the middle part of Philippines. The purpose of this paper is first to understand characteristics of such disaster impacts and the geographical distributions, and second to analyze relationships between impacts and vulnerabilities at the municipality level in a quantitative way. Our major finding is that social vulnerability, in particular poverty plays an important role in determining both housing damage and population suffering. Houses in highly urbanized and deprived municipalities were more likely to be destroyed possibly due to concentrations of poor households on high risk areas. Also, elderly, less educated and poor people were more vulnerable.

This paper discusses effective strategy of seismic strengthening houses for reduction of death toll. In the first part, we apply our proposed equations for death toll estimation to the area of 61 cities in Hokkaido prefecture and estimate death toll in scenario earthquakes of 64 types. In the second part, we evaluate the death reduction effect in order to figure out a difference between the regulative seismic structural score of load-carrying capacity, Iw=1.0, and the most optimal and effective score for decreasing the death toll. As a result we simulated that only when appropriately setting seismic structural score is more effective to decrease the death toll than any other strategies having no priority on.

In a large-scale disaster, the ground communication infrastructure is possibly destroyed. The information blank period, when people cannot obtain the necessary information, is followed. In this study, we have designed a widearea disaster prevention information system using QZSS augmentation signal to support the evacuation of the users during the blank period. We performed an evacuation experiment to verify the effectiveness of the system from user views. The results of reception of information, trigger of the action and locasion-based broadcast, showed that the system is effective for users to evacuate to safe places.

Relationship between site amplification for peak ground motion in fill land and fill thickness is developed from ground motion records and soil profile data. Distribution of fill thickness is estimated by terrain data before and after the land reclaimation and validated by compring with borehole data. Ground motion characteristics are evaluated by S-wave profiles estimated by the borehole data. The results shows that fill thickness represents the surface soil characteristics and larger fill thickness produces larger site amplification. The relationship between fill thickness and site amplification is applied to estimate distribution of peak ground velocity in the fill land due to a scenario earthquake.

This article shows methodology and technology of quantitative evaluation of a functional exercise for disaster preparedness for local governments. We created an efficient supportive ICT system for recording responses done by each section of a local government while they are jointly dealing with exercise injects. The system enables multiple controllers and evaluators to coordinate smoothly and precisely chase the information with which the network of government sections processes. This unique feature of the system was verified in a large functional exercise in Kitakyushu city which involved 488 participants in January 2014. The ICT system successfully provided quantitative evaluation from several angles regarding the coordination of various sections in the city government.

A survey was conducted in the form of a questionnaire about regional earthquake-disaster prevention related to corporate social responsibility (CSR). The filled-out questionnaire returned from 134 companies. As for disaster prevention at home, such as preparing emergency provisions and fixation of large furniture, one third to a half of them have recommended their employees to carry out from the point of view of employees and their families' safety. Most companies have not referred to local contribution aspects these actions have. As for corporate local contribution activities, 48 companies have regional agreements with local communities or regional administrations to relieve sufferers. These agreements are not necessarily reported in their CSR reports and so on.

The purpose of this study is to assess the time-variation of individual assets when seismic disaster strikes. Since we recognize that personal assets is a most important factor having a great impact on a recovery of individual family life, we propose the concept of the Family-life Continuity Plan (abbreviated to FCP). Firstly, we modeled the average asset for a white-collar worker family in Japan. Secondly, we examined the effect of personal seismic countermeasures as structural strengthening of their own house or carrying insurance. As a result this study showed that a prior risk protection as seismic retrofitting of building is more effective than any other post countermeasures as risk tolerance.

In order to evaluate tsunami evacuation risk in Kamisu city, we conducted questionnaire survey on all households belonged to neighborhood associations in the city and spatial analyses using the data of submergences by the level 2 tsunami which was supposed by Ibaraki prefectural authorities. Based on the survey data, the citizens' characteristics of tsunami evacuation action were grasped. And, by using GIS, evacuation routes that might be wholly or partly inundated were identified to measure distances of the sections. Then, we estimated time series transition of a number of evacuees who had not escaped from the submerged area, and examined the effects by improving percentages of evacuation and immediately start and evacuation routes.

Before the occurrence of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, the tsunami inundation forecast system and the GPS buoy have been installed. The information of the GPS buoy was effective to revise the tsunami warning, but the tsunami inundation forecast system was not able to help in the evacuation. Therefore I have investigated the use of these systems for tsunami evacuation once more. I analyzed the data registered with the tsunami inundation forecast system about Onagawa town and Okawa Elementary School in this investigation. As a result, I showed that useful information for tsunami evacuation was provided by these systems.

In order to comprehensively understand princepal factors to promote activities of voluntary organization for disaster prevention, we condurcted several interviews with leaders of them and officers of fire stations in tokyo metroporitan area. Focused on substantiation and durability of the activities, we extracted important factors from their comments, and structurized them by applying the KJ method. through the consideration, we pointed out that for encouraging the voluntary disaster prevention activities, it was important to cope with the activities as lifelong learning and to let women and the youth participate the organization, and so on.

When the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami occurred, Natori city was severely destroyed and human loss reached almost 900. The author conducted questionnaire survey on evacuation in the city and collected 324 cases. This study examined statistical data of human casualty and analyzed the questionnaire data to clarify affecting factors for evacuation. The findings are as follows. Considering day time population, fatality rate distribution vs age groups is estimated. As for travel means, automobiles share majority of 65% and traffic jam became severer due to delay. Evacuation in the 2010 Chile Tsunami affected the success of the 3.11 evacuation. Behaviors of going back home and moving from one evacuation place to the other are dangerous in flat plain topography.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the outline of earthquake fire in the Great East Japan Earthquake by questionnaire survey targeting fire defense headquarters. We asked all fire defense headquarters in 17 prefectures in eastern Japan about the outline of fires occurred during a month from March 11 to April 11, 2011. According to our research, 374 fires happened and the feature of the earthquake fires in the Great East Japan Earthquake is that many of the fires were caused by the tsunami. The number of the fires caused by the tsunami was 159. Finally, we analysed the relation between the number of ignition fire and damage of Tsunami disaster and proposed Tsunami-Fire estimation method.

Since the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake, awareness of tsunami evacuation has been grown. Tsunami refuge measures have been implemented in each coastal municipality. However, lots of problems to have efficient tsunami evacuation still remain in the coastal areas in Japan. This paper focuses on Katase-nishihama and Kugenuma district in Fujisawa City, having one of the most popular beach in Japan, as a research field to devise an appropriate tsunami evacuation strategy. It evaluates the capacity of tsunami evacuation buildings for evacuee from tsunami according to some situation. Then it runs simulation of evacuation time in terms of crowd density of evacuated people. Finally it proposes an tsunami evacuation map for the district with the results.

This thesis is about fishing village and it's measures to deal with natural calamities. Japan is a country of frequent earthquakes and tsunami, and now we face the matter of how to live in the fishing village with those natural disasters. In this study, I focused on the fishing village's living space including housing characteristics. I researched the history of the village, and did some interview to the inhabitants. Comparing the features of village's living space and the records of disaster, I found that there's many feature to deal with natural calamities in living space. This means that before we make some structures, we should review what the village has right now, and how they live. Also we found that the history of living in the village helps us to know the place which is safe to live.

In this article, we look at the actual conditions of return of the sufferers in the disaster-affected community and its background. A questionnaire survey was carried out with special reference to Totsukawa Village, which is a disaster area of Typhoon Talas. Quite a few sufferers have chosen to return to their original community despite the risk of being victimized again. The main causes that precipitated their return were 1) the likelihood of dependence on private shelters such as relatives, 2) the confidence in the original habitat enhanced by negative experiences while living as refugees, 3) the consideration for their neighbors and 4) the existence of options for a future move.

This study discusses evacuation planning from tsunami disasters at the low-lying area in Kushiro City by using existing tall buildings as temporal refuges. Serviceability of refuges is influenced by damage to buildings due to seismic ground motions. We estimate the damage to the buildings using a fragility function. In the worst case, the coverage area of evacuation decreases by 80% because of the damage to tall buildings. And the variability of coverage area in the histogram shows that the means value approximately coincides with the mode.

The Saitama Prefecture Tornado Disaster on September 2nd in 2013 caused big damage to elementary schools and junior high schools in the tornado route neighborhood, and exposed the lack of the disaster management education program concerning the student's appropriate correspondence behavior when the tornado occurred. Kumagaya (in Saitama prefecture) Local Meteorological Observatory conducted a questionnaire survey to students of five tornadodamaged school with Saitama Prefecture Board of Education and their schools. They clarified the student did not understand danger of the tornado and an appropriate correspondence action by the survey. They developed a learning program about response behavior and evacuation drill after/during tornado and showed that student's responsive competencies had improved with the educational program measuring effectiveness measurement.

“Disaster recovery progress” is difficult to visualize for victims and other in 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake disaster. Interview survey and collection of data were performed to deliver tasks and information on publicity activity of recovery progress in Miyagi prefectural and coastal municipal governments in the coast. 1) They are conducting publicity activities with PR magazine, recovery newsletter, recovery situation summary, radio program, picture website, information center, SNS / weblog site, full-page advertisement on local newspaper, mailed material, real scale model of embankment and coastal levee, etc. 2) Affected governments have problems, for example, they cannot identify stakeholder to publish, organize document team from the beginning, and cooperate with mass media.

The city of Tagajo built 373 temporary housing units. To support the victims who lives there, the city set up a project in which a staff of 22 is hired by a private contractor to take care of other victims in the temporary housing villages. To assess the effect of this program, we conducted two investigations. The first was an interview survey of the supporting staff to explore the impact their work has on them, both positive and negative. Second, we conducted a questionnaire survey to evaluate GHQ30 and PTGI-J of the victims residing in the temporary housing village, as the beneficiaries of the staff's work. Primary conclusion is that those who feel a familiarity with the staff have a weak but significant correlation with PTGI.

Text-based information using mobile phone would be useful to warn public accurately and promptly. However, there is little practical research being done to examine its effectiveness especially for rural mountainous areas. This research therefore conducted a demonstration experiment and a questionnaire survey at the area in Thailand to observe how disaster information disseminated with Short Message Service (SMS) broadcast reaches and spreads among local residents. Through the research, it would appear that SMS has a potential to be an effective mean for improving current systems in the area including use of loud speaker to warn the local residents.

The guidelines for earthquakes occurring in a local city were exhibited in August 2013 by the Cabinet Office. These guidelines are a checklist of response actions to implement in the event of an earthquake. It is expected that a municipality can prepare a very effective emergency response manual if the municipality bases the manual on these guidelinse and clarifies the Emergency Support Functions in the manual. In this paper, we describe the efficient method used in Kashihara-shi. We have improved the Disaster Response Manual and clarified the Emergency Support Functions in Kashihara-shi based on the guidelines and by utilizing information and communications technology.

This study aims to empirically identify the competencies required for administrators responsibile for the management of disaster waste. A two-days workshop has been held, in which participants with various disaster waste management experiences discussed the issues they faced, solutions for those issues, and competencies required to realize those solutions. The output has been analyzed according to our KSA (knowledge, skill, attitude) framework developed from leadership literatures and training evaluation studies. The results suggest that while public administrators of disaster waste management need technical skills, other skills including human skills, conceptual skills, both based on knowledge regarding disaster / waste management and basic attitudes as public officials, are also critical.

A shopping mall where many people gather is at high risk when an earthquake occurs. Analysis of human behavior during an earthquake is one of the important issues in considering disaster planning. In this study, human behavior during an earthquake was analyzed by using video movies of security cameras in shopping malls during the Great East Japan Earthquake. As the result, human behaviors in a shopping mall are strongly correlated with the seismic intensity. Besides, the effects of the location of exits and individual attributes are found.

We conducted a questionnaire survey of disaster victims of the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster. We clarified victims’ third-year situation and problems for disaster reconstruction. The questionnaire consists of four large elements; victims’ situation during three years, feeling at the third year of disaster, decision about place of residence and reconstruction progress situation of affected area. We found that 1)around 80% of the respondent answered that "The speed of reconstruction is slower than their assumptions" or "I do not have a feeling that reconstruction is actually proceeding". The result is the statistically same as the result of the previous-year survey, 2)13.2% of the respondent did not determine the residence in the future. They have the dilemma of two options whether to leave the familiar region, to obtain the convenience of life or to remain in the region, to keep their ancestral land and the grave.

This study aims to develop an inter-prefectural human resource coordination system for region-wide disasters. The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake was a region-wide disaster causing huge damage to local governments of Iwate Prefecture, Miyagi Prefecture, and Fukushima Prefecture. In order to promote recovery of disaster damaged areas, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Commnications announced the necessity of inter-governmental assistance. However, there was no mechanism to coordinate nation-wide inter-prefectural human resource assistance in Japan. In order to improve the situation, the National Governor's Association started human resource assistance coordination in July 2013. This study focuses on the inter-prefectural assistance coordination by the National Governor's Association, and discusses its effectiveness.

The surveys of sufferer's sense of recovery and reconstruction from the Great East Japan Earthquake were done in 2012, 2013 and 2014. According to them, it was clarified as follows. Firstly, the percentage of sufferers who fell the complication of recovery and reconstruction was 40% in 2012 and 60% in 2014. Secondary, the sense of recovery and reconstruction was structured from the four factors: residence, daily meal, household, and town. A long time is necessary to recover from the disaster.

The Great East Japan Earthquake occurred on March 11, 2011, the assistance to victims has been carried out in various ways until now. Both private and public, a number of funds have been contributed to the assistance. Leveraging the funds, support groups for victims operated and were established. Because there was a lot of funds for three years from the earthquake happening, without consideration of business continuity, support groups could operate. Since the funds were reduced now, the continuity of support groups has become a critical issue of the disaster recovery. This paper analyzes the result of the questionnaire about the revenue structure of support groups, and discusses the necessary measures to continue the supports.

　During restoration and reconstruction after The Great East Japan Earthquake, people must recover and make their daily life as smooth as it had been before the disaster. To do so, people must make the best use of real estate resources. This study assessed real estate circulation circumstances before and after the earthquake in Iwaki city. Results show that land prices have increased along with population downtown and in areas that had been developing since before the earthquake in Iwaki city. Opposite tendencies of land prices and population have prevailed in tsunami-stricken areas and other areas.

This paper provides an overview of Kobe City measures to support persons requiring relief during disasters． It analyzes the results of a survey on disaster prevention welfare community activities in Kobe City, which integrate disaster prevention and welfare, and considers policies for promoting support by residents to persons requiring relief during disasters． As a result, the paper indicates that the awareness, training and planning of support activities and social capital thereof are factors in fostering support by residents to persons requiring relief during disasters ． Furthermore, it also examines the effect of the priority order of these factors on promoting such support．

In this paper, local demographics trends in the past disaster reconstructions (1995 Kobe Earthquake, 2004 Niigata Chuetsu earthquake) were analyzed using the national census 1km area mesh statistics. Specifically, the following analyses were conducted. (1) Cluster analysis of demographic trends for each mesh. (2) Geographical analysis using the generated demographics clusters and disaster reconstruction projects. (3) Logistic regression analysis of factors for local demographics structure after disasters. These analyses showed statistically that the previous demographic trend has large influence to the local demographic structure following the earthquake disaster.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the countermeasure effect on economic loss reduction caused by electric power supply restriction in the time of Nankai Trough Earthquake, by way of enhancing interregional supply of electricity. The estimation result by Input-output analysis shows two effective methods. First, adjustment of the power distribution policy within the areas that suffer from power shortage is useful to reduce the economic loss of whole country after the disaster. Second, it is necessary to combine countermesures such as increasing the ability of frequency conversion and strengthening interconnection line to secure the electricity power supply after the disaster.

This study tests a structural equation model for tourist risk perception, travel motivation, attitude toward earthquakes’ impact on tourism and tourist satisfaction. The conceptual model consists of four latent variables and six path hypotheses, and is tested based on 412 onsite questionnaires from tourists who were traveling in Chengdu and Dujiangyan, Sichuan Province, China which has experienced two large earthquakes, the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Mw 8.0) and the 2013 Ya’an earthquake (Mw 7.0). The findings indicated that tourist satisfaction was directly affected by perceived earthquakes’ impact on tourism, which was influenced by risk perception and travel motivation. Consequently, the implications for disaster preparedness and post-disaster recovery for the tourism industry are discussed.

In Kyoto Prefecture, a variety of action had taken to prevent and reduce the damage of typhoon No.18 in 2013 by Local Governments and Community Organizations for Disaster Prevention. We develop a package of Work breakdown Structure, by collecting the data of action in the way of after action review, and structuring by KJ method. To use this improvement procedure from experiences, we can make disaster response plan and contribute to make standard action guidelines against floods.