Modern zoos have four roles: Conservation, Research, Education, and Recreation. Most zoos in Japan, however, have not played such roles at all, particularly in Research and Education. Kyoto City Zoo starts collaboration with Kyoto University in research and education on wildlife conservation. In April 2013, Kyoto City established Center for Research and Education of Wildlife (CREW) in Kyoto City Zoo to declare that the zoo play such roles by itself. In this article, I introduce ongoing studies and educational program in Kyoto City Zoo. Regarding research, I showed comparative cognitive studies in zoo primates and re-introduction project of a hand-reared gorilla infant. Regarding education, I show study program through practices with zoo materials in collaboration with local junior high school. Kyoto City Zoo has made efforts to get grants-in-aid for research, or education. I discuss about significance of getting grants from the view point of external evaluation.

The Wanpark Kochi Animal Land is municipal zoo of the Kochi city direct management that is compact urban facilities. The zoo is small but deep-rooted in Kochi area; the staff of the zoo have worked on wildlife conservation, accumulation and dispatch of the information, and contribution of the right understanding for the animal of the citizen through the display and research of the wildlife in the zoo inside and outside since opening of the zoo. Among them, some cases of research, conservation and activities focused on the area in Kochi prefecture were introduced, namely, 1) survey and breeding of rare and endangered species, 2) monitoring of infectious diseases from injured wildlife, 3) protection of the rare and endangered species in the public construction and 4) environmental education to citizens.

The principal task of the aquarium veterinarian is a health care of the captive animal. A clinical veterinarian should be conscious of a purpose definitely to improve results of prevention and the treatment of the disease. In other words, there is the task that you should conduct besides a routine task. It is difficult for a lot of aquarium veterinarians to do the research for researches practically. However, it is very likely that we can study the research connected directly with clinical treatment. In addition, the coordinate with the outside cooperator is important.