Using the cockerels with the artificial anus, experiments were undertaken to compare the excretion of urinary nitrogen constituents of birds fed basal. carbohydrate-free, and carbohydrate- and fat-free diets and of fasted birds. Birds fed carbohydrate-free diet excreted more urinary nitrogen than that fed basal diet. The increased urinary nitrogen excretion of the birds fed carbohydrate-free diet was due to increased urinary uric acid excretion, and ammonia, urea and total creatinine excretion was comparable. Birds fed carbohydrate- and fat-free diet (high protein diet) excreted significantly higher urinary nitrogen, and this was due to increased all urinary nitrogen constituents excretion. Ratio of uric acid to total urinary nitrogen excretion of the birds fed basal, carbohydrate-free and carbohydrate- and fat-free diets and of fasted birds were relatively constant.

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The present study was carried out to detect new genetic variations of esterase isozymes of the chicken liver and to clarify the mode of inheritance of them. Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was carried out for the separation of non-specific esterase isozymes. The electrode buffer containing 0.1M Tris (hydroxymethyl aminomethane) and 0.5M boric acid (pH 7.4), and the gel buffer which was made by dilution of the electrode buffer to a concentration of one twelfth were used. Hydrolyzed starch (Connaught) was used at a concentration of 12.7%. Electrophoresis was carried out at the constant current of 1.8mA per cm for 2-2.5 hours in a refrigerator at 3-7°C. Dyeing solution was the mixture of 40ml potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.9) containing 50mg o-dianisidine tetrazotized, and 2ml acetone containing β-naphthyl acetate as the substrate.
Starch gel electrophoresis of chicken liver extracts revealed the presence of three regions of esterase activity, which were designated I, II and III. New electrophoretic variants were observed in Region I (Fig. 1). The variants migrated a little faster than the electrophoretic band which was controlled by Es-4 locus, and were classified as arylesterases by the inhibitor studies (Table 1). Difference between the new variants and those by Es-4 was confirmed by comparisons using starch gel and agar gel electro-phoresis (Fig. 1-2). As the result of breeding tests, the variants were controlled by one autosomal locus with two alleles. The locus is designated Es-7 with alleles Es-7^A and Es-7^O. Es-7^A was completely dominant to Es-7^O.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate an egg price prediction model used in the United States as a long range egg price prediction model for the Japanese egg industry. The historical data used was for the six year time period of 1965 through 1970 and included Tokyo wholesale egg price, pullet chicks started, number of laying hens, number of laying hens sold and percentage egg production. In addition, seasonal factors, demand situation, projected figures on egg price and egg numbers were calculated for use in the price projection model.
Three projection methods to predict the 1971 Tokyo wholesale egg price were compared to check the accuracy of the projection model. The first method utilized the actual egg production number and the actual Tokyo wholesale egg price to project the number of layers culled and the number of pulled chicks started. The second method utilized the actual Tokyo wholesale egg price but with a projected egg production number. The third method utilized projected figures for egg production number and egg price and is the method which would have to be utilized if the egg price in the future 18 months is to be predicted. Comparison of graphic presentations of the three methods indicate that the third method can be utilized to predict the future Tokyo wholesale egg price in Japan. This is further indicated by the fact that the correlation of projection method 3 to the actual price was 0.829 and highly significant (P<.001).

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[in Japanese]

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In order to determine the effect of chlorella feeding on egg quality, chlorella was compared to soybean meal, and the following results were obtained.
1. Addition of more than 5% of chlorella to the diet significantly improved egg yolk color pigmentation.
2. Albumen height, albumen area, albumen index and Haugh units were superior in the eggs laid by birds fed 20% chlorella diet when determined after 1 week storage of eggs at 20°C, though no difference was found when determined on the next day of laying eggs.
3. The diets containing 5, 10 and 15% of chlorella tended to improve the egg albumen quality, though no statistical significance was found. This result suggests that 15% or less of chlorella is not enough to improve albumen qualty. When eggs were stored for 30 days, thick albumen of the eggs on 0 and 5% chlorella diets changed to thin albumen, whereas that on 10 and 15% chlorella diets remained to be thick.
4. No significant difference in ovomucin content of eggs was found between the chlorella diet and the soybean meal diet, though the former diet showed a tendency to give somewhat higher value than the latter diet.

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[in Japanese]

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