Experiments were carried out to elucidate the reduction of contaminating bacteria on the chicken house with washing by jet stream from a sprayer. In Exp. 1, test plates (1×5cm) made with plywood, sheet zinc or slate, were contaminated with 10^7.6-10^7.7 per plate of Staphylococcus aureus artificially. Average number of bacteria 10^4.7-10^5.3 per plate was detected after washing when nozzle of the sprayer was placed at intervals of 0.5m from the plate with straight angle and the plates were exposed to jet stream during 10 seconds.
In Exp. 2, a chicken house was washed with the jet stream, then sprayed disinfectant solution on the next day. Before washing, 10^7.2 of bacteria were detected from a floor of the house per 1cm². After washing, 10^6.5 of bacteria were still surviving. Reduction of bacterial number by washing was only within 1/10. After spraying disinfectant solution, 10^5.3/cm² of bacteria were detected.

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In order to protect heat insulating polyurethane board, used in windowless poultry house, from insect damage caused by Alphitobius diaperinus, work has been carried out using polyurethane boards impregnated with a number of organophosphorus insecticides.
Test I
No insecticidal effects were shown on boards impregnated with 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0% of tetrachlorvinphos, or on the board impregnated with 1.0% of chlorfenvinphos.
A good insecticidal effect was shown on the board impregnated 0.17% of micro encapsulated diazinon. However, when the diazinon boards were used repeatedly or at temperatures below 20°C, the insecticidal effects diminished.
Test II
Micro encapsulated diazinon boards and insecticide-free boards (control boards) were installed in the inside walls of windowless poultry house, and insect damage with those boards was observed over several months.
Seventy five percent of the control boards were damaged by Alphitobius diaperinus and in the case of the most heavily damaged ones alive insects were found up to 10cm from the cut end.
Seven out of 16 of the micro encapsulated diazinon impregnated boards were damaged by insects. However, the damage was quite on each board. Dead insects were found in the boards up to 2-3cm from the cut end surface.
From the chemical analyses, it has been observed that diazinon insecticide can be impregnated into polyurethane boards and remain stable for at least one year.

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Homozygous Japanese quail embryos for Bh (black at hatch) gene died at 6-9 days of incubation in the intra Bh (black at hatch) strain matings and at 5-9 days of incubation in the matings arranged with F1 hybrids between Bh strain and alien colony. In both experiment, however, the lethal period was Stages 18-26 of ZACCHEI'S standard10). The lethal period of the Bh homozygous embryos is thought to be 4-9 days of incubation incorporating the previously reported results by MINEZAWA and WAKASUGI5). Characteristics of the Bh homozygous embryos were degeneration of the liver tissue and whole body subcutaneous haemorrhage. Two possibilities were presented concerning the lethality of the homozygous embryos. The first was that degeneration of the liver tissue might be the major factor. The second was that disintegration or dysfunction of the capillaries might be the major factor. These possibilities were discussed in relation to the normal process of the liver morphogenesis and the results obtained through the culture of embryonic liver grafts on the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick.
In the liver of some embryos after 9 days of incubation, degenerated region was found at the posterior tip of the left lobe (focal degeneration). This abnormality was observed in about one-third of the Bh heterozygous and in about one-thirteenth of the wild type embryos at 10-12 days of incubation. At 15 days of incubation, the incidence decreased in heterozygotes. The abnormal tissue at this region seems to be replaced by the neighboringnormal tissue with progress of development.

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1. Dietary effects on body weight and digestive enzyme activities of germfree (GF) chicks were compared with those in conventional (CV) chicks fed zein+lysine+tryptophan (ZA), zein (Z) or protein-free (PF) diet.
2. The GF chicks gained more weight on ZA, lost more weight on PF, and died sooner after food deprivation than the corresponding CV chicks.
3. The chicks in each environment lost weight almost equally on Z.
4. In contrast to rodents, no significant higher enzyme activity was found in GF chicks. The total activities per tissues of alkaline phosphatase in duodenum on ZA and in caecum on ZA, Z and PF of CV chicks were higher than those of GF ones. The total sucrase activities in duodenum of CV chicks on ZA were higher than those of GF ones. The total leucine p-nitroanilidase activities in duodenum and jejunum of CV chicks on ZA were higher than those of GF ones.
5. Enzyme activity per mg DNA varied with diets and environments. Alkaline phosphatase activities of CV chicks were higher than those of GF ones. Sucrase activities in duodenum on ZA and in caecum of CV chicks on Z and PF were lower than those of GF ones. Leucine p-nitroanilidase activities in caecum of CV chicks on ZA and Z were also lower than those of GF ones.

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We attemped to see if adhesion of diets to the beak caused a beak abnormality characterized by a gap between the upper and lower beak (Exp. 2). The effects on the incidence of the beak abnormality by varying dietary protein sources (Exp. 3) or by adding one of the salts of sodium, potassium and calcium to the casein-cornstarch diet (basal diet) (Exp. 1, 4, 5 and 6) were also investigated.
One-day-old male White Leghorn chicks were given diets and water freely for fourteen days in Exp. 1, 4, 5 and 6, and for ten days in Exp. 3. In Exp. 2, the basal diet supplemented
with 1.0% of sodium bicarbonate was given to chicks in three forms of mash, granules and fluid mash (tube-feeding) for fourteen days. In Exp. 3, casein-amino acid mixture was replaced isonitrogenously by a commercial isolated soybean protein (Fujipro-R) or a defatted whole egg protein prepared in our laboratory. In Exp. 1, 4, 5 and 6, various salts were added individually to the basal diet at the expense of dietary cornstarch. In Exp. 4, 5 and 6, the sodium content of the basal diets supplemented with one of several sodium salts was equal to that of the basal diet supplemented with 1.0% of sodium bicarbonate. In these experiments, the amounts of added potassium salts and calcium salts supplied 119 mEq of potassium calcium ion and 476 mEq of calcium ion per kg diet, respectively.
The incidence of the beak abnormality was found to be higher when more than 0.5% of sodium bicarbonate was added to the basal diet than when 0.2 % of the salt was added.
When the basal diet supplemented with sodium bicarbonate in granules or in fluid mash was fed, neither adhesion of the diets to the beak nor its abnormality was observed. This result indicates that the adhesion causes the abnormality.
There was no beak abnormality in any chicks when the casein in the basal diet sup-plemented with sodium bicarbonate was replaced by isolated soybean protein or defatted whole egg protein.The incidence of the beak abnormality was much higher when the basal diet was supplemented with sodium carbonate or sodium phosphate (dibasic) than when the diet was supplemented with sodium chloride or sodium phosphate (monobasic).Addition of potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate or potassium phosphate (dibasic) increased the incidence of the beak abnormality, but potassium phosphate (monobasic) was added without increasing the incidence.
The number of chicks with the beak abnormality was not larger in the groups fed the
basal diets supplemented with calcium phosphates (monobasic and dibasic) than in the group
fed the basal diet. Chicks fed the basal diet supplemented with one of the sodium salts of
acetic and succinic acid, or calcium or potassium salt of acetic acid had no beak abnormal
ity.
The incidence of the beak abnormality increased with an increase in the pH of the basal diets supplemented with various salts (r=+0.740, P<0.05). A significant correlation (r=+0.649, P<0.01) was observed between the incidence of the beak abnormality and food spillage.
The relations of the incidence of the beak abnormality with one of the dietary compositions, with dietary pH and particle size and with food spilage were also discussed.

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Two experi ments were conducted to evaluate efficacy of spraying of disinfectant solution on reduction of viable bacteria contaminating on a test plate zinc sheet. The test plates were prepared to contaminate artificially with Staphylococcus aureus (Exp. 1) or naturally with chicken droppings (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, each test plate was contaminated with 10^7.4-10^7.7 or 10^4.4-10^4.5 of S. aureus, respectively, and in Exp. 2, zinc sheet was contaminated with 10⁵-10^5.4 or 10^2.9-10^3.6 per 1cm². Four different kinds of disinfectant solution, invert soap, iodophor, dichloroisocyanate and orthodichlorobenzene were used. The solution was sprayed with small particle like as a mist on surface of the test plate.
Reduction of viable bacteria after spraying of the solution was less than 1/10 of them before spraying. No notable difference observed on degree of disinfection between 4 kinds of disinfectant and between each of their high or low concentrations.

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[in Japanese]

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