The experiment were conducted to investigate the effect of crude fiber in the diet of laying hens. Within the period of this experiment, metabolizable energy (ME) were measured by using 4 hens each experimental lot. Also, the digestibility were measured by using 4 hens with artificial anus, and measured for total digestible nutrients (TDN) and digestible energy (DE). Forty five White Leghorn hens were divided 15 hens each, and named control, low fiber and high fiber lot. Crude fiber content of the experimental diets were 2.0%, 4.5% (control lot) and 7.0%, respectively. Individual laying cagedhouse were used in this experiment and duration of experiment were for 15 weeks from March 5, 1965.
As a result of this experiment, the rate of egg production was comparatively low in high fiber lot, especially, after seventh week of experiment, it was highly significant between control lot and high fiber lot. Also, feed intake per hen per day were very low in high fiber lot, it was highly significant at the level of 1%.
It was found that there is no efficiency of TDN and DE and ME by the crude fiber content.
The reasons of the decrease in egg production, and in feed intake was not clear by this experiment. Some of the experiments should be needed to clear these reasons.

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Semen used in this study was collected from eighteen White Leghorn males. After the collected semen was thoroughly mixed with a glass rod, it was placed in a water bath at 25°C. Samples of undiluted semen (1.5ml) or diluted semen (1.6ml, 4-fold dilution with a Wilcox's buffer) were cooled at different cooling rates in order to determine whether chicken spermatozoa are subject to temperature shock produced by placing the samples at 25°C into cooling baths at 5.0 and -2°C. After the shock treatments, the diluted semen was centrifuged at 1, 200 R.C.F. for 5 minutes, supernatant discarded and resuspended to the original volume in the buffer just before insemination. In fertility tests White Leghorn hens were inseminated with 0.1ml of the undiluted semen or the reconcentrated semen. All precautions were taken against temperature shock during the collection and insemination of the semen. Results obtained are as follows.
1) When the undiluted semen was cooled rapidly to 5°C as described above and stored for 60 minutes at that temperature, there was no change in fertility (94.2%), whereas a rapid cooling to 0 and -2°C resulted in lowered fertility (74.2 and 45.5%, respectively: P<0.01). When the undiluted semen was cooled slowly to -2°C at a rate of 0.5°C per minute and stored for 0, 30 and 60 minutes at the temperature, a slight decrease with the lapse of time with no significant decrease in fertility was observed through the storage periods (93.9, 85.0 and 82.5%, respectively). It was concluded, therefore, that chicken spermatozoa are subject to temperature shock.
2) The effect of temperature shock on fertility was completely prevented by the 4-fold dilution of semen with the buffer.
3) There was little change in motility of spermatozoa in any of the semen samples cooled rapidly to -2°C, whereas a significant increase (P<0.05) in the proportion of abnormal spermatozoa after the shock treatment was observed with the undiluted semen as compared to the diluted semen.

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Cross-bred chicks of White Cornish male and New Hampshire female were fed one of nine experimental diets. Each experimental diet contained the same amount of nutrients except calcium and phosphorus and contained one of the combinations of 3 levels of calcium, i.e. 1.2, 1.0 and 0.8%, and of 3 levels of phosphorus, i.e. 0.8, 0.6 and 0.4%.
In Expt. 406, growth rate of day-old chicks on the diets of low phosphorus (0.4%) was significantly slower than those on diets of higher phosphorus levels than 0.4%. Two chicks on the diet of 0.4% phosphorus and high calcium of 1.2%, died during the initial 3 weeks. The x-ray examination of the left leg of the chick on this diet revealed that the tibia was bent as shown in left part of Photo. 1 and that the both ends of the femur and the tibia were obscure in contrast with the x-ray photograph of normal bone shown in right part of Photo. 1. Curved ribs were also observed by the post-mortem examination. These symptoms indicated the richet and mal-calcification.
At 3 weeks of age one male and one female chick from each lot were selected at random and sacrificed for tibia ash analysis. Tibia ash content of chicks on the diets of low phosphorus (0.4%) was significantly lower than those of chicks on the diet of higher phosphorus level. The rest of the chicks in each lot were reared until 8 weeks of age. Although body weight of chicks on the diets of 0.4% phosphorus was smaller than those on the other diets, they grow fairly well and no chicks died after 3 weeks of age.
Expt. 411 was designed to confirm the previous findings that chicks older than 3 weeks can grow normally on the diets of 0.4% phosphorus. Four-week-old cross-breds were grouped into 9 lots and fed one of experimental diets as in Expt. 406. Growth rate, feed efficiency, and tibia ash content at 10 weeks of age were almost identical among the chicks on 9 diets.
It was suggested from these experiment that dietary levels of 0.8% for calcium will be satisfactory for growth of broiler chicks and that dietary level of 0.6% for phosphorus will be enough for chicks younger than 4 weeks, although 0.4% may be satistactory for older chicks.
Since the diets of 0.4% phosphors contained only 0.05% of inorganic phosphorus and the rest was plant origin, chicks older than 4 weeks looks like to have ability to utilize plant phosphorus with high efficiency.

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Three experiments were carried out at 3 local experiment stations with one of 3 broiler-type cross-breds for each station to confirm the findings observed in the previous experiments1) with large number of chicks, 1, 400 in total, under the practical field conditions.
All chicks were fed a common chick starter diet for initial 4 weeks, then switched to one of 5 experimental broiler finisher diets for the following 6 weeks. Five broiler finishers contained calcium and phosphorus levels as follows: 1.2:0.8, 1.2:0.5, 1.0:0.6, 0.87:0.8, 0.87:0.5, in percentage respectively. These experimental diets contained the same amount of all of the nutrients other than these two minerals.
No significant difference was observed in body weight gain, feed conversion (feed/gain) and tibia ash content among the chicks on 5 broiler finishers, although significant difference was observed in the data among the breeds of cross-breds, which was confounded with the differences in the environmental conditions and other errors among the 3 experiment stations. Based on the results of these experiments together with the results of the previous experiments1), it is recommended that the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the broiler finisher could be 0.8% and 0.5%, respectively, while the levels in the broiler starter 0.8% and 0.6%, respectively. The levels are lower than the levels believed to be adequate previously.

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Three experiments were carried out at 3 local experiment stations with one of 3 broiler-type cross-breds for each station and one experiment at Hyogo Animal Breeding Station with cross-breds of White Cornish male x White Plymouth Rock female.
In 3 local stations, 5 groups of 4-week-old chicks were fed one of 5 experimental broiler finisher diets containing various levels of riboflavin and nicotinic acid for 6 weeks. Growth rate, feed conversion (feed/gain) and ratios of ready-to-cook and chicken meat of chicks on the finisher containing the lowest levels of riboflavin and nicotinic acid, i.e. 2.6 and 42mg/kg, respectively, were almost identical to those of chicks fed the other 4 experimental diets.
In Hyogo Animal Breeding Station, duplicated lots of 40 4-week-old chicks each were fed 3 experimental broiler finisher for 6 weeks. One finisher containined no additional riboflavin and nicotinic acid, the second had the same levels of the vitamins to the diet of the lowest levels of the vitamins in the previous experiments. The last finisher was the control diet containing excess amount of the vitamins. Performance of the chicks on the second diet was almost identical to that on the diet of excess vitamins, confirming the results cbtained in the previous experiments at 3 stations. Growth rate and ratios of ready-to-cook and chicken meat of chicks on the finisher without the additional vitamins were almost equal to those of the other chicks, but feed conversion was slightly but significantly inferior to those of the other 2 groups.
With these experimental results, it was suggested that the minimum requirement of riboflavin and nicotinic acid for broiler-type chicks after 4-week-old will be not more than 2.6 and 42mg/kg diet, respectively.

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Using White Leghorn hens which had been laying for four months from their first eggs. Feedig experiments were conducted to know whether fish meal was indispensable in laying ration for their egg production, feed conversion, body weight, mortality, hatchability and egg weight.
The results were as follows
1. When fed corn-soya laying ration contaning 14% crude protein, mortality clearly increased compared with the feeding of formulated ration containing 3-5% fish meal. But no difference was found in egg production performance.
2. When fed corn-soya laying ration containing 16% crude protein, fish meal was not indispensable as protein source in laying ration, but if B-Complex vitamin was not supplied the egg production and hatchability clearly decreased.

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In in vitro experiments, motility patterns of stored chicken sperm were studied by using Ringer's solution containing nucleosides and their related compounds under various conditions. The results obtained were as follows:
1. A marked positive response was found in single additions of inosine adenosine, guanosine, thymidine, adenine, guanine, and xanthine, while almost negative in xanthosine, cytidine, and hypoxanthine.
2. After addition of both inosine and adenine, a marked effect on the maintenance of motility in stored chicken semen was shown.
Concerning in vivo experiments, further studies are now in progress testing the fertility of the treated and stored sperm.

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