Data presented here indicate that homomycin, a kind of antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces noboritoensis, is effective to eliminate the tape worm (Raillietina cesticillus) and round worm (Ascaridia galli) from the small intestine of chicks.
1) Five cockerels were infested with the tape worm by oral administration of parasitized beetles at 6 weeks of age. Segments discharged from the tape worm were excreted in the droppings, and counted at 3 P. M., 5 P. M., and 7 P. M., every day. Subsequent to feeding with a basal ration for 7 days after establishment of the infestation, they were fed with the ration containing 0.003% of homomycin for 40 days.
Number of segments excreted per day in 5 cases attained 17 to 131, at 1 to 3 days before homomycin feeding. Earlier stoppage of the excretion occured in one case at the 21 st day on the feeding. In the remaining 4 cookerels, number of segmants excreted gradually decreased at the 19th to 28th day, and finally no segments excreted at the 40th day.
Three days after feeding with the basal ration, while still no excretion continued, they were autopsied. Entire elimination of the tape worm was found in one case. Twenty of 24 tape worms survived in 4 cookerels were not fully grown, and less than 35mm in their length (Exp. I).
2) In the experiment II, three cockerels were fed with the ration containing 0.006% of homomycin 7 days after establishment of infestation to the tape worm at 4 weeks of age. Homomycin feeding was conducted for 29 days.
At the 23rd to 29th day on the homomycin feeding, no excretion of segments occured, and continued for 9 to 10 days when chicks used were fed with the basal ration after the homomycin feeding.
In next trial of experiment II, 1 to 2 gram of 0.3% homomycin was orally administered to these 3 chicks, in which excretion of segments again started, being fed with the basal ration. This procedure was repeated 12 times for 45 days. Eventually, no discharge of segments resulted for 10 days before autopsy. It revealed that entire elimination of the tape worms was established.
When homomycin was orally administered one time, a prominent increase in number of segments was observed on the following day. It might be suggested that homomycin induced emaciated conditions in the tape worm through acceralated discharge of segments. If the emaciation progressed follwoing after the prolonged administration of homomycin, even the scolex of the tape worm was excreted in the dropping.
3) Five cockerels and 5 hens naturally infested with the round worm (Ascaridia galli) were fed with the ration containing 0.003% of homomycin. Number of the worm eggs per gram of the dropping of birds (EPG) attained to 0 levels during 3 to 44 days on the homomycin feeding, depending upon EPG levels before the feeding. The one case, when autopsied two days alter one determination of EPG 0, showed to fail entire elimination of worms. In 8 cases repeatedly observed EPG 0 before autopsy, no worms survived in the small intestine in 6 cases of them, while a few number of male worms alone did in 2 cases (Exp. III).

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The effect of the presence of a surgical thread in various positions of the oviduct on egg production was studied.
A slight reduction in egg production was observed in most hens after insertion of the thread into the lumen of the oviduct.
The thread placed in the upper region of the magnum apparently did not affect the rate of egg production and the formation of the shell, whereas the placement of the thread in the middle or the lower region of the magnum resulted in the production of a mixture of normal and membranous eggs.
The insertion of the thread in the isthmus or the shell gland resulted in the expulsion of high percentages of membranous eggs and, in some hens, resulted in the cessation of egg laying throughout the experimental period (60 days). It was evident that the production of membranous eggs was due to the presence of the thread, because the hens laid normal eggs following the removal of the thread.
At autopsy, a calcified concretion or a caseous mass attached to the thread in the lumen of the oviduct was often found. It was concluded that the presence of these masses was not directly related to the reduction in egg production or the incidence of membranous eggs.

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Two Experiments were conducted to compare the phosphorus availability of various phosphorus sources for the starting chicks of 0-4 weeks of age. The phosphorus sources tested in these experiments were feed grade dicalcium phosphate, defluorinated tricalcium phosphate, bone meal, isolated phytin and defatted rice bran. In the first experiment, each phosphorus source added to the corn-soy basal diet which contained three present fish meal as only animal protein source. The total phosphorus content was 0.48 percent in basal diet and 0.6 percent in all the experimental diets. In the second experiment, each phosphorus source added to the corn-corn starch-soy basal diet containing no animal protein feed. The phosphorus level was 0.38 percent in basal diet and 0.5 percent in all the experimental diets. The availability of phosphorus was measured by the body weight gain, feed efficiency and tibia bone ash.
The results were as follow.
1. The growth and bone ash of chicks fed defluorinated tricalcium phosphate were similar to those of chicks fed dicalcium phosphate in both experiments.
2. In the lower dietary phosphorus level (0.5 percent), the growth of chicks fed bone meal was inferior to that of chicks fed dicalcium phosphate, but the bone ash was not significantly affected. In the normal phosphorus level (0.6 percent), the growth and bone ash of chicks fed bone meal was similar to those of the chicks fed other inorganic phosphorus sources.
3. In the lower phosphorus level, the growth and bone ash of chicks fed isolated phytin were significantly lower than those of dicalcium phosphate, but in the normal phosphorus. level, phytin was effectively utilized as well as dicalcium phosphate.
4. The growth and bone ash of chicks fed defatted rice bran as phosphorus source were significantly inferior to those of chicks fed dicalcium phosphate. It appears that phosphorus. in isolated phytin is much more available than that in defatted rice bran.

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Two experiments were conducted to compare the phosphorus availability of some phosphorus sources for growing chicks of 4-10 weeks of age. The phosphorus sources tested in these experiments were feed grade dicalcium phosphate, defluorinated tricalcium phosphate, phosphoric acid (reagent grade) solution, bone meal and isolated phytin. Basal diet was mainly composed of corn and soybean meal, containing three percent of fish meal as sole animal protein source, and its phosphorus level was 0.48 percent. In the first experiment, each phosphorus source added to the basal diet supplying 0.22 percent of phosphorus, the total phosphorus level was 0.7 percent in all the experimental diets. In the second experiment, each phosphorus source added to the basal diet supplying 0.12 percent phosphorus, the total phosphorus level was 0.6 percent in all the experimental diets.
The results were as follow.
There were no significant differences in body weight and feed efficiency among the chicks fed dicalcium phosphate, defluorinated tricalcium phosphate, phosphoric acid solution and isolated phytin. In the first experiment, the bone ash was measured but it was not affected by any phosphorus source. The growth and feed efficiency of chicks fed bone meal were inferior to those of chicks fed other inorganic phosphorus in 0.6 percent phosphorus level. It was noted that isolated phytin was effectively utilized as well as dicalcium phosphate.

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Chromic oxide (Cr₂O₃) is used as an index in the research works on digestion and metabolism with chickens and other animals. During the nutritional studies on minerals in milk, one of the authors found that inert Cr₂O₃ heated with milk ash became watersoluble. Accordingly, studies to find out the effective chemicals in milk ash and to establish a new analytical procedure for the determination of Cr₂O₃ with these chemicals were carried out. It was found that the absorption curve of Cr₂O₃ in the poultry feed and excreta treated by the following procedure with potassium phosphate and potassium hydroxide was identical to that of CrO₄". No factors in common poultry feed and excreta was found to affect the accuracy of Cr₂O₃ determination.
New Procedure
1. Reagent: 50g of K₃PO₄ and 25g of KOH are solved with distilled water into 100ml.
2. Sample containing approximately 1.5mg of Cr₂O₃ is weighed into crucible.
3. One ml of reagent solution is added to the sample, mixed and burned for carbonization. If necessary, dry the sample-reagent mixture before the carbonization.
4. Sample-reagent mixture is heated in an electric oven at 800°C for 30 minutes.
5. After cooling, the mixture is solved with distilled water, transferred into volumetric flask, filled up to 250ml. and left overnight.
6. The solution is filtered off and optical density of the solution is determined with ultraviolet ray of 370mμ.

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On the hybrid's substances in the interspecific or intergeneric hybrids of poutlry or birds, which were not present in their parent, two different theories have been reported. IRWIN et al1)., SCHEINBERG2), BACHARACH et al.6) reported that the hybrids' substances existed in interspecific or intergeneric hybrids. It was clarified by BACHARACH et al. that the hybrids' substances were produced the complementary action of genes from the parents.
On the contrary, BECKMAN et al.3) reported that no new serum protein has been recognized in the hybrids between Columba livia and Streptopelia risoria by starch gel electrophoretical examinations. Moreover, SASAKI4) AND SASAKI et al.5, 7-9). clarified that the new substances not existed in parents were not recognized in their hybrids between Gallus gallus and Numida meleagris, Gallus gallus and Phasianus colchicus, Anas domesticus and Cairiana moschata, and Gallus bankiva and Gallus gallus.
To clarify the existence of the species specific substances of Gallus gallus and Crysolophus pictus, and of the hybrid's substance in the hybrid between both genus, the present experiments were carried out by using precipitation test and immunoelectrophoresis.
Hybrids were produced by inseminating artificially sperm of Gallus gallus (white chabo) to Crysolophus pictus. Antisera for blood sera of Gallus gallus, Crysolophus pictus and their hybrids were prepared by immunizing their blood sera with FREUND's incomplete adjuvant to rabbits.
The results obtained are summarized as follows:
The precipitin content and titers of these antisera were 64 fold and about 20, 000 fold, respectively.
It was concluded from the absorption test of antisera that the species specific antigens existed in blood sera of Gallus gallus and Crysolophus pictus, and they would inherit to their hybrids. The antigens were recognized to be composed of four serum components from immunoelectrophretic assay.
The hybrid's substances not existed in parents were not recognized in blood sera of their hybrids.

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The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of heating by briquet stove on the performance of the laying pullets (W.L.×W.L., W.L.×N.H., W.L.×B.P.) in winter night. The laying cage house was divided into two parts, one part (10.8×4.0m) was covered with board and glass window and heated by two briquet stoves in night. Another part (7.2×4.0m) was not heated and covered with polyethylene membrane. Average minimum temperature in the heated part was 3.2°C higher than that in the unheated part and average hours of ambient temperature below 5°C in a day in the heated part became shorter than unheated part (Table 1). In the heated part, egg production did not increase and feed consumption decreased, but feed conversion did not necessarily become better (Table 2).

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