Kagaku tetsugaku

An Approach to the Logic of Preference

Setsuo Satio

1970 Volume 3 Pages 7-13
Published: November 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4216/jpssj.3.7

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (410K)
Temporal truth-function

Takeo Sugihara

1970 Volume 3 Pages 15-26
Published: November 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4216/jpssj.3.15

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

All temporal truth-functions are expressed in the form of ordinary truth-function by the use of sequential variables.
The temporal truth-functions are classified in three categories : (1) Simple temporal truth-function, (2) Happening function and (3) Sequential f unction.
Some fundamental temporal truth-functions are as follows : After-happening function, Hp. (After the happening of p) Delay function, Dp. (Delaying p for an interval) Jumping function, Jp. (Jumping over a positive interval of p) Temporal conjunction, K(p, q). (p and q, but p before q.)
Hp≡s
Dp≡-p∧Hp
Jp≡p∧-S₁
K(p, q)≡(p∧q)∧S(p)

View full abstract

Download PDF (718K)
On the inductive logic L_N^'π with meaning postulates

Shigeo Nagai, Tokuyuki Ôkubo

1970 Volume 3 Pages 27-43
Published: November 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4216/jpssj.3.27

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

In a current paper we constructed the system S_N^k, which is an extended and generalized system of Carnap's inductive logic. In the present paper we shall show that the new system L'_N^π equivalent to S_N^k can be constructed within predicate logic of first order with some meaning postulates.
Some remarks have been made by Carnap concerning the use of meaning postulates for inductive logic. However, our aim of the use of meaning postulates is altogether different from and ought not to be confused with Carnap's.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1116K)
Philosophische Logik

Von Denken

Jiro Hayakawa

1970 Volume 3 Pages 45-58
Published: November 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4216/jpssj.3.45

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Man bedarf der Kunstausdrucke, die ganz bestimmte and feste Bedeutungen haben, weil die natürliche Sprache unexakt ist. Aber wenn man so strenge Logiken erfindet, beruhen sie loch auf einzelnes Denken and Ich (Selbst), die sich mit ihnen beschäftigen. Man muβ darüber reflektieren.
Nun werden logische Gedankenkonstruktionen mit Hilfe des abstrahierten calculus ratiocinator mitteilbar. Aber Hegel setzt sich solcher Denkweise entgegen. Denn er sucht neben einer gegenstandlichen Logik eine subjektive, das Selbst enthaltende and reflektierende Logik unter. Im Denken, das sich auf these gründet, bin "Ich" frei, weil der objektive Gegenstand in ungetrennter Einheit mein Selbstsein ist. Aber doch darf man keine mathematische (formale) Logik ignorieren, well die logische Vernunft, die es mit einem Inhalt zu tun hat, nur durch die vernunftige Form verniinftig sein kann.
Das Denken in der philosophischen Logik ist total and streng. Das Totale ist dynamisches Element, das Strenge festes, and die Dynamik zwischen beiden ist die philosophische Logik.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1238K)
The criticism on dialectic by K. Popper in his "What is dialectic?"

Shigeru Shojaku

1970 Volume 3 Pages 59-72
Published: November 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4216/jpssj.3.59

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

In his paper "What is dialectic?" K. Popper tried to point out many limitations in the modern dialectic, from the angle of method of trial and error. His criticism on dialectic is very radical and suggestive. This paper intends to make some of his arguments clear, and set forth dialectician's explanations of them.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1149K)
A Planning System in Terms of Conceptual Analysis

A Methodology in Systems Science

Hajime Etô

1970 Volume 3 Pages 73-84
Published: November 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4216/jpssj.3.73

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

A methodology of planning system is described in which creative logic for cognition and decision in an organization is formalized. Decision is considered as a tool for the objective and are deduced from the objective in the process of conceptual analysis of the objective with the aid of the value concept in the system. The value may be deduced also from the objective, or otherwise be given from outside by systems analysis. The advance in technique of conceptual analysis of an organizational objective is needed for a successful planned management.

View full abstract

Download PDF (994K)
The Analysis of Memory Model and a Hypothesis of the Pattern Regeneration

Yoshihiro Ueda

1970 Volume 3 Pages 85-99
Published: November 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4216/jpssj.3.85

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (3850K)
Max Weber and Scientific determinism at the end of 19th century

On Weber's Article "»Energetische« Kulturtheorien"

Hiromichi Saito

1970 Volume 3 Pages 101-113
Published: November 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: December 07, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4216/jpssj.3.101

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Understanding Weber's methodology of "Kulturwissenschaft" from the point of view of the history ofIdeas, we can not grasp it without reference to Marxism and Scientific determinism at the end of 19th century.
It is not so hard to find papers that treat his methodology in comparison with Marxism, however, it is hard to find papers that attempt to describe what attitude he had toward scientific determinists ; Comte, Mach, Solvey, Ostwald.
So the paper attempts to clarify this problem through Weber's article" » Energetische » Kulturtheorien" in which he argued on scientific determinism.

View full abstract

Download PDF (995K)
A criticism of Kant's transzendental aesthetics (1)

Cheol Woo Shin

1970 Volume 3 Pages 115-129
Published: November 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4216/jpssj.3.115

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Kant came by means of speculation to the conclusion that time(t) and space(r) are the pure form of sensibility. The author has derived two operators, such as ∂/∂t (time formula) and ∂/∂r (space formula), as a form of sensibility from the psychological, physiological and physical facts, and these are the foundation of the dynamic cognition.
Regarding as the objects of cognition we have believed that we recognize φ as the absolute being. But it is δφ the relative being that we can actually recognize, and the intuition can be obtained by means of ∂φ/∂t and ∂φ/φr.
This thesis is to be reported by the two parts : the one is "the derivation of the pure form of sensibility", and the other is "the criticism of Kant's transzendental aesthetics."

View full abstract

Download PDF (1276K)
On the Quantum Theory of Measurement

Genichiro Nagasaka

1970 Volume 3 Pages 131-143
Published: November 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4216/jpssj.3.131

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Since the formulation of measurement process by von Neumann, numerous attempts have been made to remove the various paradoxical aspects involved in the theory. The present exposition reveals that a serious linguistic confusion existed in the original formulation by von Neumann and no author has ever given serious considerations. A new approach to the problem is proposed which is based upon an interpretation of quantum mechanics basically in the spirit of Copenhagen Interpretation.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1199K)
Historical Explanation and "Popper-Hempel Theory"

Yoshio Sezai

1970 Volume 3 Pages 145-158
Published: November 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4216/jpssj.3.145

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

This paper is an introductory for the scientific justification of history.
The recent philosophical investigations on the historical explanation has been advanced in the various forms and methods. In this paper, from the stand point of view of the critique to "Popper-Hempel theory", I will attempt to make fit to the historical explanation of the method of "intentional explanation", which modified the theory of the motivational orientation of human action.
Main points of this paper, therefore, shall be summarized as the following :
(a) The functional analysis of the intentionality and objectivity of human action in the historical explanation is preferable to the possibility of causal-effective determinism.
(b) The analysis of historical human action is correlative to the functional analysis of evaluation.
(c) From these points, the analysis of value function is the essential problem in the historical analysis.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1259K)
Grading of Various Levels of "Morals" in Animals

Masao Torii

1970 Volume 3 Pages 159-173
Published: November 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4216/jpssj.3.159

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The "morals" of animals have often been described. In this paper it is proposed to establish the levels of "morals" among them.
1. Level of species
That a species is maintained at the "sacrifice" of the individual is the substance of animal life, and by itself has no connection with morals.
2. Level of aggregation
"Social inhibition" is "behavior patterns resembling morals(Lorenz)", but in fact it is only an innate habit or an instinct, as Lorenz also considers.
3. Level of group
Lorenz removed the parentheses of "morals", as he could find personality among preylag geese and acknowledged the same moral sentiments of friendship and love etc., as those in man.
4. Level of personality
There are many grades of "personality". Higher animals undergo psychological or mental conflicts and internal restraints. Only kinds of behavior in this grade can enter the category of morals, although they differ qualitatively from man's morals. The author designates them "submorals", distinguishing this from the "premorals" of primitive man.
5. Level of the ecosystem
The cycles of energy and the revolution of matter among producers, consumers and transformers at trophic levels might remind us of Buddhism's "samsara" (the cycles of life).

View full abstract

Download PDF (1244K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1970 Volume 3 Pages 175-223
Published: November 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4216/jpssj.3.175

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (2938K)

Register with J-STAGE for free!