Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from a total of 1167-time samplings in 354 attacks of 164 cases of asthmatic infants and children between 0 to 15 years of age. Distribution volume (V_d) was caluculated after 15 minutes infusion in 118 times of asthma attcks of 76 cases. Interpatient mean value and standard deviation (SD) of these V_d were 392±103ml/kg (CV*=26.3%), and intrapatient mean CV was also 26.3%.
And V_d was also caluculated after 2 hours infusion in 184 times of attacks of 114 cases. Interpatient values of these V_d were 408±54.6ml/kg (CV=13.3%), and intrapatient mean CV was also 13.1% respectively. Elimination rate constant (K_e) was caluculated 639 times in 156 cases after several hours of maintenance doses. Interpatient mean and SD of these K_e were 0.160±0.0417/h (CV=26.1%), and intrapatient mean CV was also as large as 32.0%. Clearance (C_L) was caluculated 226 times in 86 cfses after over 12 hours of maintenance doses. Interpatient mean and SD of these CL were 57.4±13.9ml/kg/h (CV=24.2%), and intrapatient mean CV was as small as 19.3%.
From these results, it was shown that V_d caluculated after 2-hour infusion and individual mean values of C_L are better and more suitable for making individual aminophylline infusion program, compared with the V_d caluculated after 15 minutes infusion and Interpatient C_L. *CV: Coefficient of variation. CV=SD±Mean×100(%)

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Data of serum theophylline levels from 60 asthmatic children receiving Round the Clock Therapy with sustained-release theophylline formulations were analyzed for 144 times, using microcomputer soft-ware “Theopredict-I”. As both of intrapatient variations of pharmacokinetic parameters and interpatient variations are very large, the result of a single analysis should not be used for the analysis with Baysian Method instead of population parameters generally used. Low levels of serum theophylline observed in night-time were considered to be the result of decreased absorbtion rate (AR) and increased clearance (C_L) compared with those in day-time. The optimal doses calculated from the results of the analysis varied widely, suggesting that serum theophylline levels should be frequently monitored during the Round the Clock Therapy.
AR of Theodur^® Tab. were significantly small when compared with that of Theolong^®, in cases of Children between 4-9 years of age, and these results suggests the Theodur Tab. are of more superior sustained-release property than the Theolong Gr..

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It has been pointed out that when refining a virus prepared in allantoic fluid of hens' eggs via ultracentrifugation, the virus would be contained by a component, identified as ovomacroglobulin, In this study, ovomacroglobulin antibodies IgG, IgE, and IgG4 were measured to determine the relationship between ovomacroglobulin and allergies, IgE antibody level was significantly elevated in allergic patients compared to normal children, This value did not correlate with radioaller gosorbent test (BAST) or skin test values to hens' egg white, IgG antibody specimens taken from normal subjectes from birth to the age of 6 months were all negative; comparable specimens from allergy-predisposed infants in the same age range showed high levels of the antibody, indicating a maked difference between the two groups. Similarly, a difference was noted in IgG4 level, but not as substantial as the one in IgG level.
When its relationship to commercially available influenza vaccines was studied, the anti-ovomacroglobulin antibody was found to increase significanted rabbits, In addition, the vaccine was found to react to the antiovomacroglobulin antibody.
These findings suggest that ovomacroglobulin is an improtant dietary element and relates to the influenza vaccine.

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We have investigated the circadian variation of plasma concentration and bioavailability of Theolong 50mg and Theo-dur 50mg tablets at a steady state following dosing at 12-hour intervals comparing 10 asthmatic children using a cross-over method.
There was no significant difference in the plasma theophylline level of each time. In the cases of Theolong and Theo-dur, the mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and the area under the curve (AUC) in the night-time were significantly lower than those in the day-time. Peak-trough difference in the day-time was significantly higher than that in the night-time.
These results suggest that Theolong and Theo-dur 50mg tablets have the same circadian variation and bioavailability as those in Theolong and that Theo-dur 100 or 200mg tablets and these drugs were useful for younger children because of their small size. But it was necessary to administer a higher dose of theophylline in the night-time compared with that in the day-time.

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Paper disk RAST test is widely used for assay of serum specific IgE antibody. Recently, a new assay technique for it, called CAP system, is available from Pharmacia.
We utilized CAP system to titrate serum specific IgE antibodies and compared the results with those of RAST and skin prick test. One hundred twenty-six patients with allergic diseases were studied. Serum specific IgE antibodies to 15 allergens were measured by fluorometric CAP system. Then we performed RAST with same sera and skin prick test to the same patients. Correlations between the results of CAP and those of RAST were good in inhalant allergens except for house dust and also in food allergens. CAP system seemed to have better sensitivities than RAST for inhalant allergens, especially for dog dander and for Japanese ceder. As concerns house dust, CAP had less sensitivity than RAST and the correlation between them was not good. Correlations between CAP and spin prick test were also good, and CAP had better sensitivities than skin prick test for inhalant allergens. As a result, CAP system appeares to be a reliable good in vitro test for measuring serum specific IgE antibodies providing some other advantages.

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The author studied the development of allergic diseases in children born to women who were defined as having a positive allergy history and who had already given birth to a child who suffers from allergy. The pregnant women were advised to follow milk and egg elimination and the rate of development of atopic dermatitis and repeated wheezing episodes in the babies was monitored until they became 2 years of age. Sixteen out of 78 pregnant women started to eliminate milk and egg complerely from the diet befor the 6th month of gestation, 31 started food elimination after that date, and the remaining 31 did not eliminnate any foods in spite of the advice of their doctor. The offspring born to those mothers who started food elimination earlier during pregnancy did not show any respiratory symptoms but the mothers who followed late elimination produced 10 babies with episodic wheezing (the incidence being 32% (10/31)). The early food elimination grow up was less likely to develop atopic dermatitis.
Mothers who had low serum IgE levels during pregnancy and low cord blood IgE levels produced infants with no allergic symptoms. On the other hand, infants born to mothers whose IgE and cord blood IgE levels were high showed a higher rate of development of allergy symptoms in thir babies. A questionnaire was sent to 78 mothers who participated in this prenatal management program to ask their psychological attitude to the guidance for food elimination. Fourty-two out of 58 responders said that they were not overly worried about elimination because what was eliminated occupies only a portion of nutrients as a whole. The remainder confessed that they worried about a possible nutritional inadequacy.

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One hundred and ninety-seven infants aged 0 to 6 months who had never received solid hen's egg and sollid chiken meat were studied for evidence of sensitization to egg white by RAST (Pharmacia Diagnostics AB). Positive RAST results (more than 0.7PRU/ml) for egg white were judged as sensitization to egg white through placenta or breast milk. Of 197 infants, 160 had eczematous rash and 37 control infants had normal skin. Sixty-one babies (38.1%) in eczematous group and two (4.2%) in controls were sensitized with egg white (p<0.01). Out of 8 infants who were exculusively fed with cow's milk, 2, with positive egg white, were regarded as transplacental sensitization. The incidence of positive egg white RAST in eczematous infants was gradually increased with age. These results suggest that sensitization through placenta or breast milk may play some roles in development of eczema and that sensitization through breast milk is more common than through placenta.

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The effects of sustained vagotonia induced by 7 consecutive days of pretreatment with an anticholinesterase, echothiophate iodide (ETP, 20μg/kg/day, s.c.) on carbachol-induced responses and muscarinic receptor binding characteristics in lung, heart and ileum of guinea-pigs have been investigated. The study was aimed at elucidating the mechanisms involved in the ETP-induced airway subsensitivity to carbachol observed in our previous studies.
ETP-pretreatment reduced cholinesterase activity by about 40-50% in lung, heart, ileum and serum. In the lung and heart, neither the sensitivity of isolated tissues to carbachol nor the binding of [³H] quinuclidinyl benzilate ([³H]QNB) were influenced by ETP-pretreatment. In contrast, the sensitivity of isolated trachea and ileum to carbachol was reduced by ETP-pretreatment, and this sensitivity change of the ileum was associated with a fall in muscarinic receptor density without a change in receptor affinity, as determined in [³H]QNB binding experiments. ETP-pretreatment also reduced the sensitivity of trachea and ileum to histamine, although [³H] pyrilamine binding in the ileum was not affected.
These results suggest that sustained vagotonia induced by chronic ETP-pretreatment reduces the sensitivity of isolated ileum and possibly trachea to carbachol and histamine through a reduction in muscarinic receptor density and also some alteration of receptor coupling to intracellular mechanisms.

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