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Volume 4, Issue 2
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Kiyohisa Fujino1958 Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 1-2
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (200K) -
Kiyohisa Fujino, Yorikazu Shimotsuma1958 Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 3-13
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith the progress of the wearing of a fine-spinning ring by the running of a traveller, a regular waviness is often observed on the worn surface of the ring. It reduces the stability of the running traveller and shortens the life of the ring. This article deals with the characteristics and the mechanism of the growth of waviness on a ring and considers preventive methods.
The wavy-worn surface of a ring is a nearly sinsonical profile. That is to say, it has a wave height less than 0.1mm and a relatively uniform wave length, 3.5_??_5.5mm. It has been established by experiment and theoretical caleulation that the regularity of the wave length on a wavy-worn surface is due to the lateral elastic vibration of ring-guided running traveller.
The spun yarn which drives the traveller makes a vibration identical to the lateral vibration of a stretched thread. This vibration is equal in frequency to the lateral vibration of the traveller The lateral vibration of the traveller, then, is apt to grow in severity.
On the other hand, measuring of the hardness distribution in the interior of a ring shows that the wavy wear is conspicuous on a ring having a great hardness gradient in the hardened surface layer. So long as the present mechanism of rings and travellers is employed, the best method to prevent wavy wear is to reduce the hardness gradient in the hardened surface layer or to increase the thickness of the layer.View full abstractDownload PDF (1061K) -
Yoshito Miura1958 Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 14-20
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOoject: (1) To survey the deformation of the diameter of a thread caused by twisting number and tensile load when the thread receives no compressive load.
(2) To devise an apparatus for measuring the strain when the thread is compressed; to survey the strain of the thickness and the breadth of the thread, especially the thickness when affected by twisting number and tensile load; and to establish the relation between compressive load and strain.
Findings: (1) Where the thread receives no compressive load and tensile load is small, strain increases rapidly (to the extent of about 30% of the diameter of a thread having the usual twisting number) until the interestices of the fibers constituting the thread vanish because of twist. Moreover, the rate of increase in strain differs to some extent according to twisting number, but strain is comparatively great until the tensile load is up to about 30 grams and increases gradually when the tensile load reaches 45 grams.
(2) Between the compressive load, P, and the modulus of strain, ε, an experimental formula, P=a•εOn-m•εm, is formed where a, m and n are constants defined by twist and tensile load, and εO. is the turning point of the P-ε logarithmic curve.
(3) The ratio of thickness and breadth which shows the deformation of the thread decrease as P increases. With load removed, the ratio is almost constant when P attains a cer_??_ain value.
(4) The modulus of compressive elasticity and the modulus which corresponds to recovery elasticity are capable of being calculated.View full abstractDownload PDF (626K) -
Toshimi Musha1958 Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 21-26
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to devise a practical method to reduce tension variation on the ring spinning frame by measuring spinning tension.
The results of the study are summarized as follows:
(1) The variable speed drive of spindles is useful for reducing the tension variation for chases in which the winding angle varies during the vertical motion of the ring rail. It is possible to keep tension uniform if the speed of the spindle is properly adjusted with consideration given to the balloon height and the winding angle, and if the balloon-control ring is fixed.
(2) The smaller the winding angle, the larger the spinning tension. A winding angle smaller than 23 degrees is undesirable.
(3) Use of the antinode ring reduces the spinning tension level by an average of 15% and the variation in the spinning tension by 50%. The position of the control ring should be at 40-50% from the bottom of the balloon. A control ring of equal radius with the spinning ring can be used with satisfactory results.
(4) The variation in spinning tension can be reduced by proper vertical motion.View full abstractDownload PDF (490K) -
Michio Kato, Kokichi Yoshida1958 Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 27-31
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSObject: We have measured the quantity of static electricity when rayon staple or blended nylon-rayon staple are spun on the cotton spinning system, and investigated how and where static electricity is generated. The effect of static elimination through mechanical methods has been examined comparatively.
Results: (1) The more fiber inte action there is, the larger the quantity of electrification. (2) The quantity of electrification has been reduced from one-fifth to one-fiftieth by the adjustment of temperature and moisture. (3) Spinning is difficult when the quantity of electrification is about 10×10-12 coul/cm2. (4) An anti-static olectric roller and card clothing are useful for preventing electrification. The maximum reduction is about 1/200 in a drawing frame.View full abstractDownload PDF (450K) -
Matsuo Maeda1958 Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 32-44
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author seeks to offer basic data on the control of yarn tension while yarn is on a machine. For that purpose, he has made experiments concerning the effects which the conditions of tensile stress have on the stress relaxation of commercial nylon and viscose yarns after the stoppage of yarn deformation. He has analyzed the results of these experiments.
Findings: (1) When a specified strain, say γo%, is applied to these yarns at a constant speed of drawing of c%/sec, the shape of the stress relaxation curve after the deformation of the yarn has ceased, becomes almost parallel to the lateral axis-which is graduated in logarithmic time-between the original point and the point which is 1 or 2 dc before the time γo/c sec. The lower the speed of drawing, the longer the range of the parallel section. The inclination of the curve becomes less steep as observation time passes. Where the degree of strain is equal, the curves of a material drawn at different speeds becomes almost parallel to one another.
(2) When the speed of drawing is varied during the process of stretch, stress relaxation is greatly affected by the speed of deformation just before the material attains the specified strain. The higher the speed, the higher the rate of relaxation.
(3) The conclusions formed in the foregoing paragraphs (1) and (2) have been deduced from the results of experiments. They agree with the results of an analysis of that relaxation process of tensile stress which is adduced from the generalized linear model.View full abstractDownload PDF (1135K) -
Haruo Sanuki1958 Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 45-52
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe degree of porosity (degree of opening) of wool assemblies has a great deal to do with the machanism of practical processing. The author has made experimental measurements concerning the steeping process as an initial attempt to analyze the bearing which the degree of porosity of wool assemblies has on practical processing.
In both the flowing-out and steeping methods, steeping efficiency varies greatly with the degree of porosity. For the sake of high steeping efficiency, wool assemblies must be well-open_??_d before being fed to the steeping machine.
The following article is a sequel to the article, “Effect of Wool Porosity on Scouring and Drying Process: Part 1, ” Vol. 4, No. 1 (June 1958), pp. 17_??_23, of this journal.View full abstractDownload PDF (788K) -
Kumeo Nakajima1958 Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 53-56
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe oscillatory behavior of the concentration of slurry discharged from a slurry tank is analyzed here mathmatically, on the assumption that a slurry tank system is a linear system with time lag in the slurry concentration.
If the concentration of slurry discharged from a slurry tank lags behind the average slurry concentration in the tank, the following consequences will arise: (1) The concentration oscillation of slurry discharged from the tank becomes excessive when the time lag exceeds a certain critical value determined by the slurry tank characteristics. (2) If the velocity of feeding the pulp sheets to the tank oscillates, the lower components remain as steady oscillations of the slurry concentration, but the effects of the higher frequency components are negligible. A kind of resonance occurs to the intermediate frequency components when the time lag of a stable system is sufficiently large.View full abstractDownload PDF (300K) -
Michikazu Tanaka, Keiko Furusaku1958 Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 57-60
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFabrics woven of fine-filament warp yarns of certain colors and fine-filament filling yarns of certain other colors-the so-called “Tamamushi” (iridescent) fabrics in Japanese-change in surface color by the deformation, rotation and inclination of the fabric surfaces. The causes of this color change have been examined by measuring the surface reflectance with a photoelectric spectrophotometer and by measuring the color difference with Hunter's color difference meter. These measurements have shown that a great color effect for “Tamamushi” fabrics is obtainable by weaving fabrics from warp and filling yarns having chromaticity points over a long distance in the UCS diagram.View full abstractDownload PDF (280K) -
Bunjiro Ichijo, Tomokazu Arai, Tadao Hayashi, Tsuneo Daimon1958 Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 61-70
Published: 1958
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this article is to describe the principle of a capacitance measuring circuit which uses two double resonant circuits.
The essential characteristics to be emphasized are that this circuit can be used to measure very small capacitance, say, down to 10-3 pF; and that, as a direct-reading capacitance meter it is least susceptible to the effect of the resistance component of the specimen.
Experimental results show that this circuit has many uses in industrial fields, especially in textile mills, as a moisture detector, a hygrometer, a tensionmeter and as their automatic controller. Some other interesting instances of its use are also described.View full abstractDownload PDF (843K)
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