Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan

Theoretical Analysis on the Spectral Density of Random Slivers

Kiyohisa Fujino, Sueo Kawabata

1959 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4188/jte1955.5.1

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This article concerns a theoretical analysis of random slivers. The assumptions made in it are that all fibers are straight and parallel to the sliver axis; that each single fiber is of a constant thickness; and that fibers are arranged at random according to some statistic process or other.
The authors have formulated a function which expresses the thickness of slivers, to begin with, and have calculated its spectral density by Fourier transformation. Then, as a special case in the general formula, the so-called “random slivers” are denoted and the characteristics of their irregularity explained.
The results of this analysis make it possible to explain an empirical fact, such as that the most conspicuous wave length component contained in the irregularity of a normal yarn is 2 L when the constituent fibers are of uniform length L.
This theory can be used to solve problems attending automatic control of sliver levelness, the technique of the measurement of sliver or yarn irregularity, the drafting and the theory of blending.

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Fiber Orientation

Wajuro Itani

1959 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 10-24
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4188/jte1955.5.10

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Chapters 1 and 2 show the functional formulas formed by the combing ratio, culling ratio, cut length, selectional fiber number diagram and the degree of orientation. The degree of orientation in laps, slivers and rovings are measured and calculated by these formulas.
Chapter 3 shows the functional formulas formed by the declined angles of effective segments and the degree of orientation. The degree of orientation in the microscopic fields in laps, slivers and rovings are measured and calculated by these formulas.
Chapter 4 shows the functional formulas formed by the degree of parallelization, straightening and orientation. The degree of parallelization and straightening in laps, stivers and rovings are measured and calculated by these formulas.

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Discussing Van Wyk's Theory^[1] Concerning Compression of a Fibrous Mass

Kazuo Wakayama, Tatsukichi Hattori

1959 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 25-30
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4188/jte1955.5.25

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Van Wyk's theory on the compression of a fibrous mass is refuted by the authors on the ground that it ignores the substantial thickness of a fiber. The authors' formula, which shows the theoretical relation between the pressure and volume of a compressed specimen, explains the experimental tendency of the pressure-volume curve. However, it offers no strict experimental verification, because there are unavoidable limitations on the method of experiment at present usually employed and the authors have used that method to verify their formula.
The following expression, which the authors believe useful for the theoretical treatment of the compression of a fibrous mass, has been obtained:
Δl/Δt-Δl=1/λ(ω₀+Pressure)
where Δt and Δl are the apparent height and the substantial thickness of the elemental thin layer in a compressed specimen, and ω₀ is the latent pressure of the specimen. This expression shows the proportional relation between the degree of packing, Δl/(Δt-Δl), and the pressure in an elemental thin layer of a compressed specimen. The symbol λ is named “the modulus of the degree of packing.”

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Wear of Spindles for Spinning

Yoshiro Iwata

1959 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 31-37
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4188/jte1955.5.31

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Object: With the aid of flat plates and balls we have made spinning wear tests on the footsteps of spinning spindles equipped with roller bearings. The purpose is to clarify the characteristics of wear caused by total revolutions, load, speed and hardness, and to examine the wear resistance property of the steps.
Test results: Conducted with the use of flat plates and balls (both made of bearing steel SUJ 2) as well as spindles, the wear tests have shown that:
(1) Spinning revolutions and the amount of wear (loss in weight) increase in an almost linear relation.
(2) The relation between the load and the amount of wear is such that the latter tends to increase slightly as the former increases.
(3) The amount of wear tends to increase rapidly with a decrease in the spinning rotation speed. It will help to reduce wear if rotations are speeded up by improving the efficiency of service spindles.
(4) The relation between combinations of various degrees of hardness and the total amount of wear is such that the latter decreases with an increase in the hardness of test pieces, if flat plates have been hardened in a degree reasonable and matching balls approximately HR C 64 in Rockwell hardness.
(5) A step having a well-finished and harder surface reduces the wear of spindle pivots.

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Effect of Wool Porosity on Mechanism of Solvent Scouring

Haruo Sanuki

1959 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 38-45
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4188/jte1955.5.38

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The degree of porosity (degree of opening) of a wool assembly has a great deal to do with the mechanism of practical processing. The author has made experimental measurements concerning the solvent scouring process as his second attempt to analyze the bearing which the degree of porosity of a wool assembly has on practical processing. (Reports on his initial attempt were published in the June and December 1958 issues of this Journal.) The author concludes in this article that:
(1) In the steeping system for the treatment of a wool assembly, the efficiency of treatment, particularly short-time treatment, varies with the degree of wool porosity.
(2) In the flowing-out system, the efficiency of extraction is fairly high even when the degree of wool porosity is considerably small.

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Metallic Card Clothing and Its Teeth

Kiyoshi Mizukaga

1959 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 46-50
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4188/jte1955.5.46

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“DZ” High Speed Comber of Howa's Pattern No. 3

Howa Machinery, Ltd.

1959 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 51-52
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4188/jte1955.5.51

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OKK H. S. Type Comber

Osaka Kiko Co., Ltd.

1959 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 53-54
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4188/jte1955.5.53

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OM-Type Nasmith System High-Speed Comber

Osaka Machine Mfg. Co., Ltd.

1959 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 54-56
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4188/jte1955.5.54

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Tokai High Production Comber

Tokai's Loom Works Co., Ltd.

1959 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 56-57
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4188/jte1955.5.56

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Nasmith Type High Speed Combing Machine

Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd.

1959 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 58-60
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4188/jte1955.5.58

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New Adjustable Ring Temple and Adjustable Star Temple

Fuji Machine Works

1959 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 61-62
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4188/jte1955.5.61

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Ribbon Breaker Device for Type SR Winder

Rokuya Igushi

1959 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 62-63
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4188/jte1955.5.62

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Industrial Vacuum Cleaner for Textile Machines

Nippon Cleaner Co., Ltd.

1959 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 63-64
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4188/jte1955.5.63

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