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Volume 5, Issue 2
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Kiyohisa Fujino, Wajuro Itani1959 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 1-9
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis article concerns a theoretical analysis of the effects of drafting on the fiber orientation of ideal slivers. The assumptions made in it are that ideal slivers are filled perfectly with the medium; that all fibers can be folded at the interlocking points of segments; and that the directional distributions of segments are fixed by the deformation of the medium.
The authors have formulated a function to expresses the effects which changes in the length and volume of ideal slivers have on fiber oriettation. The results of this analysis make it possible to explain some empirical facts, such as:
(1) That the directional distributions of segments in slivers follow the normal or the peaked distribution, depending on whether draft ratios are small or large.
(2) That the degrees of fiber orientaion of slivers increases gradually, but the rate of increase gets gradually smaller as the draft ratio increases.
This theory can be used to estimate the effects of draft ratios on the fiber orientation of slivers as the value of draft efficiency.View full abstractDownload PDF (600K) -
Shigeru Watanabe1959 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 10-13
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new master theory on rheology is shown by using derivatives of fractional order. This theory is sufficient to describe, simply and definitely, stress-strain relations as functions of time which represent many well-known visco-elastic behaviors.View full abstractDownload PDF (198K) -
Shozaburo Yamaguchi1959 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 14-20
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author has sought to inquire experimentally into the mechanical properties, such as tension. creep and recovery, of terylene fibers, and to compare them with the mechanical properities of other fibers which the author has previously looked into.
The tensile properties of terylene fibers are also quantitatively represented by the seven tensile characteristic values used in the author's previous report[1] to analyze the tensile behaviors of some other textile fibers.
The behaviors of creep and recovery in terylene fibers nearly follow the general creep and recovery formulas given in his previous report.[2] Therefore, the mechanical properties of terylene fibers may be represented quantitatively by some constants in those formulas. The effects of temperature and humidity on these properties are experimentally discussed in this article.
The characteristics of the mechanical properties of terylene fibers, compared with those of eight other fibers-cotton, wool, viscose rayon, tirecord rayon, bemberg, acetate, vinylon and nylon-are as follows: Tenacity is of the highest class like the tenacity of nylon fibers: The time rate of creep elongation is very small like that of cotton; the recovery rate of elongation is the highest; and yet elongation is moderate; and susceptibility to the effects humidity is very slight.View full abstractDownload PDF (505K) -
Matsuo Maeda, Takuji Yamaguchi1959 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 21-38
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperimental data on the viscoelastic properties of filament yarns hitherto published cannot be directly used in an analysis of the mechanical behavior of a yarn which is being worked on a textile machine. This is because the experiments to which such data pertain have left out of consideration the hysteris effect of a yarn which is being worked on a textile machine.
The authors have made experiments-taking the hysteris effect into consideration -to see how the tension of a running yarn is affected by external forces.
The experiments made are:
(1) Static experiment-to see how the tension of a running yarn changes with changes in draft force and in the running speed of the yarn.
(2) Dynamic experiment-to see how the tension of a running yarn, when elongated periodically, changes with changes in draft force, in the running speed of the yarn and in the amplitude of elongation which the yarn receives periodically.
The samples used in both experiments were viscose filament yarns and nylon filament yarns.View full abstractDownload PDF (1270K) -
Muneo Suematsu1959 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 39-41
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study discusses the loads and phase velocities of the longitudinal pulse waves of stress of several kinds of threads (raw silk, degummed silk, viscose rayon spun yarn and woolen yarn) under small tension.
An experiment by the author has shown that:
(1) The pulse velocity of a thread increases with an increase in tension.
(2) Young's longitudinal modulus of a thread increases with an increase in tension.
(3) The rate of increase in Young's longitudinal modulus for the load of spun yarns makes an exceedingly large value under weak tension of yarn.View full abstractDownload PDF (233K) -
Ichiro Gemma, Yasuji Fukushima, Tomobumi Miyasaka1959 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 42-49
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChapter 1 deals with the diameters of twisted filament yarns. Chapter 2 discusses the structures of twisted filament yarn.
In chapter 1 the authors conclude that:
Given the number n of twist turns per meter, yarn shrinkage εy and yarn count D denier, diamete R of twisted viscose yarn can be expressed by the following equation:
R=R0/K√1-εy
where R0 is an assumed diameter when the yarn is assumed to be filled with fibers. and is a constant value for a given yarn. K is expressed as follows:
K=0.693+0.00122D+0.000055n-(n/150)-2.25εy
This empirical formula is applicable in calculating the diameters of viscose and bemberg twisted yarns.
In chapter 2 the authors reach the following conclusions:
The structure of a twisted filament yarn deviates from an ideal helical form. The deviation may be explained thus: (1) As the filaments increase in number, so the deviation becomes greater; (2) the finer the yarn count, the less the deviation; (3) the greater the yarn tension during twisting, the smaller the deviation; (4) the smaller the coefficient of friction between filaments, the greater the deviation; (5) the shape of the cross section of a filament apparently has a bearing on the degree of deviation; (6) the higher the yarn contraction rate, the greater the deviation.View full abstractDownload PDF (623K) -
Kyugoro Sakamoto, Hisashi Kamogawa1959 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 50-56
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments have been successfully made to establish a method of measuirng warp tension and letting-off length per pick in weaving and of judging quantitatively by this method the efficiency of the Let-Off Motion Device (explained later) while it is running.
Results of Research
(1) The method to measure warp let-off length per pick has been established with the aid of cameras, a pick counter and a Xenon electric discharge tube. By this method, the maximum error is 0.3% and the time needed for each measurement is within 3 minutes.
(2) The whole warp tension has been measured with the aid of steel rings, a strain meter and an electro-magnetic oscillograph without turning the channel of the warp yarn. The maximum error is estimated at ±5%.
(3) Warp tension and letting-off length per pick have been measured with the Negative and Positive Let-Off Motion Devices (explained later) and the quantitative efficiency of both Positive and Negative Let-Off Motion Devices determined.View full abstractDownload PDF (615K) -
Kunio Aoki, Takeshi Asakawa, Noboru Arita1959 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 57-62
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs the first step toward the ultimate aim of producing a flatless high production card of a simple mechanism, the authors have explored the possibility of improving the cleaning efficiency of the lickerin. As a result, they have developed a carding engine of higher cleaning efficiency. One of its major features is that it has two lickerins, the second lickerin being located between the conventional lickerin and the cylinder. The second lickerin adjoins both the first lickerin and the cylinder.
The second lickerin is covered with a specially designed garnet wire, which is perforated for suction. It has in its interior a stationary vacuum box with its both ends connected to the suction part of the fan at the foot of the machine frame. The vacuum box is so placed that its opening always faces the point of contact of the first and second lickerins. The new carding engine is without the screen of the conventional lickerin. This gives a wide open space under the lickerin. The machine has an adjustable mote-knife of a special design.
Spinning tests have been made on 20's and 40's cotton yarns and on 10's cotton yarn produced from waste.View full abstractDownload PDF (462K)
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