Clinical features and treatment results of 16 cases of canine immune-mediated polyarthritis were evaluated retrospectively. Young to middle-aged (2-8 yrs; 14 cases), small-breed (<7 kg; 12 cases) dogs were predominant, and stifle (16) or carpal (9) joints were most frequently affected. Common clinical abnormalities included gait abnormality (16/16), pyrexia (11/16), or synovial fluid leukocytosis (12/12). Ten cases had radiographic features of erosive polyarthritis (EPA), and other 6 were regarded as non-erosive polyarthritis (NEPA). All of EPA cases were female and 6 were miniature dachshund. All cases well responded to induction therapy using predonisolone (1.25-3.4 mg/kg/day) and most could be maintained with low-dosage prednisolone (0-0.9 mg/kg/day, median 0.25) without relapse. Four of 6 NEPA cases, which regarded as idiopathic NEPA, maintained complete remission for 21 to 47 months without medication. Long-term results were evaluated in 7 cases of EPA, 6 of which maintained good quality of life with continuous administration of low-dose predonisolone for 36 to 45 months, and another one also maintained a gait ability after ceasing medication by owner's decision.

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A triple drug therapy with emulsified cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil and predonisolone was used for 90 days for the prevention of acute rejection in six renal transplanted beagles. Five dogs survived for 90 days, but one dog died suddenly from unknown reason with a functioning graft 9 days after transplantation. Allografts of three of the five survived dogs showed no evidence of acute rejection based on Banff'07 histopathological classification. The other two dogs showed acute allograft rejection on histopathological evaluation and urinary tract infection at the end of the study. None of the dogs showed adverse effects such as hepatotoxicity and myelosuppression. At necropsy, abnormal cystic dilatation of the crypts with secretory accumulation was found in the duodenum mucosa in all dogs survived for 90 days. With further research, this triple drug immunosuppressive therapy could become a potential alternative of the classical immunosuppressive protocol (cyclosporine, azathiopurine and predonisolone) for the prevention of acute allograft rejection in dogs.

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We considered surgical approach for canine brain tumors at para suprasellar lesion based on the MRI diagnosis, shape and location of the tumors. As a result, we employed interhemispheric approach (IHA) for case 1, in which the mass was located in cranio-dorsal area of a pituitary gland, and transshenoidal approach (TSA) for case 2, in which the mass was originated from the pituitary gland, respectively. We were able to perform successful removals in these cases as we planned before surgery. We believe IHA and TSA are very useful approach techniques to remove brain tumors at para suprasellar lesion.

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A 9-year-old male intact cat presented with 3 months history of lethargy, anorexia and an episode of front limb paresis. The MRI showed a mass lesion which was round and has irregular, indistinct margin in the right parietal to occipital parenchyma suggestive of diffuse astrocytoma. The tumor was causing the right cingulate herniation, caudal transtentorial herniation and mild foramen magnum herniation. The cat deteriorated to non-ambulatory and stupor with right sided head tilt on the 31st day. Tumor resection via lateral rostro-tentorial approach resulted significant improvement of the clinical signs. The histopathological diagnosis was gemistocytic astrocytoma. The cat received total of 45 Gy irradiation over 21 days. The cat died after developing status epilepticus on the 95th postoperative day.

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A 10-year-old female Golden Retriever was presented with depression and seizure. This case showed the high value of CPK in blood biochemistry test. The tumor was detected in the frontal lobe by the basis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. The tumor was removed by craniotomy and diagnosed histologically as a meningothelial meningioma. Although the recurrence was observed at 638 days, this case survived for 707 days after the operation.

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I reported 2 kittens of pectus excavatum with the upper respiratory tract infection. I operated with upper abdominal approach and incised the diaphragm, pulled up the cave-in costicartilage portion by finger and banded that portion tight with mattress sutures and covered pre-bended bone plate to costicartilage for increased power to repair. I observed that they rapidly got improved respiratory distress, disappearance of exercise intolerance, increase in their body weight and growing up as large as their littermates in appearance after surgical treatmennt.

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