A case of dyspnea caused by bilateral dentigerous cysts in the nasal cavity of a Pug dog. A 3-year-old, 6.5 kg, neutered male Pug was referred with dyspnea, thought to be due to an elongated soft palate. Although the soft palate was indeed slightly elongated, the right maxillary third premolar was missing and the left maxillary second premolar had not fully erupted. Computed tomography images showed severe narrowing of the nasal cavity caused by two extensive bilateral cystic structures. Surgical shortening of the elongated soft palate did not improve dyspnea, suggesting that the two cystic structures in the nasal cavity were causing the symptoms. The cysts were surgically excised and impacted teeth removed. The impacted right maxillary third premolar and hemi-impacted left maxillary second premolar tooth were identified in each cyst on histologic examination. Taken together with the imaging appearance, these findings allowed the diagnosis of dentigerous cysts to be made. The dog’s respiratory function improved immediately after surgery and remains normal 16 months later; follow-up imaging 10 months after surgery showed no recurrence. In dyspneic brachycephalic dogs with missing maxillary teeth, odontogenic cyst should be considered as a differential diagnosis.

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The unexpected deaths of 160 rabbits undergoing anesthesia were examined retrospectively. All rabbits were assessed according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification system based on pre-anesthetic examination, laboratory tests and imaging findings. Abnormalities were evident on X-ray images in 4.7% (two out of 43) of the ASA class I cases. Of the ASA class II cases, 22.6% (12 out of 53) had abnormalities detected on laboratory testing, and 30.0% (15 out of 50) had abnormal imaging findings. The incidence of anesthesia-related death was 1.9%. None of the healthy rabbits undergoing ovariohysterectomy or castration died; however, anesthesia-related death occurred in three rabbits, one with uterine disease, one with a urinary calculus and one with gastrointestinal obstruction. One of these cases was classified as ASA class III and the remaining two as class IV. Two rabbits died 1 hour after premedication and the other died 18 hours after surgery due to a cardiac arrest. Our findings suggest that rabbits with ASA class III or IV physical health status are at higher risk of anesthesia-related death, so careful monitoring should be instituted for 24 hours after starting treatment.

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A case of bladder tamponade in a cat with coagulation factor XII deficiency. A 31/2-year-old castrated mixed-breed cat exhibited dysuria and was referred to the Animal Medical Center of Yamaguchi University, Japan. The cat had a history of feline lower urinary tract infection. Based on diagnostic imaging including X-ray, ultrasound and computed tomography, a mass lesion was detected in the bladder causing slight dilation of the left ureter. Surgery was scheduled; however, severe prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was detected on pre-operative coagulation testing. Exploratory cystomy revealed massive blood clots within the bladder, allowing the definitive diagnosis of bladder tamponade to be made. Surgery was uneventful. Postoperative testing indicated coagulation factor XII deficiency. In this case, the likely cause of the intravesical hemorrhage and bladder tamponade was iatrogenic injury caused by urethral catheterization during the management of feline lower urinary tract infection, likely exacerbated by the incidental finding of coagulation factor XII deficiency.

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