Thermally stimulated exoelectron emission (TSEE) from mechanically damaged sand was measured by using a modified Geiger counter (Fig.1). The TSEE glow curves exhibited an emission peak at a certain temperature (Fig.2). The number of electrons counted in the TSEE measurement (termed “total count”) increased with a decrease in particle size of the sand by grinding (Figs.3 and 10), but more finely ground sand gave a small value of total count (Fig.11).
A similar order was obtained when the grinding of the sand was per formed in the same kind of organic vapors as organics in the counter gases (Fig.4). This order closely corresponded to that of the proton attracting power of functional group of the organics, and therefore the exoelectron emission (EEE) was attributable to the formation of hydrogen bonding between the functional group and surface-hydroxyl groups on the damaged sand. The peak temperatures were roughly correlated with the intensities of the peak emission (Figs.5 and 13). Grinding environments of n-C₃H₇NH₂ and (n-C₃H₇)₂NH gave almost equal or greater values of total count compared with vacuum-grinding environments (Fig.4). In the case of n-C31-17NH, grinding environment sometimes two emission peaks were observed in the glow curves (Figs. E and 7). Exposure of ground sand to air gave different glow curves (Fig.12). The EEE during grinding at 25°C in the n-C₃H₇NH₂-Ar counter gas was strong (Fig.8), but when the sand during grinding was heated and then cooled, a very strong emission occurred only in a lower temperature region (Fig.9). This result strongly suggested that the adsorption of organic vapor in the counter gas on the solid surface was a dominant factor in the EEE.

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The effects by the preparation method of the TiO₂-MoOx system or catalyst on the catalytic activities for the hydration-oxidative dehydrogenation of propene and decomposition of 2-propanol were studied by using a common flow reactor under ordinary pressure. The catalytic activity for the isomerization of cyclopropane was also examined using a pulse to determine the nature of the acid sites on the oxides.
Molybdenum oxide was impregnat ed on TiO₂ prepared from different starting materials. Sulfate ions contained in TiO₂-MoOx increased the solid acidity and decreased the catalytic activity of the mixed oxide for the oxidative dehydrogenation (Table 1). The heat-treatment temperature of TiO₂ before the impregnation with an aqueous solution of (NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄⋅4H₂O affected the catalytic activity for the hydration-oxidative dehydrogenation of propene. A linear relationship was obtained between the amount of surface hydroxyl groups and the catalytic activity (Fig.3). Titanium oxide, which was heat-treated at low temperatures, has a large amount of surface hydroxyl groups, and they may be used as supports which hold the Mo component at higher reaction temperatures.

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A fibrous adsorbent containing amidoxime group (AO-fiber) was made of comercial polyacrylonitrile fiber by reaction of hydroxylamine in order to obtain a new fibrous adsorbent for the extraction of uranium from sea water.
The infrared spectra of AO-fiber e xhibited the characteristic absorption of amidoxime, i. e. amine stretching absorption at 3400 cm^-1, OH stretching at 3320 cm^-1, CN stretching of the hydroxyimino group at 1650 cm^-1 and NO stretching of the hydroxyimino group at 930 cm^-1is The sum of the adsorption capacities of acid and alkaline on the AO-fiber coincided with the amount of hydroxylamine formed by acid hydrolysis, and showed linear correlation with the adsorption capacity of Cu (II). On the other hand the adsorption capacity of acid on the AO resin was in accord with the adsorption capacity of Cu (II). Based on these observations, formation of another functional group, i. e. hydroxamic acid was assumed in addition to hydroxylamine in the AO-fiber. Capability of uranium adsorption of the AO-fiberincreased with increasing the adsorption capacity of Cu (II) when prepared from the same raw material of polyacrylonitrile fiber. The maximum amout of the uranium adsorption from sea water was 100 μg/g for a week.

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To improve the uranium adsorption rate of the fibrous adsorent (AO-fiber), the alkaline treatment of the AO-fiber (A-AO-fiber) was investigated.
As increasing duration of alkaline treatment, the content of weak acidic group increased whereas that of weak basic group remained constant. IR spectra of the A-AO-fiber showed the decrease of cyano group whereas the increase of carboxyl group. The adsorption capacity of Cu(II) and the adsorption rate of uranium on the A-AO-fiber increased with increasing the duration of alkaline treatment. The A-AO-fiber after alkaline treatment for 48 h adsorbed about 2 mg-Mg-fiber in a week from sea water. On the other hand the single fiber strength of the A-AO-fiber became weaker by alkaline treatment, and the A-AO-fiber after alkaline treatment for 98 h showed about a half of the strength of the AO-fiber. About 90% and 100% of uranium was eluted by 0.1 mol/l from the fibrous adsobent in 15 min and in 2 h respectively. The A-AO-fiber could be reused for adsorption and desorption of uranium from sea water without any significant decrease in the adsorption rate.

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The corrosion reaction of copper in oxygenated sulfuric acid solutions with or without Cu(II)ion in the range of log a(H+) =0 to 2 was studied. The reaction rate was measured by means of the polarization resistance method. The reaction rate was proportional to the square root of the concentration of Cu(II) ion and the pressure of oxygen.

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Effects of Na₂O/SiO₂ molar ratio, grinding condition and addition of seed crystals were investigated on the hydrothermal formation of faujasite starting from “Shirasu”, which is a kind of volcanic ash deposited abundantly in Southern Kyushu.
Ground Shirasu was first mixed with solid sodium hy droxide and heated at 300°C to obtain a dry mixture which consisted of sodium metasilicate, two types of sodium aluminosilicate and amorphous phase. The two types of sodium aluminosilicate were soluble in water. The dry mixtures were ground with water in a pot mill at 15∼60 rpm for 5∼20 min, and kept under hydrothermal condition at 90°C for 0∼30 h for crystallization. Increase of Na₂O/SiO₂, molar ratio of the dry mixture improved the yield of sodium aluminosilicates, which resulted in the increase of yield of faujasite after hydrothermal treatment. Without grinding with water, hydroxy sodalite was formed as a major crystalline phase, where faujasite was an extremely minor product or undetectable by X-ray diffractometry. Moderate grinding of the dry mixture with water for a short period of time was suitable to obtain a high yield of faujasite. But, the formation of faujasite was replaced by that of zeolite species P with excess grinding, viz. longer periods of grinding time or high rotation speed. Addition of seed crystals of faujasite increased the field of growth of fauj asite, but the maximum yield of faujasite at optimum conditions was not changed by the seeding, and about 20∼25% of amorphous phase remained even after hydrothermal treatment for 30 h. SiO₂/Al₂O₃ l208molar ratio in faujasite thus obtained was determined from its lattice constant, and that in the solid phase was calculated by its chemical analyses. When the value of SiO₂/Al₂O₃ molar ratio in faujasite was similar to that in solid phase, a large amount of faujasite was formed. But, when the value of SiO₂/Al₂O₃ in faujasite differed from that in solid phase, the amount of faujasite decreased. The retentio n of amorphous phase with seed crystals and the relation between the yield of faujasite and SiO₂/Al₂O₃, molar ratios in faujasite and solid phase support a solid transformation mechanism in the formation of faujasite by the descrided process.

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The reaction between ZrP₂O₇ and SrCO₃ in the solid state has been studied for the mixtures containing 10 to 80 mol% SrCO₃. All the mixtures were heated at 1300°C for 100 h and several of them at elevated temperatures from 700°C to 1400°C (heating rate: 10°Cmin-') in air. After the reactions, the quenched samples were subjected to X-ray powder diffractometry. The reaction products were crystalline SrZr₄(PO₄)₆, SrZr(PO₄)₂, (ZrO)₂P₂O₇, cr-Sr₃(PO₄)₂, 10 SrO₃ P₂O₅, ZrO₂ (monoclinic and tetragonal), SrZrO₃, and an amorphous phase of ZrO₂P₂O₅. The double phosphate SrZr₄(PO₄)₆ was formed in the range from 0 to 50 mol% SrCO₃and SrZr(PO₄)₂ in the range from 20 to 75 mol% SrCO₃. The single phase of SrZr₄(PO₄)₆was formed at 20 mol% SrCO₃ and the single phase of SrZr(PO₄)₂ at 50 mol% SrCO₃. The latter was converted into Zr(HPO₄)₂H₂O by boiling in 10 moldm-3 HCl.

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Impacts of aerosol lead have changed the concentration and isotopic ratios of the element circulating in remote ecosystems in the Hidaka and Tarumae mountains. Concentrations of lead in successive each 10 years ring veneer of Cercidiphyllum Japonica show that amount of the element residing on the bark and supwood layers has inceased by a factor of 2 or more in comparison with that of the core part. The isotopic ratios of lead in the basement rocks and soils under the ecosystems converge to a certain narrow spot along the isochron line of the element, and distinguish their geochronogical characteristics from other leads of different sources. In these ecosystems, however, the lead isotopic ratios of materials exposed to the atmosphere are similar to those of foreign and anthropogenic aerosol lead but are evidently dissimilar to those of the rocks and soils. Furthermore, the lead isotopic ratios in yearly ring veneers of Ceridiphyllurn Japonica and Ostrya Japoica show a certain differentiation towards the bark from the core, i. e., an approach to those of anthropogenic aerosol lead from those of the basement rocks and soils, as listed in Table 7. The lead burden per hectare in these remote ecosystems has increased to 4 g by the impact of 2 g of aerosol lead.

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Determination of thiodipropionic diesters (DETP) in the environment was studied. In this method, 3, 3'-thiodipropionic acid (TPA) was formed from DETP and then esterified with 2, 2, 2-trichloroethanol in the presence of conc. H₂SO₄. The resulting trichloroethyl ester of TPA was analyzed as the total amount of DETP by gas chromatography with an electroncapture detector (ECD). The sample was cleaned up by passing through the column with 15 g of hydrated aluminium oxide coated with H₃PO₄, before analyzing with gas chromatography. The minimum detectable amount of DETP determined by this method were 0.16 μgll in water and0.008μg/g in sediment. The recoveries of DETP were 60∼70% in water and 40∼50% in sediment samples, respectively.

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Basicity of r-pyrones [1]∼[4], chromones [5]∼[15] and flavones [16]∼[21] has been determined. There is an excellent linear relationship between the pKBH+ values obtained by the spectrophotometric method and the half-neutralization potentials(HNP) obtained by the potentiometric titration in acetic anhydride. Basicity decreases in the order: r-pyrones, flavones and chromoneg. The basicity is increased by introduction of the methyl group at the G-2 position of the pyrone ring, and decreased at the C-3 position. Simple molecular orbital calculations supported the observed results.

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The reactions of alkali metal salts of the aci-form of nitroalkanes (aci[1a-o]) with silver nitrate, potassium peroxodisulfate, and/or corresponding ce-bromonitroalkanes ([2a-g]) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) have been studied. Alkali metal salts of aci-2-nitropropane (aci [1a]) and aci-nitrocyclohexane (aci[1 b]) gave the corresponding vic-dinitro compounds ([3 a, b)). The salts of nitroethane (aci[1h ]) and 2-phenyl-1-nitroethane (aci[1i]) did not reac t. Alkali metal salts of aci-(substituted phenyl)nitromethanes (aci[1c, d]) gave 3, 4, 5-tris (substituted phenyl)-4, 5-dihydrooxazole N-oxides ([4 c, d]). Alkali metal salts of aci-1-naphthylnitromethane (aci[1k ]) and aci-1-(4-methylnaphthyl) nitromethane (aci[1l] gave a mixture of the corresponding 3, 4, 5-tris (substituted naphthyl) -4, 5-dihydrooxazole N-oxides ([4 k, 1])and trans-1, 2-di(substituted naphthyl)-ethylenes ([5 k, 1]) in the product ratio of ca.1: 1. Alkali metal salts of aci-9-(nitromethyl)anthracene (aci[1m]) and aci-9-methy1-10-(nitromethyl)anthracene(aci[1h]) gave 9, 10-anthraquinone, and the salt of 9-methy1-10-(nitromethyl)phenanthrene (aci[1m]) gave 9, 10-phenanthrenequinone, respectively.
The results imply that an anion radical of aci[1] formed by one electron transfer may lead to free radicals, and the subsequent reactions of the free radicals to give final products, however, differ among the several series of aci[ 1]. Reaction mechanisms involving SRN and ER, processes have been proposed.

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Alkaline decomposition of dibenzyl disulfide [1] in a two-phase system consisting of 30% aq. NaOH, benzene, and a phase-transfer catalyst was examined. When treated with aqueo us sodium hydroxide at 50°C for 24 h under the phase-transfer conditions, [1] slowly decomposed to give mostly benzyl dithiobenzoata [2] in a low yield. While the reaction in the presence of benzyl chloride under the same conditions was accompanied by the disappearance of [1]in an hour and afforded dibenzyl sulfide [4], dithioacetal [5] and [2]. The yield of [2]decreased with increasing the quantity of benzyl chloride. By the reaction in the presence of the substituted benzyl chlorides, the corresponding unsymmetrical sulfides, unsymmetrical dithioacetals and [2] were produced. By a similar treatment in the presence of 4-chloronitrobenzene, [2]was produced in a higher yield than that in the case of benzyl chloride and the corresponding [5] was not formed.
A mechanism for the formation of [2] from Li J under the phase-transfer conditions is proposed to involve initial formation of hemithioacetal, subsequent reaction with [1] to give ce-benzylthio-dibenzyl disulfide, followed by its cleavage.

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The reaction of oxirane or ketone with carboxylic acid in the presence of triphenylphosphinecarbon tetrachloride was investigated. The product was cis-enol ester (2), and a small amount of acid anhydride was obtained as a by-product.
On the reaction of oxirane with carboxylic acid, the ester was obtained in a high yieldin a polar solvent such as acetonitrile. But on the reaction of ketone, the yield was not influenced by the polarity of solvent. The yield of esters increased remarkably by the use of excess carboxylic acid to oxirane, but it was not affected by the use of excess triphenylphosphinecarbon tetrachloride and by the acidity of carboxylic acid. Furthermore, the reaction of hardly-enolizable ketone with carboxylic acid did not give enol ester. It can be a6umed that these reactions proceed through a nucleophilic attack of oxirane or ketone to acyloxytriphen41-: phosphonium salt 4 produced from triphenylphosphine-carbon tetrachloride and carboxylic acid.

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Aromatic thioamide S-oxides, previously prepared by treating aromatic thioamides with hydrogen peroxide, reacted with a different kind of aromatic thioamides in strong acidic media to give a number of 1, 2, 4-dithiazolium salts, containing different substituents at 3- and 5positions. In order to clarify the behavior of 1, 2, 4-dithioazolium cations toward amino compounds, the reaction of 3, 5-diphenyl-1, 2, 4-dithiazolium perchlorate with o-substituted anilines, benzoylhydrazine, and benzamidine was carried out to afford the corresponding benzoheterazoles, 1, 2, 4-triazole and 1, 3, 5-triazine, respectively.

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The catalytic activities and the changes in activities of the molten zinc chloride supported on activated carbons were investigated for the hydrocracking of anthracene, Akabira coal extract, and petroleum vaccum distilled residual oils at temperatures from 350°C to 450°C under a hydrogen pressure of about 200 kg/cm' in the batch tests. The three kinds of the activated carbons used as a carrier resulted in high hydrocracking activities. The coconut CT activated carbon was the most activities. The coconut CT activated carbon was the most active and more effective than the silica-alumina tested previously (Table 3 and 4). The wt% ZnCl₂ -49 wt% CT molten salt catalyst also showed higher activities than both the carriers and the silica-alumina supported catalyst in the hydrocracking as well as hydrodesulfurization of the bituminous substances, which were effectively converted to the low boiling liquid fractions (Table 5). The catalytic activities did not decrease remarkably during the test reaction time (Table 6), but after the reaction the carrier had deposits with zinc and sulfur of high concentration or carbonaceous substances, causing a rapid decrease of the surface area. The molten salt catalyst supported on the CT activated carbon was concluded to be superior to the silica-alumina supported one, because the former was more active and might be more advantageous in the recovery and regeneration than the latter.

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Synthesis and physicochemical properties of 3-(4-alkylcyclohexylamino)-1-propanesulfonic acids (alkyl= from hexyl to dodecyl) [1], 3-(p-hexylanilino)-1-propanesulfonic acid L2J, 3-(dodecylamino)-1-propanesulfonic acid [3], and their sodium salts are described. Compounds [1], [2], and [3]were synthesized by the sulfopropylation of the corresponding amines with 1, 3-propanesultone (Tables 3 and 5). The alkylcyclohexylamines were made by the ring hydrogenation of the p-alkylanilines (Tables 2 and 4), which were obtained by two methods, that is, ( 1 ) nitration of octylbenzene, followed by reduction of p-nitrooctylbenzene and ( 2 ) ring alkylation of aniline with alcohols in the presence of anilinium chloride and anhydrous zinc chloride (Table 1).
Surface-active properties of co mpounds [1], [2], and [3] J were evaluated. The sodium salts of [1], [2], and [3] lowered the surface tension of water down to ca.35dyn/cm at CMC (Fig.1 and Table 7). Sodium 3-(4-decylcyclohexylamino)-1-propanesulfoate had the smallest CMC value (3.5 x 10-4 mol/l). Sodium 3-(4-decyl- and 4-dodecylcyclohexylamino)-1propanesulfonates showed good surface-active properties (dispersing, emulsifying, and solubizing power (Figs.2-5). Sodium 3-(4-octylcyclohexylamino)-1-propanesulfonate displayed good penetrating and foaming power (Tables 8 and 9).

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N, N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)alkyiamine oxides [1] (alkyl=n-C₈H₁₇, n-C₁₀H₂₁, n-C₁₂H₂₅, n-C₁₄H₂₉ and n-C₁₂H₃₃), N, N-dimethyldodecylamine oxide [2](abbreviated as C₁₂Me₂-AO in the text), and dodecylbis(2-hydroxyethyl)methylammonium bromide [3](abbreviated as C₁₂⋅(HOE)₂Me-ABr) were prepared (Table 3). Amine oxides [1] were hygroscopic, though not so much as [2], low melting, and weak bases having pKa values of 2.75-4.50 (Table 4).
Studies on the surface active properties in aqueous solution revealed that N, N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecylamine and -tetradecylamine oxides (abbreviated as C, 2-AO and CL, -AO, respectively)are good nonionic surfactants having CMC values of 4.0×10^-4 and 1.0×10^-3mol/l, respectively, and lower the surface tension down to ca.30 dynkm at the CMCs (Fig.2 and Table 5).
Compounds [1], [2] and [3] were also tested for the antimicrobial activity against a gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus, a gram-negative bacterium, Escherichia coli, and a fungus, Aspergillus oryzae. The results showed that amine oxides (2) have little effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (Table 7), whereas C₁₄-AO and quaternary ammonium salt [3] possess antifungal activity as high as pentachlorophenol (Table 8).

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The Ultrasonic relaxations of poly(methyl acrylate) solutions were measured at the frequency range of 1∼95 MHz, and in the temperature range of 0∼40°C. The solvents used were cyclohexanone, ethyl methyl ketone and chlorobenzene. These results were well expressed by a single relaxation equation in the frequency range examined.
The ultrasonic relaxation process of vinyl polymer sol utions can be interpreted in terms of the local mode, i. e. a non-cooperative localized rotational isomerism of a diad part of the backbone. The experimental results obtained were discussed on the basis of this two-state model. The thermodynamic parameters for a diad part were estimated from the temperature dependence of the ultrasonic relaxation phnomenon; the energy difference between the two states was ΔHo=1∼3 kcal/mol, and the activation energy was ΔH=3.9 kcal/mol. These values were in good agreement with conformational energies of the diad calculated by Flory et al. taking into account the skeletal bond rotations.

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Experimental studies were made on the relationship between elution characteristics of toxic heavy metals in a pellet and calcinations of the pellet which was made from inorganic residues discharged from the municipal wastes treatment system.
The elution test was performed in two steps: The calcined pellet was eluted with water at first, and then eluted with an acetic acid-ammonium acetate buffer solution with pH 4. The proportions of eluted components are listed in Table 2. Among toxic heavy metals only Cr was eluted with water, while Cd, Pb and Cr were eluted with pH 4 solution. The amounts of dissolved metals decreased rapidly when calcination temperature exceeds sintering temperature of the materials as shown in Fig.2. Elution characteristics of heavy metals are strongly influenced by calcination atmosphere which govern oxidation or reduction occuring inside the pellet during calcination.
From the pellet calcined under reducing atmosphere, Pb is easily eluted with the pH 4solution since Pb is reduced to metal which cannot diffuse easily into glass as a decorative ion. The decrease of the amount of eluted Cr⁶⁺is due to the reduction of Cr⁶⁺to low valency state which is almost insoluble in water.

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The helix-coil transition for copolymers of γ-methyl L-glutamate and either γ-dodecyl Lglutamate or γ-octadecyl L-glutamate in the mixture of chloroform-dichloroacetic acid was investigated by a measurement of optical rotary dispersion. The helix stability for copolymers containing alkyl groups in their side chain is lower than that for poly(γ-methyl L-glutamate)itself and becomes low with increasing the content of alkyl chain residues in copolymers. The alkyl, residues do not provide a better shield for the internally hydrogen-bonded a-helic al backbone. The infrared spectra of the copolymers indicate that they are in ex-helical conformation in the solid state.

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The disproportionation of nitrogen monoxide on MgHY-type zeolites with different degrees of ion exchange was carried out at 15°C by a pulsed microreactor. The catalytic activity remains low in the zeolites with the degrees of exchange lower than ca.55%, but increases markedly with a further increase in the degree of exchange. The result indicates that the active sites for the disproportionation of nitrogen monoxide are the magnesium ions located on Site II of the MgHY-type zeolites.

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In the reaction of acrylic compounds, such as methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile, with pyridine-bromine complex, crystalline products were obtained along with acrylic compoundbromine adducts. The crystalline compounds could not be obtained from acrylic compoundbromine adducts and pyridine. By ¹³C-NMR analysis, the crystalline products were identified severally as methyl 2-bromo-2-methyl-3-pyridiniopropionate bromide and 2-bromo-3-pyridiniopropionitrile bromide.

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Potentiometric titration in acetic anhydride has been carried out for eighteen flavones which have various substituents on the side-phenyl group ([2]∼[4]), or on the condensed benzene ring ([15]∼[18]), to determine their basicities from half-neutralization potentials (HNP). In both series of the flavones, there is an excellent linear relationship between the pKBH+ values and Brown-Okamoto's σ+ constants. High coplanarity of the side-phenyl group with the benzopyrylium ring system is concluded in the flavylium cation.

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Hydrogen transfer from dimethyl 3, 6-dihydrophthalate to p-benzoquinone was catalyzed by tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium ( 0 ) or ( p-benzoquinone)bis (triphenylphosphine) pall adium ( 0 ) [5]. Cyclic voltammograrris for free p-benzoquinone and its palladium complex [5] showed that the reduction potential for p-benzoquinone shifted toward the negativ e value by the coordination to palladium( 0 ). Thus the hydrogen transfer is concluded to proceed through the reaction of free p-benzoquinone with dimethyl 3, 6-dihydrophthalate activated by the complex [5].

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Methanol was oxidized potassium permanganate to formaldehyde which was then colorimetrically determined by chromotropic acid. As an addition of 1-aminoethanol or ethanol in the oxidizing reagent increased the sensitivity for the colorimetric determination of methanol, the effect of the addition of 1-aminoethanol on the oxidation behavior of methanol and formaldehyde in KMnO₄-H₂SO₄ solution was studied. The effect of the added aliphatic alcohols other than ethanol was also examined for the determination of methanol.
The results are as follows. ( 1 ) An addition of 1-aminoet hanol promoted 'oxidation not only of methanol but also formaldehyde. ( 2 ) The addition of normal primary alcohols such as 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol and 1-hexanol increased the sensitivity by about five times. ( 3 ) The addition of t-butyl alcohol and 2-pentanol interfered with the methanql, determination.

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Molybdenum powder and molybdenum trioxide were seperately treated with hydrogen peroxide. The products(abbreviated as Mo-y) were found by iodometry to contain active oxygen. Cyclohexanone oxime were converted quantitatively to the corresponding ketones by Mo-y under mild conditions (75°C, 40 h).

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Taching atmospheric residuum was hydrotreated over a CoO-Mo08-Al203 catalyst to effect 29% removal of nitrogen. The residuum showed the paraffin-rich property and was characterized by a low concentration of asphaltenes. Hydrotreatment resulted in an increase in the amount of asphaltenes and a four-fold increase in its nitrogen concentration (Table 1). Nitrogen type analyses of the feed revealed that more pyrroles and fewer pyridines were present than those in Khafji residuum. During hydrotreatment there was no marked difference inthe degree of removal between these two types of nitrogen compounds, while amide compounds were very facile to remove (Fig.1). t Behavior of Nitrogen Compounds during Hydrotreatment of Petroleum Residua. III.

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A novel procedure for the synthesis of [6] has been developed. The condensation of chloranil [1] with aniline in ethanol in the presence of sodium acetate gave 2, 5-dianilino-3, 6-dichloro-1, 4-benzoquinone [3a] in good yield. The reaction of [3a] with zinc 2-aminobenzenethiolate [4a-f] in DMF afforded 6, 13-triphenodithiazinequinone [6a-f] as blue to green powder. Compounds [6] showed high decomposition points as revealed by DTA. UV and visible absorption spectra of compounds [6] measured in H₂SO₄ revealed bathochromic shifts by the introduction of the substituents as compared with unsubstituted compound [6 a].

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