In recent years, we are studying on the seed-mediated growth method as a new strategy to attach and grow metal nanoparticles on conducting substrates, such as indium tin oxide (ITO). In this method, metal nanoparticles can be fixed via a simple two-step immersion of the substrate into two different solutions at room temperature. In the first step, the nano-seed particles are inferred to attach on the surfaces by just immersing the substrates into the metal colloid solution (the seed solution) via the physi-sorption. In the second step, gradual nanocrystal growth from the nano-seed particles attached on the substrate is considered to occur via the chemical reduction of metal ions in the solution containing surfactants (the growth solution). In this review, some details of our preparation methods of metal nanoparticle-attached ITO electrodes and successful electrochemical or other applications of thus fabricated materials are summarized.

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Adsorption of organic compounds on electrodes involves the competition between organic molecules and the water molecules near the electrodes. From the thermodynamic analysis of electrocapillary curves, it is impossible to obtain surface excess of water. Therefore, another methods are required to know about the water molecules near the electrodes. In this monograph at first the adsorption of water molecules on the electrodes by various methods are reviewed. Adsorption of carboxylic acids on mercury electrodes are reviewed as in the last review (Sawamoto, 2006). Carboxylic acids described here are linear mono-carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid and di-carboxylic acids such as oxalic acid, benzoic acid and related compounds.

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