It is a well known fact that sulphur has detrimental effects upon the properties of pig iron for casting and steel manufacture. The writers tried for years to eliminate or reduce the sulphur in molten pig by adding fluxes when it is running from a blast furnace or a cupola. In course of the experiments, following themes were discussed, 'relation between heat of reaction and desulphurization', 'fusibility of fluxes', 'hygroscopic property of fluxes', 'agitotion of molten pig', 'temperature of molten pig', 'atmospheric condition in which desulphurization takes place', 'relation between chemical compositions of pig iron and desulphurization', 'changes in chemical composition of pig during desulphurization', and 'ideal fluxes for desulphurization'.

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The author has been published on the effects of phosphorus as to the mechanical and physical properties of iron on this journal, Vol. XVIII, No. 4. This is the contuniation. of the previous investigation. It has been known that the magnetic properties of the iron is remarkably effected by small amount of impurities in it and the superior magnetic properties is obtained to eilminate the impurities as lower as possible in its manufacture.
The author incidently discovered, in an occasion of investigation of iron made by the process of hydrogen reduction, that the phosphorus in the iron improves the magnetic properties of iron-that is high permeability and low hysteresis loss.
In this research, the magnetic properties of phosphor iron, containing lower than 1% P was investigated. When the amount of phosphorus in the iron is about 0·7% the maximum permeability reached to 20, 000 and the hysteresis loss decreased to less than 1, 000 ergs. per sq. cm. per cycle; that is nearly correspond to three times in the maximum permeability and 60% in the hysteresis loss compared with the 3·5% silicon-steel in the market. When the phosphorus content is more than 0·5%, no ageing phenomena was obserbed. It was recognized that the proper annealing temperature exist by different phosphorus content to obtain best magnetic properties. In the investigation of the microscopic structure, the higher the phosphorus content in the iron the larger grain size was to be seen as in case of the silicon-steel, but it is not much remarkable when the phosphorus content reaches to more than 0·5%. When the annealing temperature is raised to the recrystalized range which is seen from the constitutional diagram of Fe-P, the deleterious effects on the magnetic properties was observed.

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From the abrasion test of various metals which are using as cylinder liner and piston packing ring of internal combustion engine in the lubricating oil at 200°C, the author has obtained following result:
1. The pair of nitrided steel and 0·5-0·6% C-steel is the best. 2. The pair of cast iron is not good, the loss of weight attains to 10-30 times of former case. 3. There is very few relation between the abrasion at room temperature and the temperature of the cylinder wall. 4. The temperature of the cylinder wall may be lower than 200°C and rather good lubricating condition.

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