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原稿種別: 表紙
1992 年 38 巻 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
1992 年 38 巻 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
1992 年 38 巻 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
1992 年 38 巻 p.
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原稿種別: 目次
1992 年 38 巻 p.
i-ii
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原稿種別: 目次
1992 年 38 巻 p.
iii-iv
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原稿種別: 付録等
1992 年 38 巻 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
1992 年 38 巻 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
1992 年 38 巻 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
1992 年 38 巻 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
1992 年 38 巻 p.
vii-viii
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原稿種別: 付録等
1992 年 38 巻 p.
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山里 一英
原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 38 巻 p.
2-
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前田 好美
原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 38 巻 p.
3-4
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Felix FRANKS
原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 38 巻 p.
5-16
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Freeze-drying has established itself as the favoured method for the stabilisation of labile biological products, especially in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. Its effective and economical application depends on the complex interplay of many different factors, governed by physical, chemical and engineering principles. it is shown how the product quality can be optimised by a consideration of formulation details, dimensions of the container and the process variables employed. In particular, the physical state of the product during and after the drying process is of crucial importance.
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吉田 和義, 檜枝 光太郎
原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 38 巻 p.
17-20
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精製DNAを乾燥処理すると,1本鎖切断が誘発された.特に,相対湿度53%付近の乾燥状態が最も主鎖切断を誘発しやすかった.また,主鎖切断を誘発する反応の中に酸素が関与するものがあることが示された.さらに,水和・脱水の過程で,主鎖切断につながるある種の不安定なDNA分子が生じ,これが中間的な相対湿度の下に長時間保持されると切断になるというモデルが示唆された.
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坂根 健, 横田 明
原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 38 巻 p.
21-26
発行日: 1992/10/20
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EDはA metamorphumの表層蛋白欠損変異株に対しても野生型株と同等の保護効果を示した.BSMて乾燥した細胞は界面活性剤に対する感受性か変化していた.またこの細胞を超音波処理すると多量のLPSか遊離した,一方,EDを添加して乾燥した細胞てはこれら外膜の損傷に起因すると考えられる変化が明らかに軽減されていた.EDによる保護効果は,EDと同時に約30倍濃度のNaClを添加すると消失した.これらの結果から,EDは細胞外膜と架橋的に結合して膜構造を安定化させ,脱水による外膜の傷害を防止しているものと考えられた.
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桑山 正成, 藤川 清三, 浜野 晴三
原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 38 巻 p.
27-32
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Three experiments were conducted to assess the viability of bovine blastocysts by vitrification procedures which were obtained by in vitro fertilization of oocytes matured in vitro. In experiment 1, the optimal concentrations of glycerol and 1, 2-propanediol as the basic medium (modified 199 supplemented with 20% calf serum) for producing vitrification were determined. When both glycerol and 1, 2-propanediol were present in the solution (> 45% v/v in total), vitrification of the solution was achieved. In experiment 2, blastocysts were equilibrated to the vitrification solution in step wise manners from one to 16 steps using exposure to gradually concentrated solutions. Then blastocysts were vitrified by plunging the straws containing them into liquid nitrogen, thawed and cultured. Higher survial rates were obtained for blastocysts equilibrated in 4, 8 and 16 steps (79%, 82% and 87%, respectively) than for those in 1 step (0%) and 2 steps(10%). Inexperiment 3, freeze-replica observations were carried out on blastocysts vitrified by the 16 step method. The freeze-replicas showed an absence of ice crystals throughout the cytoplasm, cavity of blastocyst and extracellular areas. In addition, little ultrastructure change in the plasma membrane of the blastocysts was observed. It was suggested that successful cryopreservation of blastocysts using the 16 step equilibration was established not only by the complete vitrification of whole specimens but also by minimization of the plasma membrane ultrastructural changes.
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藤川 清三, C.R. VALDEZ, 金川 浩司
原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 38 巻 p.
33-37
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Mouse blastocysts were exposed to a solution containing 20% ethyleneglycol, 20% dimethyl-sulfoxide and 10% 1,3-butanediol (called as VSv) or to a 65% sorbitol solution (called as SS) with or without prior equilibration with solution in half concentration of VSv (called as ESv) for 3 min at room temperature, they were maintained for different time periods to the VSv or SS at room temperature, and they were frozen by immersion into liquid nitrogen. 1) By immersion into LN_2, no ice crystals were produced both inside and outside of mouse blastocysts which were directly (or after equilibration with ESv for 3 min) exposed to VSv or SS for more than 30 sec. 2) The survival assay of embryos after freeze-thawing showed that: a) by direct (or after equilibration with ESv for 3 min) exposure to VSv, high survival (> 90%) was obtained by exposure for 30 sec or 1 min, but survival was gradually reduced by prolonged exposure causing complete injury by exposure for more than 5 min, and: b) by direct (or after equilibra tion with ESv for 3 min) exposure to SS, no survival was provided regardless of the exposure time. 3) The light microscope observation showed that: a) by direct (or after equilibration with ESv for 3 min) exposure to VSv, no distinct shrinkage of embryos was produced, and: b) by direct (or after equilibration with ESv for 3 min) exposure to SS, distinct shrinkage of embryos was produced. 4) The freeze-etching electron microscope observation showed that: a) by direct (or after equilibration with ESv for 3 min) exposure to VSv, only slight clustering of IMPs in the plasma membrance was produced by exposure for 30 sec or 1 min, distinct IMP clustering and vesiculation in the plasma membrane and slight coagulation of cytosol were produced by exposure for 3 min, and complete denaturation of cells was produced by exposure for more than 5 min., and: b) by direct (or after equilibration with ESv for 3 min) exposure to SS, no cellular ultrastructural changes were produced by exposure for at least 10 min. From these results, it was concluded that successful cryopreservation of mouse blastocysts by one step exposure to VSv for a short period resulted from the facts that blastocysts were prevented from severe dehydration due to quick permiation of VSv inside the cells, and in a short exposure time blastocysts were also prevented from chemical toxicity which producedultras tructural changes.
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渡辺 尚彦, 唐 村奇, 三堀 友雄
原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 38 巻 p.
38-41
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大豆タンパクゲル(豆腐)の凍結状態(-20〜-196℃)での圧縮破壊応力を測定した.温度低下とともに破壊応力は増大したが,ある温度以下では破壊応力は一定になった.飼料の凍結前の含水率が低いほど破壊応力は高くなった.凍結した大豆タンパクゲルを濃縮大豆タンパク水溶液と純氷とから成る複合材料であるとみなし,圧縮破壊応力を並列モデルで解析し得る可能性を示した.
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瀬川 紀美子, 薬師寺 千明, リヒター エカルド, 高橋 恒夫, 関口 定美
原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 38 巻 p.
42-47
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血小板の長期保存を目的として,血小板の凍結保存について検討を行った.凍結融解後の血小板は,回収率が約90%と高い値を示したが,機能は低浸透圧ショック回復率が凍結前の約50%,凝集能になると20〜40%と大きな低下がみられた.この低下の機序を調べるため,血小板膜糖蛋白質に関しフローサイトメトリー法による測定を行ったところ,凍結融解前後で血小板膜糖蛋白GPIbがシングルピークから,二峰性ピークへの変化がみられた.同様の変化が血小板に高浸透圧ストレスを加えた場合にみられ,1000〜1100mOsm/kgの間でフローサイトメトリー法における陽性ピークと陰性ピークの割合が逆転した.またGPIbの変化は,凍害保護液として血小板に添加したMe_2SO濃度による影響を受け,最終濃度が5〜15%の時にフローサイトメトリー法における陽性ピークの割合が高くなり,それは血小板機能とも高い相関がみられた.そしてこのGPIbの変化は,蛋白分解酵素によるグリコカリシンへの分解ではなく,膜よりの離脱と考えられた.
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菅原 康剛
原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 38 巻 p.
48-53
発行日: 1992/10/20
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単離後18〜22時間培養し,細胞壁を再生したゼニゴケプロトプラスト(再生細胞)は,単離直後のプロトプラストやプロトプラストを単離したカルス組織に比べ,高浸透圧溶液による脱水に高い耐性を示した.この再生細胞を再度,セルラーゼ活性を含む細胞壁分解酵素で処理して細胞壁を除くと耐性は低下した.しかし,この酵素処理を2.0M平衡塩溶液(BSS)中で行うと,細胞壁は除かれても耐性は失われずに維持された.この耐性の維持には,BSS中のCa^<++>が重要な働きをしていることが明らかになった.これらの結果から,完全な形の細胞壁そのものは必ずしも耐性には関係なく,細胞膜に存在し,通常の条件ではセルラーゼによって分解されるが,Ca-<++>の存在下では分解されない何らかの構造が耐性に関与していることが示唆された.
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高井 陸雄, 松田 真吾, 小嶋 秩夫, 鈴木 徹, 加賀 千文
原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 38 巻 p.
54-57
発行日: 1992/10/20
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コールドステージ上で,植氷操作により1〜6℃の過冷却度における氷結晶成長速度を調べた.この結果,純水から成長する氷結晶のデンドライトの成長速度は従来の結果とほぼ一致するものであった.グルコース,マルトース,スクロースの糖類を溶質とした場合,溶質濃度が低い場合には,氷結晶の成長速度は溶質濃度に依存するものの,0.1モル/l以上の濃度では急速に小さな成長速度を示した.しかし,NaCl,DMSOではその変化は糖類ほど大きくはない.
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菅野 等
原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 38 巻 p.
58-61
発行日: 1992/10/20
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Comparison of Raman spectra of aqueous sulfuric acid at room temperature and in the glassy state indicates that ionization of sulfuric acid proceeds almost completely at low temperatures. On the other hand, ionization of aqueous KOH solution decreases at low temperatures. It is inferred from these results that Lewis basicity of water increases with lowering temperature.
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百瀬 孝夫, 松尾 勝一, 山崎 茂, 横山 篤
原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 38 巻 p.
62-73
発行日: 1992/10/20
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Since the appearance of the paper concerning freeze-dried ground fish meat in the journal of Nissuishi (Y. Matsuda) in 1969, a number of reports have been published. These studies were performed aiming to manufacture fish meal with the properties of fresh meat by freeze-drying (FD) fish meat or frozen ground meat and to store it as a raw material for boiled fish paste for a longperiod. We searched a new application field of freeze-dried ground fish meat under joint researches since 1972. In this research process, however, we developed quite a new application as a "non-heating food binding agent" for the manufacture of copied herring roes by FD powdered ground meat. In addition, we have tried to improve the binding property. In this report, we focus on the binding ability of freeze-dried fish peptide (FDFip) as a New FD Material, and report the detailed examination of reproducibility of viscoelasticity, along with the effect of FD conditions on the reconstitution of physiological activities, effects of salt and other additives, and effects of pH and heating, when FDFip is added to foods.
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百瀬 孝夫, 山崎 茂, 熊井 清子
原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 38 巻 p.
74-82
発行日: 1992/10/20
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Freeze dried starch (FDSt) reported herein is one of the typical New FD Materials. Water was added to starch, boiled to be paste, and subjected to freeze-drying to obtain a new material "liquid adsorbent" with fine and porous micell structure. Properties displayed by FDSt are quite different from those of commercially available alpha starch made under atmospheric pressure through the same process of heating treatment. In the first report, it was shown that the liquid adsorption ability of FDSt is higher by several times than that of the original starch, and the evaporation and diffusion rates of adsorbed alcohol are slower than the original starch. As it has been found that the swelling rate test which is used as a simple method for the assessment of the degree of alpha rearrangement can not be used for FDSt, we report the details of the matter and the investigations we have studied concerning it.
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姚 愛如, 原島 好, 小林 正和
原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 38 巻 p.
83-89
発行日: 1992/10/20
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In a process of freeze-drying of liquid material by the use of vertical tubes, it is important that the solute concentration upon thawing of the frozen layer C_f should be equal to that of the non-frozen liquid removed away from the tubes C_I when desired amount of the frozen layer is formed. Phenomena taking place in the frozen layer formation with several aqueous solutions, mostly sucrose and dextrin, were analysed in this study. The influences of initial solute concentration C_o, freezing rate (cooling brine temperature T_h and percentage of the frozen layer to the amount of liquid poured into a tube β on C_f and C_1 have been studied experimentally. In each case for C_o=10, 20, and 30 wt % of sucrose, the difference between C_f and C_1 was observed only under slow freezing conditions, i.e. growth velocities of a couple of centimeters per hour or less (T_h≧-20℃). While for dextrin solutions, any concentration changes did not occur. Availability of "Multi-Stage Frozen Layer Formation" was confirmed in this study.
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原稿種別: 付録等
1992 年 38 巻 p.
90-93
発行日: 1992/10/20
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幸島 司郎
原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 38 巻 p.
95-98
発行日: 1992/10/20
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The glacier, a moving body of snow and ice, has long been believed to be an almost non-biological world, because of its cold and severe environment. However, previously unsuspected persistent biotic communities consisting of various cold tolerant animals and microorganisms were discovered on Himalayan glaciers. All these animals are specialized to the glacier environment and complete their life cycles there. Glaciers are never abiotic, but have various type of biotic communities comparable to other fresh water environments such as lakes and rivers. Glaciers are simple and relatively closed ecosystem with specialized biotic communities.
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神田 啓史
原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 38 巻 p.
99-103
発行日: 1992/10/20
公開日: 2017/08/01
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Aquatic mosses in Antarctic lakes were first recorded when Russian biologists carried out Antarctic studies in the International Geophysical Year (IGY), 1957-1958. Then some aquatic mosses were collected at a depth of over 30m in lakes. In Syowa Station area, two aquatic mosses Bryum pseudotriquetrum and Dicranella sp. were known, of which the latter moss with peculiar globose gemmae was found from lake beds at 3-5m depth in Skarvsnes region. Joining the 29th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-29, 1987-89) for a botanical study as one of the over-wintering members, the present investigator collected and determined the species of some aquatic mosses occurring on the lake beds near the Syowa Station area: i. e. Skarvsnes,Byvagasane, Breidvagnipa and Langhovde. Consequently, most specimens were a submerged form of Bryum pseudotriquetrum, but others included species of Dicranella sp. and submerged forms of Pottia heimii and Bryum amblyodon. The Dicranella sp. should be assigned to cosmopolitan species Leptobryum pyriforme on examination of cultural characters in this study. There are two theories to account for the origin of the Antarctic moss flora. One suggests that they are remnants of a preglacial climax vegetation, the other that they were carried to Antarctic by air current or sea birds from other continents. Since most terrestrial and aquatic mosses in the Syowa Station area are cosmopolitan species, the latter theory seems more reasonable.
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大野 哮司
原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 38 巻 p.
104-108
発行日: 1992/10/20
公開日: 2017/08/01
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大腸菌K-12株は7.5℃で急速に死滅する(低温感受性,Csg)が,同温度で増殖能を示す低温耐性(Cr墓)変異株,MET1およびMET2,を単離した。K-12株にPA3092株由来のtrpB遺伝子を導入したMET3株は,8-10℃の広い範囲で著しく死滅する低温超感受性(Css)を示した。この広範な死滅温度域でMET3株の細胞は糸状化を示した。これに対し,MET1由来のorg-1遺伝子を形質導入したMET6株は,7℃以上で正常に増殖し低温耐性の形質を示した。crg遺伝子は,接合と形質導入実験により,大揚菌染色体の27.5分に位置するtdk遺伝子の極く近傍に存在する.Css形質に関わる遺伝子は,crgそのものか,あるいは極く近傍に存在すると推定された.野性株染色体から,MET3のCss形質を相補するDNA断片をクローン化した.相補能を示すDNAは,チミジンキナーゼと推定された遺伝子に隣接し,ピストン様蛋白質H-NSをコードすることが判明した.多面的な遺伝子発現制御におけるH-NS遺伝子の働きについて考察した.
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金子 順一
原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 38 巻 p.
109-116
発行日: 1992/10/20
公開日: 2017/08/01
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As the insects are poikilothermic, body temperature fluctuates with ambient temperature and there is a possibility of freezing during overwintering. Against freezing, insects are devided into two groups; Freeze tolerant species which tolerate extracellular freezing and freeze-intolerant species which indicates freeze-avoidance. With the exception of the freeze-tolerant species with very high degree of supercooling the main difference between the two strategies (freeze-tolerance and freeze-intolerance) is the winter loss or masking of nucleators on freeze-intolerant species, and synthesis or unmasking of nucleating agents in freeze-tolerant species. Ice nucleation active bacteria (INAB), Erwinia herbicola were found in diamond-back moth (Plutella xylostella) pupae. The bacteria may be the origin of ice nucleation activity in the pupae. Because INAB exist on the leaves of many plant species and are distributed all over the world, it is highly possible that phytophagous insects take INAB on feeding and this may cause a death on hibernating.
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窪川 かおる
原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 38 巻 p.
117-121
発行日: 1992/10/20
公開日: 2017/08/01
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Effects of temperature on the kinetic and equilibrium parameters of the binding reaction of a gonadotropic hormone (follicle stimulating hormone, FSH) to its receptor in both homeothermic and poikilothermic vertebrates were studied, since we found that FSH could bind to its receptors at low temperatures in poikilotherms but not in homeotherms. The association rate constant in poikilotherms was significantly less affected by temperature than in homeotherms. The equilibrium constant of association was high at around 37℃ and decreased by lowering the temperature. That of amphibians was maximum between 15 and 25℃ and decreased as a whole at higher temperature. The affinity in a turtle did not vary significantly in the temperature range between 0 and 40℃. These optimal temperatures coincided well with the temperatures at which gonadotropin acts on the gonad in each species under the natural condition.
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近藤 宣昭
原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 38 巻 p.
122-127
発行日: 1992/10/20
公開日: 2017/08/01
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Our hibernation studies on mammals started from the physiological finding that Ca ion regulatory system of cardiac muscles from chipmunks, a mammalian hibernator, was markedly changed for preparation for hibernation. From this evidence, the existence of an endogenous factor related to hibernation was assumed and four types of protein specific for hibernation were identified in the blood of chipmunks. These proteins (HP-20, 25, 27 and 55) were markedly reduced from the blood before, and during hibernation. HP-20, 25 and 27 are homologous and a novel type of protein, while HP-55 is similar to α_1-antitrypsin. These novel proteins were detected only in hibernating species in the squirrel family. In the present paper, our recent studies on the heart function and the blood proteins specific for hibernation were reviewed.
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吉田 静夫
原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 38 巻 p.
128-135
発行日: 1992/10/20
公開日: 2017/08/01
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Many plant species indigenous to tropical and subtropical low lands are sensitive to chilling environment. Protracted exposure to low temperatures ranged above zero to 12℃ leads eventually cell death, although the cell injury is reversible at the initial stage. In mung bean seedlings, vacuolar membranes are found to be the most sensitive cellular site for chilling temperature. Dysfunction of the vacuolr proton pumps under low temperature due to the strong temperaturedependency of the enzymes and the time-dependent inactivation of the H^+-ATPase appears to cause the leakage of protons from vacuoles and leads an acidosis of the cytoplasms in the initial stage of chilling treatment, which is considered to be a determinant of cell injury.
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原稿種別: 付録等
1992 年 38 巻 p.
136-138
発行日: 1992/10/20
公開日: 2017/08/01
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原稿種別: 文献目録等
1992 年 38 巻 p.
139-141
発行日: 1992/10/20
公開日: 2017/08/01
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原稿種別: 文献目録等
1992 年 38 巻 p.
142-169
発行日: 1992/10/20
公開日: 2017/08/01
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原稿種別: 付録等
1992 年 38 巻 p.
170-
発行日: 1992/10/20
公開日: 2017/08/01
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原稿種別: 付録等
1992 年 38 巻 p.
171-172
発行日: 1992/10/20
公開日: 2017/08/01
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原稿種別: 付録等
1992 年 38 巻 p.
173-174
発行日: 1992/10/20
公開日: 2017/08/01
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原稿種別: 付録等
1992 年 38 巻 p.
175-176
発行日: 1992/10/20
公開日: 2017/08/01
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原稿種別: 付録等
1992 年 38 巻 p.
177-178
発行日: 1992/10/20
公開日: 2017/08/01
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原稿種別: 付録等
1992 年 38 巻 p.
179-180
発行日: 1992/10/20
公開日: 2017/08/01
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原稿種別: 付録等
1992 年 38 巻 p.
181-182
発行日: 1992/10/20
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原稿種別: 付録等
1992 年 38 巻 p.
183-
発行日: 1992/10/20
公開日: 2017/08/01
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山里 一英
原稿種別: 本文
1992 年 38 巻 p.
198-
発行日: 1992/10/20
公開日: 2017/08/01
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原稿種別: 付録等
1992 年 38 巻 p.
199-
発行日: 1992/10/20
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原稿種別: 付録等
1992 年 38 巻 p.
App4-
発行日: 1992/10/20
公開日: 2017/08/01
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