All issues
Volume 29 (1984)
- Issue 4 Pages 255-
- Issue 3 Pages 179-
- Issue 2 Pages 95-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
- Issue Suppl Pages 1-
Volume 29, Issue 2
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Hisao KOBAYASHI1984 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 95-109
Published: September 27, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2230K) -
Keiichi NAKAMURA1984 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 110-115
Published: September 27, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of tetrapion (sodium 2, 2, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropionate, TFP) on the growth and organ formation of callus derived from rice seedlings was examined in order to study the plant growth inhibition mechanism of this herbicide.
Although a concentration of about 2mg/l resulted in 50% growth inhibition in rice seedlings, only slight growth inhibition was observed in rice callus even at the high concentration of 1, 000mg/l. The initiation of bud differentiation was slightly inhibited by tetrapion but inhibition of development from differentiated buds to plantlets was quite remarkable.
These results suggest that basal metabolisms required for life itself, growth, and the reproduction of cells are not inhibited by treatment with this herbicide, and its inhibition target is in the morphogenetic process, including the skeleton structure construction in the tissue and organs.View full abstractDownload PDF (673K) -
Kozo ISHIZUKA, Hiroshi MATSUMOTO, Yoshiki KAKUMOTO1984 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 116-122
Published: September 27, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRice cultivars differ widely in their susceptibility to an herbicide simetryn [2, 4-bis (ethylamino)-6-methylthio-1, 3, 5-triazinel]. Japonica-type cultivars are tolerant and many indica-type and their hybrid are relatively susceptible. However, it was observed in growth chambers that high temperature caused severe phytotoxicity of simetryn even to the tolerant type.
In order to clarify the physiological responses of rice cultivars under different temperature conditions, cultivars Nihonbare and Bluebell (japonica-type), IR-8 and CH-45 (indica-type) and Yushin and Tongil (hybrids) were used, and their absorption and translocation of 14C-simetryn was surveyed. Under both high and low temperature conditions, cultivars Nihonbare and Bluebell absorbed the substance at a higher rate. Although high temperature accelerated absorption in all cultivars, no difference in the rate of increase with increasing temperature was observed among them. Enhancement of translocation in Nihonbare and Bluebell was remarkable for the first several hours after treatment. Greater concentration of 14C was detected in shoots of these two cultivars under both temperature conditions, and their enhanced 14C accumulation with increasing temperature was also remarkable.
The increase of phytotoxicity in tolerant cultivars was believed to be related to both increased rates of absorption and translocation. It was concluded that the physiological response of each cultivar to temperature variation differed and that cultivars Nihonbare and Bluebell were most sensitive to it among those tested.View full abstractDownload PDF (768K) -
Takayuki MAKUCHI, Hiroshi SAKAI1984 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 123-130
Published: September 27, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe seedling survival and flowering of R. obtusifolius in pasture, meadow, forest edge and bare ground sites were surveyed and discussed in relation to the environments of the surveyed sites.
The results are as follows:
1. The number of plants surviving in the forest edge site decreased most slowly. The number in the bare ground site declined drastically in winter and gradually from spring to autumn, while the number in the pasture and meadow sites declined at a relatively constant rate (Fig. 3).
2. The higher the rate of bare ground area, the higher was the mortality in winter. Death in winter was due to the dessication of roots by frost heaving (Table 3, Fig. 4).
3. The flowering rate was highest in the bare ground site and lowest in the forest edge site. Relative light intensity seemed to have a positive effect on the rate (Tables 2 and 5).
4. The habitats suitable for individual survival were not always favourable to reproduction, and it was suggested that the population size of this weed might be regulated by this balance (Table 5, Fig. 3).View full abstractDownload PDF (936K) -
III. Formation and development of new shootsKazuo CHIBA, Choji KAWASHIMA, Tetsuya HIRANO1984 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 131-137
Published: September 27, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present investigations were undertaken to study the formation and development of new shoots of the paddy perennial weed Scirpus planiculmis FR. SCHM. (“Ko-ukiyagara” in Japanese).
The results are as follows:
1. It was observed that in a paddy field S. planiculmis developed with in a year until the sixth to the seventh shoot and the distance from the original shoot to the terminal one exceeded one meter (Fig. 1).
2. The axillary buds which were formed at the base of the shoot developed into new shoots. The most basal axillary bud was formed generally on the fifth or the sixth node of the stem and began to grow rapidly when three to five foliage leaves emerged (Table 1 and Fig. 3).
3. The rhizome grew horizontally in soil in the early stage of development, subsequently the terminal part formed an aerial shoot, and after the third leaf emerged cutting off of a rhizome did not affect the shoot survival (Fig. 4 and 6).
4. Length of each rhizome was not related to the number of internodes but to the difference in the degree of internode elongation (Table 5).
5. Approximately one to three rhizomes developed from one shoot and there were fewer rhizomes on shoots developed later (Table 6).
6. It was assumed that the rhizome of S. planiculmis grew horizontally only temporarily in the first stage of its development under the effect of apical dominance (Fig. 7).View full abstractDownload PDF (6023K) -
Kaoru ASHIDA, Mamoru SUGINO1984 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 138-146
Published: September 27, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA comparative morphological study was conducted on the stomatal apparatus in the leaf blades of 52 species of Gramineous weeds collected in the Kyoto-Osaka area (Table 1) and the following results were obtained.
1. The shape of the auxiliary cells was ellipsoid in most of the weed species except for Imperata cylindrica var. koengii and other species with a dumb-bell shape (Fig. 1 and 2).
2. Increase in the size of the stomatal apparatus with increasing polyploidy was observed in three species of the genus Setaria and some species of Alopeculus and Festuca (Table 2).
3. The size of the stomatal apparatus was negatively correlated with the density of the stomata in the leaf blades of the weeds (γ=-0.52) (Table 2, Fig. 3).
4. Most of the C3 plants had a larger number of stomata in the upper leaf epidermis than in the lower one. The density of the stomata in the leaf epidermis of the C4 plants was significantly higher than that of the C3 plants (Fig. 4).View full abstractDownload PDF (3303K) -
I. Nitrogen Absorption in Mixed PlantingNobuyuki KABAKI, Hiroshi NAKAMURA1984 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 147-152
Published: September 27, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe competition for growth and nitrogen absorption of paddy weeds (Echinochloa crus-galli, Monochoria vaginalis, Cyperus difformis Cyperus serotinus, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Sagittaria trifolia, Alisma canaliculatum, Scirpus juncoides, Scirpus wallichii) was studied in mixed planting. The results obtained were as follows:
1) Echinochloa crus-galli, Cyperus serotinus and Monochoria vaginalis had a large capacity to absorb nitrogen fertilizer and overgrew the other weeds. Nitrogen utilization efficiency defined by the relationship between nitrogen absorption and dry weight increase varied with the weed species and three groups of weeds could be identified. The first group was composed of Echinochloa crus-galli and Cyperus serotinus, both C4 plants, with a high efficiency in nitrogen utilization. Sagittaria trifolia and Alisma canaliculatum formed the third group with a low efficiency. The second group was composed of the remaining weeds which showed an intermediate efficiency between that of the first and the third groups.
2) Growth inhibition of rice caused by weeds varies with the fertilizer level and weed species. Monochoria vaginalis was a noxious weeds to rice at a low fertilizer level. Echinochloa crus-galli and Cyperus serotinus grew vigorously at a high fertilizer level, reflecting their high efficiency in nitrogen utilization. Cyperus difformis and Scirpus wallichii showed poor growth at a high fertilizer level and were affected by shading from rice. The ratio of weed weight to total community weight was found to be a suitable index for the evaluation of interspecific competition between rice and weeds, since the variations caused by the difference in fertilizer levels could be disregarded.View full abstractDownload PDF (732K) -
II. Growing Process and Response to Light and TemperatureNobuyuki KABAKI, Hiroshi NAKAMURA1984 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 153-158
Published: September 27, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe growing process and response to light and temperature of rice and paddy weeds (Echinochloa crus-galli, Monochoria vaginalis, Cyperus difformis, Cyperus serotinus, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Sagittaria trifolia, Alisma canaliculatum, Scirpus juncoides) were investigated. The results obtained were as follows:
1) Cyperus serotinus, Echinochloa crus-galli and Sagittaria trifolia showed the most rapid initial growth followed by the remaining weeds. In Cyperus serotinus, both the dry weight and nitrogen absorption were higher than in the other species. Dry weight values decreased in the order of Eleocharis kuroguwai, rice (transplanted), Echinochloa crus-galli, rice (direct seeding), Sagittaria trifolia and nitrogen absorption values in the order of Sagittaria trifolia, rice (transplanted), Eleocharis kuroguwai, Echinochloa crus-galli, rice (direct seeding). The dry weight and nitrogen absorption of Cyperus difformis, Monochoria vaginalis and Scirpus juncoides were far below those of the other species listed above.
2) The response to shading varied with the weed species. Sagittaria trifolia and Eleocharis kuroguwai were comparatively tolerant, while in Cyperus difformis and Scirpus juncoides the dry weight was remarkably decreased by shading.
Depression of the growth of weeds by low temperature varied with the species. Cyperus serotinus, Sagittaria trifolia and Alisma canaliculatum grew vigorously at a low temperature, compared with Monochoria vaginalis, Eleocharis kuroguwai and Cyperus difformis.
Rice showed comparatively poor growth under low temperature and shading.View full abstractDownload PDF (635K) -
Hiroshi MATSUMOTO, Kozo ISHIZUKA1984 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 159-164
Published: September 27, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of temperature variation on the metabolic activity of simetryn [2, 4-bis (ethylamino)-6-methylthio-1, 3, 5-triazine] in rice cultivars Nihonbare (japonica-type, tolerant) and IR-8 (indica-type, susceptible) was investigated.
Although the cultivar Nihonbare metabolized simetryn effectively to water-soluble and methanol-insoluble compounds, little difference was observed in the percentage of metabolic products between plants treated at a high temperature (32°C day and 27°C night) and at a low temperature (25°C day and 20°C night).
The metabolic activity of cultivar IR-8 was much inferior to that of cultivar Nihonbare. There was also little difference in the percentage of metabolites in cultivar IR-8 between high and low temperature treatments.
Temperature variation had little effect on the metabolic activity of the cultivars. It was concluded that the increased phytotoxicity of simetryn when the temperature was raised was the result of the increased absorption and translocation of the herbicide.View full abstractDownload PDF (683K) -
Hisao KOBAYASHI, Toru TOMINAGA, Soichi NAKAYAMA, Hiroshi MATSUMOTO, Ka ...1984 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 165-174
Published: September 27, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1639K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|