All issues
Volume 40 (1995 - 199･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 245-
- Issue 3 Pages 157-
- Issue 2 Pages 69-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
- Issue SupplI Pages 2-
Volume 40, Issue 4
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Ja Ock Guh, Eun Kyong Lee, Yong In Kuk, Ro Dong Park1996 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 245-251
Published: February 09, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mode of action and selectivity of oxyfluorfen (2-chloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl-3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenyl ether) was studied in tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) and susceptible barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.). Herbicidal activity of foliarapplied oxyfluorfen was light dependent in both species, but little activity was shown even in light when applied to root. In rice 24hrs after application, 14C recovered in water and chloroform washes of the treated leaf was 10 and 13% in light, and 24 and 27% in dark, respectively, while in barnyardgrass 4 and 6% in light and 10 and 13% in dark, respectively. After water and chloroform washes, 14C present in the treated leaf of rice was 77 in light and 49% in dark, and that in barnyardgrass was 90 in light and 77% in dark. The major portion (63 and 64% in rice and in barnyardgrass, respectively) of the foliar applied 14C-oxyfluorfen was intracellularly distributed in microsomal fraction, and the next portion (22 and 21%, respectively) in chloroplast fraction. Translocation of 14C-oxyfluorfen from foliage or root application was very limited at the range of 0.04 to 3.43% in both species. Translocation of the compound from root application was accelerated in the light, while that from foliage application was inhibited in both species. TLC analysis showed that 24hrs after application, almost all of the applied 14C-oxyfluorfen remained as unaltered in both species.View full abstractDownload PDF (720K) -
Ryuichi Sago1996 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 252-261
Published: February 09, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (990K) -
Kazuo Jikihara, Hideshi Mukaida, Toshishiro Maruyama, Nobumasa Ichizen ...1996 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 262-270
Published: February 09, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe diffusion and efficacy of a flowable formulation of a pyributicarb/bromobutide/benzofenap mixture (TSM-612 flowable), applied with a uniform pouring method, center line pouring method, multiple border pouring or a single border pouring method were evaluated in a paddy field at Ami, Ibaraki, Japan in 1990. The uniform pouring method provided a uniform herbicide layer and excellent control against Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing., Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) Presl var. plantaginea (Roxb.) Solms-Laub. and Scirpus juncoides Roxb. subsp. juncoides Roxb. in the whole paddy area. With the methods of center line pouring, multiple border pouring and single border pouring, diffusion of each active ingredient of pyributicarb/bromobutide/benzofenap was detected within 10m from the application point and excellent control of E. oryzicola, M. vaginalis var. plantaginea and S. juncoides subsp. juncoides was obtained. It seems that pouring application of TSM-612 flowable from both levees would be applicable for paddies less than 20m wide.
The influence of soil type and water depth on the diffusion of TSM-612 flowable were also examined under 16m2 (4m×4m) micro paddy conditions. No difference in the diffusion of each active ingredient between Ami (OM; 6.29%, Clay; 26.72%) and Aichi (OM; 1.36%, Clay; 16.35%) soil was confirmed at 24 hours after application. The diffusion velocity of each active ingredient was confirmed to be much faster under 6cm than under 1.5m water depth conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (797K) -
Reiichi Miura, Hisao Kobayashi, Tokuichi Kusanagi1996 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 271-278
Published: February 09, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn annual weed of cultivated land, Stellaria media (L.) Vill., emerges just after tillage from spring to autumn, while its ruderal relative, S. neglecta, emerges only in autumn. Germination tests were carried out to identify the proximate factors determining these emergence patterns. Seeds of S. media lost dormancy slowly on the ground surface but quickly when buried in soil. Its buried seeds were then light-sensitive and could germinate under a wide range of temperature from 5 to 25°C. In S. neglecta, dormancy break was not dependent on burial, but was enhanced by high temperatures (20-30°C). Subsequently, germination was enhanced by lower temperature (10-20°C). These results were consistent with the field emergence patterns of the respective species.View full abstractDownload PDF (835K) -
Matsuo Itoh, Hisao Kobayashi, Kunikazu Ueki1996 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 279-286
Published: February 09, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVariation in morphology and energy allocation pattern to propagule output was analyzed in six Poa annua L. populations from paddy fields, upland fields and pathways in two locations to determine the adaptive strategies of the species to their habitats.
There was great variation among populations in seed number per plant and reproductive allocation (RA) or plant biomass. The number of seeds in all three populations from one of two locations increased in response to RA. Seed numbers of the paddy and upland field populations from the other location were independent of both RA and plant biomass. The remaining pathway population increased the seed number in response to both RA and plant biomass.
Paddy field plants headed slowly with a large number of leaves on the main stem. They produced large and heavy seeds and large plant biomass, causing rather low RA. In contrast, individuals from upland fields flowered quickly with a small number of leaves, putting out small and light seeds from their small plant biomass, which resulted in relatively high RA. Pathway plants showed intermediate characteristics between paddy field and upland field plants. The reproductive traits of upland field populations seem adaptive to the irregular ploughing in upland fields, and paddy field populations appear to be adaptive to the competition from other weeds or crops.View full abstractDownload PDF (850K) -
Yasuhiro Yogo, Do-Jin Lee, Katsuichiro Kobayashi, Hirosi Sugiyama1996 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 287-292
Published: February 09, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn emulsifiable concentrate of thiobencarb, S-(4-chlorobenzyl) diethylthiocarbamate (active ingredient: 50%, Saturn®), was applied at 15kg a. i./ha to an upland field just after sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) sowing. Thiobencarb concentration in soil solution and centrifuged soil began to decrease 7 days after application (DAA) in 0-5cm from the soil surface. The ratio of thiobencarb concentration between the soil solution and the centrifuged soil was about 2% at 0DAA and decreased to ca. 0.4% at 11DAA. Sorghum growth was suppressed within 2 weeks in the field. In the laboratory, sorghum sensitivity to thiobencarb was closely related to the initial concentration in the soil solution of 0-1cm from the soil surface, in which most thiobencarb was distributed. Consequently, it was supposed that herbicidal activity of soil-applied thiobencarb on sorghum was largely dominated by the initial concentration in soil solution in the soil surface under an upland field condition.View full abstractDownload PDF (611K) -
Kangetsu Hirase, Daisuke Kishi, Masahiro Sakakibara, Makoto Nishida, K ...1996 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 293-298
Published: February 09, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe herbicidal activity of 4-ethyl-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(3-isopropylphenyl) pyrrolidin-2-one (MT-146), was examined in a greenhouse for use as a paddy herbicide. MT-146 showed a remarkable herbicidal activity against Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. var. formosensis Ohwi, Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) Presl var. plantaginea (Roxb.) Solms-Laub., Alisma canaliculatum A. Br. et Bouche, Ammannia multiflora Roxb. and Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne var. uliginosa (Miq.) Koehne at the dosage of less than 100g a. i./ha by pre-emergence application under flooded conditions; its efficacy against Scirpus juncoides Roxb. subsp. juncoides Roxb., however, was slightly lower. The compound showed no efficacy against Sagittaria pygmaea Miq. at the dosage of 10, 000g a. i./ha. The herbicidal efficacy of this compound against E. crus-galli was higher in deep water than in shallow, and was greatly affected by the leaf stage of the plant. The dosage showing 90% growth inhibition was 30-40g a. i./ha when the compound was applied at pre-emergence and 0.5 leaf stage, and it was 180g, 420g and 4, 300g a. i./ha at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 leaf stage, respectively.
MT-146 did not affect the growth of transplanted rice plants at the 2.5 leaf stage at the dosage of 200-400g a. i./ha when the transplanting depth of the rice seedlings was 0-2.5cm. Even if the roots of the seedlings were settled on the soil surface, no growth inhibition of the plants was observed. Nor did the herbicide inhibit the growth of rice plants at the dosage of 200-400g when water depth was 1-6cm.
MT-146 inhibited the chlorophyll formation of the seedlings of E. crus-galli at the concentration of 100ppb under light/dark conditions. The herbicide also inhibited the carotenoid formation at the concentration of 100ppb under both light/dark and continuous dark conditions. The carotenoid decrease may be related to the mode of action of MT-146.View full abstractDownload PDF (599K) -
Shinichi Shirakura, Kenji Ito, Aldos C. Barefoot, Hiroyasu Aizawa, Koz ...1996 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 299-307
Published: February 09, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAzimsulfuron (DPX-A8947) is a new selective sulfonylurea herbicide used in rice for control of annual and perennial broadleaf weeds and sedges. We investigated the mechanism of selectivity by comparing the behavior of this herbicide in rice with that of the sensitive weed, flat sedge (Cyperus serotinus) using 14C-azimsulfuron. Azimsulfuron afforded high selectivity between rice and C. serotinus in the growth response studies by a hydroponic solution method. Studies of absorption and translocation indicated that the differential sensitivities of rice and C. serotinus to azimsulfuron are not due to its differential absorption and translocation from their subterranean parts. In metabolism studies, rice metabolized azimsulfuron very rapidly in its shoots and roots, while C. serotinus metabolized it very slowly in its shoots, roots and tubers. The metabolism of azimsulfuron in rice within 24 hours involved mostly O-demethylation of pyrimidine ring. The metabolite formed by O-demethylation, metabolite 1, was herbicidally much less active on rice and weeds tested. The results obtained suggest that the selectivity of azimsulfuron between rice and C. serotinus mainly results from the rapid O-demethylation in rice.View full abstractDownload PDF (926K) -
1996 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 310-314
Published: February 09, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (264K) -
Akira Koarai, Akihide Fushimi, Hiroshi Tsuyuzaki, Yasuhiro Yogo1996 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 316-320
Published: February 09, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (647K) -
1996 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 322
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (45K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|