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Volume 38 (1993)
- Issue 4 Pages 253-
- Issue 3 Pages 159-
- Issue 2 Pages 69-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
- Issue SupplI Pages 2-
Volume 38, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Masaru Ogasawara, Katsuhiro Takahashi, Koichi Yoneyama, Yasutomo Takeu ...1993 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 253-258
Published: December 22, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPromotive effects of four rice herbicides with different modes of action, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, chlomethoxynil, pretilachlor and benzofenap, on the sprouting of lateral buds in Cyperus serotinus Rottb. tubers were examined.Although chlomethoxynil and benzofenap showed no effect, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and pretilachlor increased the number of sprouting lateral buds. Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl was more effective than pretilachlor, and almost all of the lateral buds sprouted after treatment with this herbicide at 2g/10a. Furthermore, all of the other acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicides tested including bensulfuron-methyl, flazasulfuron and imazaquin also induced sprouting of lateral buds in C. serotinus tubers. The effect of bensulfuron-methyl was not eliminated by subsequently applied branched-chain amino acids, leucine, isoleucine or valine at 1 to 100ppm. These ALS inhibiting herbicides thus induce lateral bud sprouting and/or appear to eliminate apical dominance in C. serotinus tubers. Such an inductive effect on lateral bud sprouting may therefore be based on some interaction(s) between the herbicide and the plant hormones, presumably cytokinins, rather than on the depletion of branched-chain amino acids.View full abstractDownload PDF (744K) -
Kobkiat Sengnil, Kenji Usui, Kozo Ishizuka1993 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 259-266
Published: December 22, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of bensulfuron methyl (BSM) on amino acid and protein content were compared in normal and 10-5M BSM tolerant rice cells. Culture in the presence of BSM led to a dramatic decrease in the level of branched-chain amino acids to 25-49% of untreated in normal rice cells over 48hr, while they increased in BSM-tolerant cells. The other amino acids in exposed normal cells increased substantially, but those amino acids in tolerant cells changed relatively little. The inhibition of protein biosynthesis by BSM appeared to cause a decreased level of protein content in normal cells, while almost no effect in tolerant cells. The feedback inhibition by one or more of the end-products, valine, leucine and isoleucine, of acetolactate synthase (ALS) from normal and tolerant cells was also investigated. The activity of extractable enzyme from both cell types was feedback inhibited by the three amino acids Val+Leu, Val, Leu, Ile: 39, 41, 45, 58% of control at 5mM, but the enzyme of tolerant cells had less feedback sensitivity: 49, 55, 57, 80%, respectively. Based on these findings, a high level of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis by the BSM-insensitively modified ALS and less sensitivity of the enzyme to branched-chain amino acids may provide protection against BSM in the tolerant cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (961K) -
Herbicidal Activity of Aryl Carbamate Derivatives. Part I.Hideo Morinaka, Mitsuyuki Murakami, Yuji Nonaka, Akira Nakanishi, Kenj ...1993 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 267-274
Published: December 22, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHerbicidal and phytotoxic activities of fifty-three 2-naphthyl carbamates against barnyardgrass (Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) were evaluated under paddy field conditions to clarify the relationships between chemical structure and the activity.
Points clarified for the most suitable structure on herbicidal activity against barnyardgrass were as follows:
1) N-Alkyl-N-phenyl was preferable for amino moiety in carbamate skeleton of 2-naphthyl carbamates.
2) Among four types of carbamates of 2-naphthyl N-methyl-N-phenyl derivatives, thionotype thiocarbamates (O-2-naphthyl derivatives) showed the highest activity, and the next active was carbamates. Thiol-type thiocarbamates (S-2-naphthyl derivatives) and dithiocarbamates exhibited no activity.
3) Of the N-alkyl group in O-2-naphthyl N-alkyl-N-phenylthiocarbamates, only methyl group showed the activity.
4) With regard to substituents on the N-phenyl ring in O-2-naphthyl N-methyl-N-phenylthiocarbamates, there was a tendency that the activities of N-(meta-substituted phenyl) derivatives were higher than those of ortho- or para-substituents. For substituents on N-phenyl ring, hydrogen atom (=unsubstituted), methoxy and fluorine atom showed high activity.
5) When N-(2-pyridyl) group was introduced into O-2-naphthyl thiocarbamates, the activities of most compounds were weak and lower than those of corresponding N-phenyl derivatives. But O-2-naphthyl N-(6-methoxy-2-pyridyl)-N-methylthiocarbamate exhibited much higher activity than corresponding N-(3-methoxy-phenyl) thiocarbamate.
6) The activities of four types of carbamates having N-(6-methoxy-2-pyridyl)-N-methyl group were also examined. Thiono-type thiocarbamate showed the highest activity in a similar manner as N-phenyl derivatives.
Among the tested carbamates, O-2-naphthyl N-(6-methoxy-2-pyridyl)-N-methylthiocarbamate showed the highest activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (866K) -
Hideo Morinaka, Mitsuyuki Murakami, Hiromi Takesada, Yukinobu Azuchi, ...1993 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 275-281
Published: December 22, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in the concentrations of active ingredients of a flowable (TSM-612), a new type of directly-applicable formulation of paddy field herbicide, and conventional granules (TSM-344H) consisting of a combination of pyributicarb, bromobutide and benzofenap in the water of paddy fields were investigated.
In the case of TSM-344H granules, the concentrations of the three active ingredients increased slowly during the day of application, and the concentrations of pyributicarb and benzofenap were slightly higher than the level of water solubility. On the day following the application, the concentrations of all the active ingredients decreased below the level of water solubility, and thereafter, the concentrations decreased gradually with the lapse of time.
On the other hand, in the case of the TSM-612 flowable, the concentrations of all the active ingredients were higher than those of the TSM-344H granules immediately after the application, and were maximum within 6 hours after the application. Moreover, the maximum concentrations of pyributicarb and benzofenap were much higher than the level of water solubility. Concentrations of the three active ingredients, however, decreased rapidly until the second day after the application, and then, gradually as in the case of the granules.
The difference in the concentrations of the active ingredients between the TSM-612 flowable and TSM-344H granules on the day of application may account for the fact that the directly-applicable flowable showed higher diffusion properties in flooding water and a stronger herbicidal activity than the granules in paddy fields when the water solubility of the active ingredients was low. In addition, since the concentrations of the active ingredients of the granules and flowable decreased in almost the same way two days after the application, the degree of run-off the three active ingredients of the flowable from the paddy fields was as low as that of the granules under standard conditions employed to avoid water drainage after the application of the herbicide for three days.View full abstractDownload PDF (858K) -
Hai-Hang Li, Labunmi Lajide, Hiroyuki Nishimura, Koji Hasegawa, Junya ...1993 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 282-293
Published: December 22, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe phenomenon that wild grasses did not grow beneath the tree of Quercus mongolica Fisch var. grosseserrata Rehd. Wils. while they grew vigorously beneath other species of trees around Q. mongolica was observed in many places in the Hokkaido district. The allelochemicals in the soil beneath Q. mongolica were studied. This soil inhibited the growth of lettuce (Lactuca scariola L. var. sativa Bisch), green amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Norin No. 59) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) by 50-90% in a 30 day soil culture test in phytotron. Of four fractions of extracts, the ethyl acetate fraction of the phenolic extracts from the soil beneath Q. mongolica showed the highest inhibition on seed germination and growth of etiolated seedling of the four species. Nine allelochemicals, 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic, p-hydroxybenzoic, 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoic, 3, 4-dimethoxybenzoic, vanillic, p-coumaric, ferulic acids, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and kaempferol were identified in this fraction by HPLC, EI-MS and 1H-NMR. The contents of five main phenolic compounds, p-coumaric, ferulic, vanillic, p-hydroxybenzoic acids and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and kaempferol in the soil were found to be 13, 382, 3, 542, 2, 952, 2, 164, 1, 378 and 990μg per 100g soil, higher than those in the growing soils of Sasa cernua, Picea jezoensis, rice, corn, potato, carrot, soybean and beet, but lower than in the soil beneath red pine. These allelochemicals might have important roles in the distribution of forest species and understory grasses.View full abstractDownload PDF (4621K) -
Do-Jin Lee, Kenji Usui, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Kozo Ishizuka1993 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 294-299
Published: December 22, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the mode of safening action of dimepiperate (S-1-methyl-1-phenylethyl piperidine-1-carbothioate) on clomeprop (2-(2, 4-dichloro-3-methylphenoxy) propionanilide) injury to 7-day-old rice seedlings, the effect of dimepiperate on absorption, translocation and metabolism of clomeprop in the plants was determined. Growth of shoots was reduced to 81% of non-treated control by clomeprop at the concentration of 10-6M and mixed treatment with 10-5M dimepiperate reversed this clomeprop-induced inhibition. A lower absorption rate of clomeprop was detected in dimepiperate-treated seedlings. Dimepiperate neither affected translocation of -14C-clomeprop from roots to shoots nor enhanced clomeprop metabolism to DMPA (2-(2, 4-dichloro-3-methylphenoxy) propionic acid) in the plants. In roots of dimepiperate-treated rice plants, however, amount of the herbicidally active compound, DMPA was slightly decreased and that of the non-phytotoxic compound, 2-(2, 4-dichloro-3-hydroxymethylphenoxy) propionic acid (3-CH2OH-DMPA), was increased compared with dimepiperate untreated plants.
These results suggest that the safening action of dimepiperate against clomeprop injury in rice seedlings may be due to decreased absorption of the herbicide, and in part, to the metabolism of DMPA to non-phytotoxic metabolite.View full abstractDownload PDF (706K) -
Hirosi Sugiyama, Katsuichiro Kobayashi1993 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 300-306
Published: December 22, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe residues of metolachlor [2-chloro-2′-ethyl-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-6′-methylacetanilide] applied to a soybean field were determined separately as to water-soluble and water-insoluble ingredients and were found to fluctuate with precipitation. The half life of all metolachlor was calculated as 40 to 60 days in 1990 and 4 to 5 days in 1991. The half life of the water-soluble ingredients, however, was as 6 to 12 days in 1990 and 3 days in 1991. Plant growth of Italian ryegrass in soils collected periodically after metolachlor application was inhibited, and this inhibition was closely related to the concentration of the water-soluble ingredients but little to that of the water-insoluble ingredients. This confirmed that the inhibition of plant growth by soil-applied metolachlor was induced by its water-soluble ingredients, while concentration of the herbicide in the soil water fluctuated little with the amount of precipitation, as different amounts of precipitation caused little variation in activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (771K) -
1993 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 307-317
Published: December 22, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1166K) -
Hiroshi Tsuyuzaki, Yasuhiro Yogo, Akira Koarai, Keiko Nakatani1993 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 321-325
Published: December 22, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (644K)
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