Nowadays, the expanding trade in agricultural goods is set against a background of increasing demand for livestock products, grain fodder and oil seeds, while at the same time, within the developed countries, the structure of agricultural trade is such that higher value added processed products are becoming more and more significant. Moreover, the East Asian market i.e. Japan, Korea etc. is now, on a world level, emerging as a market for agricultural products in which America, Oceania and the EU will battle for an increasing share of this export market. It is believed that the GATT Uruguay Round Agricultural Agreement particularly the reduction in the export subsidies and the guaranteed import access will have a big impact on the EU. Within the EU, it is expected that by the end of the century the problem of surpluses in the beef, grain, and dairy products sectors will re-emerge. On the other hand, both the American and Oceanian governments are anticipating an increase in the export of agricultural products in each of their respective countries. With regard to dairy products, America and Canada are helping the promotion exports through the use of a levy which is imposed on producers for excess production. In the EU as a result of the reduction of export subsidies and the integration of EC countries into an EU single market, Denmark, who is particularly dependent on exports outside the EU has proposed a Two-ties qaota system. Finally with regard to competition in the internal EU market, the activities of the Agricultural Cooperatives, who are expanding marketing and direct investment and who now rank alongside the huge Dairy Multinationals like Nestle and Unilever are slso worthy of attention.

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The GATT negotiations was concluded on 15 December, 1993 in Geneva. Switzerland. Then the Japanese Government approved to accept the Tariffication instead of the Non-Tariff Wall about the import of dairy products in the WTO System. The purpose of this paper is to make clear the problems which are related to the Tariffication of dairy products. The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1) The competition will intensify between the exporting countries of dairy products by the starting of the WTO system. The Oceania will gradually increase the exporting capacity because of the reduction of the exporting subsidies. Contrarily the EU will go back in the world market. Japan will continue to provide the rich cheese market for the exporting countries. 2) In Japan, the market of milk and dairy products are based on the condition of liquid milk market. If the processed proportion for liquid milk is less than 60%, we will necessarily meet with the surplus of raw milk. 3) So this Tariffication is very high rate-tariff, the Japanese dairy industry should be avoidable to increase the imported dairy products. 4) Because the relation between demand and supply of raw milk is not self-supporting cycle, the Current Access by the Livestock Industry Promotion Corporation should be given the heavy burden for the dairy industry on the occasion of surplus condition in the Japanese market of milk and dairy products.

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Chicken and chicken products have been imported a lot in the last two decades in Japan because of the strong currency. The price of lived-birds in per kg. have been about twice in Japan than that in mainland China, U. S. A. and Thailand, particularly the costs of production has been three times in Japan than that of China. Therefore, the chicken imported has been increased and the self-sufficiency rate has declined sharply from 100% in 1960, to 82.2% in 1990 and 77.1% in 1993. The ratio of custom-duties for the chickens imported has been cut according to the final agreement of the Uruguay Round. Therefore, the chickens imported will increase in future in Japan. In the present circumstances, the basic directions of broiler Industry are to cut the costs both in production and processing and to develop the rarity of high valued products.

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The egg production in China amounted to around 9 million tons in 1994 compared with 4.5 million tons in 1985, and it is forecast that egg production in that country will greatly increase to 13.5 million tons at the end of this century. In order to find out the reasons for the increase in egg production in China, the Beijing city area was selected as a research area. This study seeks to clarify the characteristics of the egg production, marketing, policies and the influence of structural change upon the layer farm management in Beijing. A new method based on marginal productivity from econometric estimates of production functions has been used to calculate the egg production's BC process and M process. Some of the findings may be summarized as follows: (1) The increase of egg demand among the urban population and the decrease of egg supply from rural areas forced the Beijing city administration to spend a large amount of money to develop its own egg production system that is called egg vertical integration tied up with the liberalization of socialist economy. (2) In order to rapidly increase the egg production in Beijing between 1978 and 1993, the city government implemented polices such as chick, mixed feed production, education, veterinary and marketing systems. (3) The structural change in the egg production and marketing systems that began at the end of 1970s had an important effect on the private egg farms and the related industries.

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The aims of this text were the attention of the distribution side in the wholesale market circulation and the evaluation and the judgment of the it's working. The transportation costs of a main vegetable 14 articles were totaled and the transportation efficiency was calculated for the transportation cost. And, five indices were installed and were analyzed from this total and the calculation. Five indices are 1. It is gross weight of the transportation cost. 2. It is an amount of the collection shipment, is a transportation distance, and it is transportation time to compos the transportation cost. 3. It is the be solution calculated as a necessary at least for transportation cost. 4. It is an additional cost as the difference between an actual transportation cost and the best solution. 5. It is transportation efficiency shown as a ratio of the best solution and an additional cost. The outline of the result is as follows. The first half of 80's is the one according to the increase of the amount of the production circulation though the cost of the vegetable transportation increases and the latter half of 80's is due to the increase of the transportation distance and the transportation time. A constant level is maintained concerning the distance about the transportation efficiency through 80's. Moreover, it is improved largely the time about the transportation efficiency in the first half of 80's and the latter half is maintained concerning. That is, the wholesale market circulation of the vegetable is ruled from the distribution side and it is judged to be avalid system in 1980's.

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