Export of fresh vegetables and fruits assuming quality differentiation under a liberalized domestic agricultural market with an enforced trade deficit has been an important issue in Korea. On this basis, this paper looks into the trends and business conditions of fresh fruits exporting in Korea. The fresh fruits exporting system is fulfilled by three actors: government designated fruits farmer's complexes, exporting companies supplying specialized agricultural goods and supporters who make exports smoothly. However, according to the survey reported on herein of fruits farmers complexes and the exporting companies, the exporting system is experiencing rising insufficiency. This is based on obstructions to favorable exports of fresh fruits. Analysis reveals the following; One case is a measure of Quality Control and the second is the insubstantial relations within above actors. Finally, the third is the instability of exports amount be triggered by farmer's behavior of shipment.

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In this paper, we focus on the deployment trend of the Green-Tourism in the Sichuan Chengdu and the Shanghai suburbs, and the birthplace of the practice of "farmhouse comfort" in China. Green-Tourism plays an important role for new farm village construction as follows: (1) The management of a city agricultural Green-Tourism form of tourism can preserve farm village resources and improve management awareness of local resources. (2) In a 'farmhouse comfort' type of Green-Tourism, an improvement in the health, safety of a tourist home, employee's education, and comfort of farmhouse management will be an important future subject or research. (3) Enhancement of the research on promotion of a Green-Tourism, cultivation of specialists, institution standards of Green-Tourism, and a service standard will also be an important future subject of future research.

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[in Japanese]

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The overriding objective of this paper is to clarify changes in household food consumption expenditure after the 1997/98 Asian Economic Crisis, with special reference to Peninsular Malaysia (West Malaysia). We estimated Engel's expenditure elasticities for food items using aggregated cross-sectional data from the 1993/94, 1998/99 and 2004/05 Household Expenditure Surveys. The estimated results clearly indicate that the expenditure elasticities of away-from-home food for upper and middle classes increased after the Asian Economic Crisis. In addition, we found that elasticities of at-home expenditures for meat, fruits and vegetables, milk and dairy products are relatively high, those of rice is low. These findings suggest that the food expenditure structure in Peninsular Malaysia has diversified.

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Ohio agriculture has been forced into high input production, which has led to river water pollution by nonpoint sources. This has become a major concern and various programs for improvement have been introduced. The Sugar Creek watershed is one of the most polluted areas in Ohio. Thus, some farmers in this region have begun to practice environmental protection by "Best Management Practice" in cooperation with the Ohio State University. Such practices have resulted in a small improvement in some environmental indices such as river water quality. Middle-scale family farms mainly engage in environmental protection practices and strongly hope the succession of good production environment to the next generation. Such environmental protection practices are confined to model case. These can help to develop methods that would result in the success of such practices. Moreover, for the success of the environmental protection practices, cooperation reinforcement would be necessary.

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This paper examines the factors of the export expansion of Japanese fruits based on the amount of importation and the import quarantine qualification of Taiwan. The largest fruits export market for Japan is Taiwan. In particular, the apple constitutes a large share of the total amount of Japanese fruits export, and can be sold not only in the upscale department stores but also in middle-level supermarkets in Taiwan. The import quarantine of Taiwan was revised in 2005, and the quality control of Japan was strengthened at the point of production. As a result, the reject ratio of the export quarantine has decreased. However, if Taiwan invokes import stop measures, great fluctuations of the trade share occurs in Taiwan.

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This paper analyzes the problem of the livestock's excreta treatment after cattle shed breeding, and the reconstruction of the resource recycling system of Inner Mongolia. The paper clarifies the following: First, the traditional resource recycling system is an impasse result from too high an increase in the numbers of livestock (cattle and pig). Second, the introduction of the resource recycling new system and Biogas Plant provides for disposal of the livestock's excreta and solves the problem of environmental pollution.

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The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of a new strategy of intermediation between farmers and retailers on improving the farmers' access to the market. The results of the investigation, carried out in Colombia, indicate that this strategy is effective on improving the farmers' access to the market. The main successful factors are: 1) the irrigation system, credit support and technical assistance given to the farmers have improved the productivity of the crops and the stability of the production; 2) the regional organization of the farmers has increased their offers and improved their bargaining power; 3) the intermediation between farmers and retailers has allowed an increase in the farmer's organization sales; 4) the active participation of the farmers in distribution has improved their responsibility and reduced the operating costs of the farmers' organization; 5) the low commercialization margin of the farmers' organization has improved the farmers' incomes.

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China has implemented a "land contract responsibility system" since the 1980s, and this system has triggered a variety of problems. In particular, "land increase without income increase" in agriculture and unwillingness to take up farming have become the principal problems in rural areas of inland China under the conditions of agricultural production boundaries. As an essential problem involving in China's agriculture, it presents an urgent agenda issue of Chinese agricultural policy. The research traces the root causes of land problems being interwoven with China's agricultural management by making a case study on "land increase without income increase" of rural households in inland China areas such as Inner Mongolia. "Land increase without income increase" describes the case in which farmland area increases, but income fails to increase, leading to another phrase: "the more land, the poorer". Field studies have been made on Hangjinqi area in Inner Mongolia since July 2007. On the basis of these, the following issues are analyzed: (1) the characteristics of agriculture in the land of arable boundaries (natural location); (2) the deterioration of arable land (soil) due to over-fertilization; and (3) the boundaries of small and decentralized farming of contract land.

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From the early 1970s, cheap flower imports from South America have increased, thereby affecting the American flower market. Among developed countries, the cut flower market in America has already experienced decline This study outlines the characteristics of flower production and price changes by factors of flower production and analyzes those price changes based on U.S. Department of Agriculture and California State statistical data. On this basis, direction of management of U.S. flower production in the future is offered. Finally, this investigation of flower production trends and business strategies leads to development of an appropriate business model.

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This paper describes the promotion of the food safety policy and the reorganization of the food distribution system in Shanghai City. The conclusions are as follows. First, the Standardization Wholesale market which has been decided by the local government is shifting to the Green Wholesale market. Second, through this reorganization, the system of the food information history can be set up, which implies that the demand to ensure food safety is more difficult than before and the number of individual farmers or the individual retail merchants may decrease in the future. Third, this reorganization will cause a change in the structure of the food distribution in Shanghai City.

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