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Volume 42, Issue 3
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Takeshi YAMANOME, Osamu SHIDA, Toru MITSUBOSHI, Masanori TOKUSHIMA, Re ...1994 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 389-396
Published: September 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLandlocked sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were transferred into seawater (SW) directly or after pre-acclimation to 50% seawater (50% SW) . The time course changes of their serum sodium level and weight increase were measured. Two similar experiments were conducted in November 1991 (0+year) and April 1992 (1+year), when osmoregulatory ability of the fish was low and high, respectively. In November 1991, serum sodium level of the fish pre-acclimated to 50% SW for 4 months was lower compared with that of directly transferred fish. Almost all of the directly transferred fish stopped growing in SW, whereas some of the pre-acclimated fish increased their weight. In April 1992, even in directly transferred fish, serum sodium level was lower compared with that of pre-acclimated fish in November. Pre-acclimation to 50% SW for 2 weeks did not enhance osmoregulatory ability further in spring. All individuals of both group increased their weight in SW. These data suggest that growth of landlocked sockeye salmon in SW may closely relate to the osmoregulatory ability of the fish at the time of transfer to SW.View full abstractDownload PDF (925K) -
Nobuaki NIWA1994 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 397-401
Published: September 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs marks for a small-sized freshwater shrimp Neocaridina denticulata, two kinds of intravital stains, trypan blue and trypan red, were evaluated through laboratory experiments. Injection of 0.005-0.05 ml of 0.5 % solution at center of lateral side of lst or 2nd abdominal segment was made. Although the mortality was high (40-100 %) in the first few days after injection, the individuals that survived this period showed a high survival rate (60-100 %) for at least one month. Pigment of stains was accumulated in gills in a few days after injection, showing marked chevron-shaped patterns through carapace. Marked individuals were easily differentiated from unmarked ones even after four months.View full abstractDownload PDF (2574K) -
Masayoshi MURAKOSHI1994 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 403-409
Published: September 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSField growth rates of wild and restocked boring clam, Tridacna crocea at Kabira Inlet (24° 27'N, 124° 09'E) . Ishigaki Island in the Ryukyu Islands were monitored during a eleven-year period (1974-1985) . Growth rates were estimated from measurements of the length of the major axis of the shell.
Seasonal growth rates were positively correlated with water temperature, i.e.higher growth rates were observed at the warmer temperature. Growth rates were also affected by the type of substratum and water depth. Micro-atolls formed by dead parts of Porites which remained at water depths of 5-10 cm at the time of the spring low tide seemed specially suited to promote growth. Thus, similar sites seems preferable for restocking. Growth of individuals in suitable sites can be expressed by the equation: SL=14.55 (1-e--0.0010-0.1635t) (SL: shell length, in cm, t: year) .View full abstractDownload PDF (748K) -
Osamu MURATA, Keitaro KATO, Yasunori ISHIBASHI, Shigeru MIYASHITA, Tos ...1994 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 411-418
Published: September 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe growth, maturation and chemical composition of normal diploid and triploid Japanese parrot fish, Oplegnathus fasciatus (TEMMINCK et SCHLEGEL) reared for 3 years 5 months were compared.
Only slight differences between diploid and triploid fish in growth were observed throughout the experimental period.
The gonado-somatic index of female triploid fish was consistently lower than that of female diploid fish. On the other hand, that of male triploid fish was higher than that of female triploid fish, and male triploid could be spawned by hand-stripping.
In fish in the spawning period (3 and 4 years old), the % total edible portion (as percent of total body weight) in triploid fish was significantly higher than that of diploid fish.
The lipid content of the viscera, liver and muscle in the diploid fish decreased between the pre-spawning and spawning periods, while in triploid fish, that of the viscera and abdominal muscle markedly increased during the same period. These results suggest that the accumulation of energy associated with sterility in triploid fish manifests as increase in the lipid content of the viscera and its limbus.
In the spawning period, the crude protein and lipid contents of dorsal muscle in 4-year-old triploid fish were higher than those in diploid fish. On meat quality test, the taste and texture of female triploid fish were assessed as better than those of the female diploid.View full abstractDownload PDF (4227K) -
Yasuhisa KAYANO, Tadashi ODA1994 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 419-425
Published: September 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGrowth and spawning of artificially reared red spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara were studied. E. akaara is slow growing fish. Feeding activity would be very low during water temperature below 15°C. Relative growth rate of the fish decreased rapidly with an increase in age.
Equation of relationship between length (L, cm) and weight (W, g) was W = 0.01452 L3.082. Bertalaffy's growth law in Age (t) and length (Lt, cm) was estimated as follows, Female: Lt = 40.5 [1-exp {-0.2859 (t+0.875) } ] (t≥1)
Male : Lt = 48.1 [1 -exp {- 0.2186 (t + 0.911) } ] . (t≥4)
The first spawning was observed from 2 years old female. The spawning season was from early June to late August under artificial rearing condition.View full abstractDownload PDF (598K) -
Kyung-nam HAN, Takao YOSHIMATSU, Seiichi MATSUI, Masayuki FURUICHI, Ch ...1994 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 427-431
Published: September 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of dietary protein level in semipurified experimental diets on the growth and body composition was investigated for six months old croaker: average body weight 51.5 g. The fish were fed diets with four dietary protein levels ranging from 37 to 54 %, comprising white fish meal as a main dietary stuff and α-starch (gelatinized starch) as a digestible carbohydrate source. The growth performance was examined in terms of weight gain, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, body composition and so on, in 8-week feeding trials at 21.2-23.8 °C.
The 49 % protein diet noted the best values on the average weight gain, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio as well. The protein efficiency ratio decreased with increasing dietary carbohydrate level on lower protein diets. The body composition was not so affected by the change in dietary protein levels. Consequently based upon the results in the experiment under the present experimental conditions, the optimum level of dietary protein in croaker was estimated to be around 49 %, when white fish meal was used as the protein source.View full abstractDownload PDF (511K) -
Tadahiro YOTSUMOTO, Yoshiaki NISHIOKA, Shigehisa YAMASAKI, Hachiro HIR ...1994 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 433-438
Published: September 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to know the temperature adaptation of the rotifer, different temperature adaptability of the L-type rotifer were investigated. The L-type rotifer of Yashima strain were continuously maintained in batch culture in a 25 °C incubator, for a period of 3 years. The rotifer were transferred from a 25 °C incubator to a 15 °C incubator, and attempted to renewly batch culture. Every 90 days, the rotifer from the 15 °C incubator were transferred individually to a well of microplate to observe the number of eggs laid, offspring produced, and individual life span. And then, the rotifer were returned from the 15 °C incubator to the 25 °C incubator, and were observed too. Some mass cultured respectively to collect samples for electrophoresic analyses by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis.
Results of these experiments are summarized as follows: 25 °C batch culture showed high value at net reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of natural increase, and rotifer of 15 °C incubator have increased at value of net reproductive rate. But returned from the 15 °C incubator to the 25 °C incubator, rotifer showed low value at net reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of natural increase. Electrophoretic analyses showed that several phenotypes of FBALD, GPI isozymes were observed in the L-type rotifer which have been maintained at those culture conditions at 25 °C and 15 °C for passage of 180 days or 360 days.View full abstractDownload PDF (553K) -
Takafumi SHIKATA, Sadao SHIMENO, Masaharu UKAWA1994 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 439-446
Published: September 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCommon carp, Cyprinus carpio were fed on a fat-free diet (FF) and four diets containing 3 % of pollack liver oil (LF) and 12 % of pollack liver oil (P), soybean oil (S) or medium chain triglyceride (M) for 30 days, and the effects of these fats on the hepatopancreatic enzyme activities and the serum and body compositions were studied. The levels of triglyceride and cholesterol in the serum, the content of crude fat in the whole body, and apparent fat retention were lower in the P and M groups than in the S group. The large differences were not detected in the activities of glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADP-malate dehydrogenase in the hepatopancreas were depressed by feeding of the fat containing diets, and these activities were the lowest in the P group. These results suggest that pollack liver oil depresses more effectively lipid synthesis in the hepatopancreas than soybean oil or medium chain triglyceride does, resulting in the reduction of serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels.View full abstractDownload PDF (820K) -
Stage-dependent Teratogenicity of Cytochalasin B in Japanese Pearl Oyster, Pinctada fucata martensiiYushi UCHIMURA, Tomonori HIRATA, Shunnoske ABE1994 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 447-452
Published: September 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFertilized eggs of pearl oyster immersed with Cytochalasin B (0.5 mg/l) at different developmental stages were examined in order to find high yield of triploid larvae. When the eggs were treated at the time of second mitotic division, triploid larvae were obtained with high ratio. And also significant numbers of abnormal larvae were produced when cytochalasin B treatment was done immediately after the second mitotic division. It was difficult to perform the precise treatment in different batches of eggs without microscopic observations, since time lapse of developmental stages was varied from batch to batch. From these results we developed a practical method to produce the triploids in large numbers and to reduce the abnormality, under the microscopic observation of developing embryo.View full abstractDownload PDF (4122K) -
Fauzan ALI, Shigehisa YAMASAKI, Hachiro HIRATA1994 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 453-458
Published: September 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA laboratory study was carried out to determine the survival rate of Penaeus japonicas larvae from nauplius until post larval stage in a polyculture system with Ulva sp.
Experiments were conducted in 9 aquaria (60×29×32cm) where 59 individuals per liter of P.japonicus nauplii were allowed to grow in each tank. In early stages from protozoea until mysis I, three types of treatments were used in this study, namely; (UTC) supply of Ulva sp. fragments (1.8cm in diameter) as biofilter and mixture of Tetraselmis tetrathele and Chaetoceros calcitrans as food supplying, (TC) supply of mixture T. tetrathele and C. calcitrans as food, and (T) supply of T. tetrathele only as food. Uiva fragments were drifting in the water anytime utilizing a bubble aeration. After mysis 1, all the larvae were fed by Artemia nauplii only until the end of experiment.
Results indicated that the survival rate of larvae until post larvae (10th days of post larvae) were 49.5%, 33.9% and 10.8% in UTC, TC and T treatment, respectively, and that means differed significantly each other. Final body length of larvae were 12.8mm, 12.1mm and 10.8mm in UTC, TC and T treatments, respectively. Ulva fragments grew as 3.0 fold from 1.8mm to 49.87mm (mean diameter) at the end of the experiment. Finally, the most promising evidence from this experiment is that in tanks treated with Ulva fragments, larval feces or food residues from the culture of shrimp were constantly kept in motion. In addition ammonium-N at the end of the experiment in tank with Ulve sp was lowest. It was 16.0μg-at/l, 67.2μg-at/l and 44.8μg-at/l in UTC, TC and T treatments, respectively. From this result it is easy to conclude that Ulva sp, grows by using the waste products and keeps the water quality in good condition.View full abstractDownload PDF (661K) -
Shingo SEKI, Yasuhiro ASAI, Takehito SATOU, Nobuhiko TANIGUCHI1994 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 459-463
Published: September 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the response in the fertilized eggs to water temperature using ayu geographical races, amphidromous and landlocked forms, and their hybrid, which had been reared in the same environmental conditions from the hatching. The survival rates of the eyed period's eggs of the landlocked form were 30.0% at 26°C, 85.2% at 18.5°C, 63.5% at 15°C, and 47.1% at 12°C. On the other hand, those of the amphidromous form were 47.3%, 75.4%, 38.2%, and 11.6%, and those of the hybrid were 71.7%, 83.4%, 58.4%, and 51.4%, respectively. The hybrid's variances were bigger than the other two races. The developmental speed of the eggs in the landlocked form was faster than in the amphidromous form.
Considering these results, it was suggested that the landlocked form's best performance conditions were at lower temperatures than the amphidromous form. We thought that those differences may be due to genetic differences in physiological traits.View full abstractDownload PDF (620K) -
Tadashi KAWAI, Tatsuo HAMANO, Shuhei MATSUURA1994 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 465-470
Published: September 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe molting season and reproductive cycle of the Japanese crayfish, Cambaroides japonicus (De Haan, 1841), in a stream and a small lake in Hokkaido, were investigated once a month from 1991 to 1992. In the warm season from Jun. to Oct., molting occurred in both habitats. The size of the smallest reproductive female was 18mm in carapace length for both habitats. The reproductive cycle of this species was as follows. Mature females copulate in Sep. and Oct., and the cement gland develops from Sep. to Nov. In Apr. or May of following year, the females spawn. They lay eggs and carry hatched juveniles for two to three months, with juveniles being released in Jul. or Aug. The smallest size of mature females was equal at both habitats. Furthermore, the reproduction and molting occurred simultaneously at both habitats.View full abstractDownload PDF (593K) -
Masanori DOI, Hiroshi KOHNO, Atsushi OHNO, Yasuhiko TAKI1994 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 471-476
Published: September 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEarly larval characters pertaining to the mixed feeding period from the initiation of exogenous feeding to the exhaustion of endogenous nutrition were examined in laboratory-reared red snapper, Lutjanus argentimaculatus, and the results were compared with four tropical marine fish species. Red snapper larvae had the moderate-sized body, 2.77 mm in mean total length, and mouth, 0.220-0.232 mm in width, at the onset of feeding. The middle-volumed endogenous nutritional resource composed of yolk and oil globule, 1803×10-4 mm3 in volume, was consumed relatively slowly until initial mouth opening at 39 HAH (hours after hatching), 16.3×10-4 mm3 at the time. However, the endogenous resource was the least at the onset of exogenous feeding as a result of the late initiation of exogenous feeding, the red snapper larvae initiating the feeding on copepod nauplii at 66 HAH and on rotifers at 70.5 HAH. The endogenous resource was completely consumed at 114 HAH, and all larvae started the exogenous feeding by 210.5 HAH, 96.5 hours after the exhaustion of endogenous nutrition. Overall, the red snapper larvae were considered to be poor feeders on exogenous food organisms during the mixed feeding period; this would make the red snapper larval rearing difficult.View full abstractDownload PDF (628K) -
Yuhto TAKIGAWA, Hayato MORI, Shingo SEKI, Akihiro KOMATSU, Nobuhiko TA ...1994 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 477-483
Published: September 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe tried to determine the optimum conditions for induction of mitotic gynogenetic diploids (mitotic-G2n) in red sea bream, Pagrus major. The mitotic-G2n was induced by blocking the first mitotic division using a hydrostatic pressure treatment. We tested several combinations of pressure intensity, duration time, and starting time after insemination and observed hatching-rate, diploid embryo-rate (2n-rate), and haploid embryo-rate (n-rate) in each experimental group. The optimum conditions for mitotic-G2n induction in red sea bream were pressure intensity of 700kg/cm2 for 5 min duration, starting at 45 min after insemination in the incubation temperature. Hatching-rate was 35.06%, diploid embryorate, 53.41% and haploid embryo-rate, 46.59%. Nevertheless, a considerably high number of heteroploids appeared and high mortality was observed at the metamorphosis stage, so further investigation is needed.View full abstractDownload PDF (664K) -
Lila RUANGPAN, Rangsichai TABKAEW, Koolvara SANGRUNGRUANG1994 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 485-490
Published: September 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBacterial flora in the hepatopancreas, intestine and hemolymph of intensive cultured black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon were investigated at 30, 50, 70, 90 and 120 day intervals after releasing to the ponds. The bacterial counts grown on Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts Sucrose (TCBS) agar plate from the intestines and hepatopancreas, flucutuated over the 90 day periods, but were observed to increase by 120 days. While the bacterial counts grown on ZoBell's 2216e agar plates from these organs, showed little variations, as compared to the bacterial counts grown on TCBS plates. The bacterial counts from the hemolymph, increased gradually throughout the experimental periods. Pseudomonas and Vibrio were found to be the dominant bacterial species in the hepatopancreas, intestine and hemolymph.View full abstractDownload PDF (544K) -
Apostolos MIHELAKAKIS, Takao YOSHIMATSU, Chikara KITAJIMA1994 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 491-497
Published: September 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of three levels of environmental temperature (17.0, 21.0 and 23.5 °C) on food intake, growth and food conversion efficiency of 10-month-old silver sea bream were studied for a period of 45 days in laboratory conditions. Fish were fed on moist pellets twice daily to satiation. Substantial day to day variation in food consumption occurred at all temperatures. Appetite, growth rate, and food consumption were all lower at 17 °C than at 23.5 °C. Food intake per fish at 21.0 °C was about two times that at 17.0 °C. The mean daily increase in growth, expressed as specific growth rate, was 0.49 % at 17.0 °C, 1.48 % at 21.0 °C and 2.02 % at 23.5 °C . Mean condition factors at 21.0 °C and 23.5 °C were not significantly different, but both values were greater than the mean at 17.0 °C.View full abstractDownload PDF (586K) -
Takeshi WATANABE, Voranop VIYAKARN, Hideo AOKI, Heizo TUDA, Hiroshi SA ...1994 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 499-506
Published: September 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe availability of soybean meal (SBM) and corn gluten meal (CGM) combination as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed soft-dry pellet (SDP) was evaluated in juvenile (42, 1 g on average) and adult (458 g on average) yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata by feeding SDP containing 31-41 % of SBM and CGM in combination for 40 and 64 days, respectively.
Palatability of the experimental diets was not influenced by the inclusion of SBM and CGM in combination, as inferred from the daily feed consumption. Growth and feed gain ratio were the highest in fish fed the control diet without alternative proteins. Both values were not much different among the groups fed diets with SBM and CGM, although both being slightly higher in fish fed the diet with 20 % SBM and 11 % CGM. These tendencies were observed in both juvenile and adult fish experiments. The fish fed the experimental diets showed a clear yellowish pigmentation on the lateral line. There were no marked differences in the rheological parameters such as instantaneous elastic modules and viscosity of muscles between adult yellowtail fed diets with or without alternative protein sources.
The results of present study have shown that SBM in combination with CGM in some proporations can substitute fish meal more than 46 % in SDP for both juvenile and adult yellowtail without marked ill effects.View full abstractDownload PDF (805K)
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