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Volume 58, Issue 1
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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Koh Ivan Chong Chu, Sitti Raehanah Muhd. Shaleh, Noriaki Akazawa, Ya ...2010 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 1-10
Published: March 20, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo establish a seed production technique for a new hybrid orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides×giant grouper E. lanceolatus, the egg and larval development were observed. Newly ovulated eggs from a female E. coioides of 7.5 kg in body weight were measured 806±20μm (mean±SD) in diameter and weighed 3,505 eggs/g. After fertilization with sperm obtained from a male E. lanceolatus, the diameter of fertilized eggs measured 836±10μm. The eggs hatched from 17 h 15 min (17:15 h) to 19:20 h after fertilization at 28.0–29.0°C and 30.0 psu salinity. The fertilization and hatched rates were 91.0% and 33.6%, respectively. Newly hatched larvae were 1.53±0.01 mm in total length (TL). Larvae commenced feeding at 2 day after hatched (d AH) when the mouth and digestive tract were developed and eyes became deeply pigmented. Larvae showed typical early Epinephelus type pigmentation and formation of dorsal and pelvic spines. Cannibalistic behaviour occurred with the appearance of orange pigmentation above the abdominal area at 30 d AH. Deformities were not observed throughout the rearing period. Two hundred and thirty five fishs of 50 d AH juveniles with mean TL of 28.4+2.5 mm were produced from 15,800 newly hatched larvae.View full abstractDownload PDF (346K) -
Noriko Yoneda, Toyomi Takahashi, Tetsuya Takatsu2010 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 11-16
Published: March 20, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor maintaining and increasing in natural stock of Korean flounder Glyptocephalus stelleri their ages and growth in Funka Bay, Hokkaido were studied on the basis of samples caught by an otter trawl net and commercial gill nets. Observation of the otolith margin verified that annuli, outer margins of the opaque zone, were mainly produced between August and September during the birth period. Growth in both sexes was expressed by the von Bertalanffy asymptotic growth functions as SLt = 393.1 [1-exp {-0.145 (t+0.081)}] for females and SLt = 393.1 [1-exp {-0.134 (t+0.088)}] for males, where SLt is standard length in mm and t is age in years. The growth rates of 1 year old and later in Funka Bay are higher than those in Japan Sea off San-in with this disparity considered to be related to food availability.View full abstractDownload PDF (1409K) -
Kyaw Kyaw, Shunsuke Koshio, Manabu Ishikawa, Saichiro Yokoyama, Kotar ...2010 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 17-23
Published: March 20, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 50-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate supplemental effects of blue mussel (BM) when fed low fishmeal (FM) diets for juvenile tiger puffer. Isonitrogenous FM and soybean protein isolate (SPI) based diets, containing five different level of BM (0, 2.7, 5.3, 8.1, 10.5%) were formulated. A control diet contained 63% of FM without SPI. Nine juveniles (27.01±0.05 g) were randomly stocked into 100 l tank and fed the test diet twice a day with satiation. Results indicated that a diet containing 27% FM, 27% SPI together with 5.3% BM produced the highest weight gain, feed intake, specific growth rate and feed efficiency, and the values of those parameters were not significantly different (P>0.05) from those of a control group and a diet containing 28.5% FM, 27% SPI together with 2.7% BM. No significant differences were detected in survival rate, hepatosomatic index, and chemical compositions of fish whole body among all treatments.
This study demonstrated that BM supplementation in low FM diet was very effective to improve the growth of tiger puffer, and level of 2.7 to 5.3% was optimum when 27% of SPI together with FM ranging from 27 to 28.5% were used.View full abstractDownload PDF (127K) -
Kenji Watanabe, Kazuhiko Anraku, Harold M. Monteclaro, Ricardo P. Ba ...2010 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 25-35
Published: March 20, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe results presented herein report quantitative data relative to the distribution and morphological characteristics of superficial neuromasts (SNs) and canal pores (CPs) in goby Rhinogobius sp., common carp Cyprinus carpio and dark chub Zacco temminckii. Using scanning electron microscopy, large carp and dark chub were observed to possess more SN per canal scale compared to their small counterparts. Among the three species, carp consistently had the highest number of SNs and CPs. However, the density of SNs in SN-bearing scales is quite similar among the three species, even though the total length of goby was only a third of the two other species. The number and distribution of SNs and CPs on the surface of the head, the trunk and caudal fin varied among species. Orientation of cells within SNs on the head showed various directions relative to the fish body axis. On the trunk and caudal fin, most of the sensory epithelia on the neuromasts had orientations parallel the fish body axis although a number of those on the trunk in carp and dark chub were oriented dorso-ventrally. The possible relationship between the various types of lateral line and lifestyle of each species is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1279K) -
Masakazu Kohara, Shigeru Ogawa, Hisae Kasai, Mamoru Yoshimizu2010 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 37-43
Published: March 20, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEgg-washing with isotonic solution has been used to improve the artificial fertilization in fresh-water salmon aquaculture.Usually, unfertilized eggs are rinsed twice or three times with isotonic solution and showered before fertilization. We investigated the effect of egg-washing using rainbow trout eggs on elimination of some causative agents of cold water disease (Flavobacterium psychrophilum), flunculosis (Aeromonas salmonicida), infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHNV) and Oncorhynchus masou virus disease (OMV), quantitatively and on prevention of intra-ovum infection with F. psychrophilum. The number of live bacterial cells or virus infectivity titers which were eliminated by egg-washing, was 103CFU/ml in F. psychrophilum, 105CFU/ml in A. salmonicida, or 104TCID50/ml in both of IHNV and OMV. In shower washing, the eliminated extent of F. psychrophilum or A. salmonicida cells increased with increasing isotonic solution volume. The ratio of intra-ovum infection with F. psychrophilum was clearly less in rinsed eggs than in non-treated eggs, and result of detection from showered eggs was negative. These results suggest that egg-washing with isotonic solution is very effective to eliminate the bacteria or viruses on egg surface and is able to decrease the risk of intra-ovum infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (325K) -
Sohei Kino2010 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 45-54
Published: March 20, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn intermediate culture experiment involving juveniles of the sea urchin Loxechinus albus was carried out using a plastic net cage (80 cm square x 40 cm high) from January to June 1989 in Hueihue, Chiloé Island, Chile, in order to investigate their growth, when feeding on Ulva sp. and Macrocystis pyrifera as common algae in this region. Five experiments were conducted using juveniles found on suspended oyster culture lines in Linao. Experiments 1, 2, and 3 had a density of 1580, 3160, and 5220 individuals/cage, respectively, and mixed algae of U. sp. and M. pyrifera were fed. Experiments 4 and 5 involved feeding only U. sp. or only M. pyrifera, respectively, both including 1820 individuals/cage. After 149-day culture, juveniles of 4.5-5.7 mm in initial test diameter grew to 10.7-14.8 mm, and the survival rate in all experiments was more than 70%. The best growth was 14.8 mm (mean test diameter) of experiment 4, and the highest survival rate was 91% of experiment 1. The abundance of U. sp. and M. pyrifera was advantageous for the intermediate culture of L. albus in eastern coastal waters of Chiloé Island.View full abstractDownload PDF (240K) -
Sohei Kino2010 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 55-63
Published: March 20, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to understand methods to effectively utilize the resource of the Chilean sea urchin, Loxechinus albus, a transplantation experiment was carried out during 6 months from August 1988 to February 1989 in Chiloé Island, Chile. One thousand adults at 58.6 mm in mean test diameter showing mal-developed gonads in Linao which was depauperate in algae were transplanted to an experimental area of 400 m2 in Hueihue which was rich in algae. The gonad index improved from 8.5 to 13.7 two months after transplantation. The recovery rate of transplanted L. albus after 6 months was 83.0% (90.4% including sampled individuals). The movement range of this species was very narrow. In Linao, L. albus barely gathered to algae put in a net bag; the numbers that gathered were 2, 10, 15, and 20 individuals in 4, 8, 15, and 21 days after providing algae, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (266K) -
Sohei Kino2010 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 65-73
Published: March 20, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reproduction and larval appearance of two sea urchins, Arbacia dufresnei and Pseudechinus magellanicus, were investigated in eastern coastal waters of Chiloé Island, Chile. Adults were collected from March 1987 to February 1988 in Hueihue (A. dufresnei) and Teupa (P. magellanicus), and gonadal changes were studied. Their spawning season was estimated to be from August to October. The larval appearance of these 2 species was investigated by collecting plankton in Hueihue (March 1987-February 1988, and October 1988-March 1989) and Teupa (March 1987-January 1988). Larvae of A. dufresnei appeared from May to November and those of P. magellanicus appeared mainly from August to October. The appearance of metamorphic larvae was relatively distinct. Further, juvenile P. magellanicus was investigated in waters on the continental side, and juveniles of 20000 individuals/m2 at 2.6 mm in test diameter were observed in Caicura of Reloncaví sound in January 1988.View full abstractDownload PDF (177K) -
Kyaw Kyaw, Shunsuke Koshio, Manabu Ishikawa, Saichiro Yokoyama, Kotaro ...2010 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 75-83
Published: March 20, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of different levels of dietary mussel phospholipid (MPL) on the performances of kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus juveniles. A 50-day feeding trial was conducted using six test diets supplementing different MPL levels at 0% (D1), 0.3% (D2), 0.6% (D3), 0.9% (D4), 1.2% (D5) and 1.5% (D6), respectively. Fifteen juveniles (0.32±0.001g) were randomly stocked into a 45 l rectangular tank and fed the test diet twice a day with 10-12% body weight.
Results indicated that the diets with more than 1.9% phospholipid (supplement level is 1.2%) showed significantly higher (P<0.05) weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio compared with all other diet groups. Based on the broken line analysis of SGR and dietary PL level, the optimal dietary level of phospholipid was 1.88% for juvenile kuruma shrimp when MPL was used. There were no significant differences in survival and chemical compositions of whole shrimp body among all treatments.
The present study demonstrated that dietary MPL supplementation is beneficial for growth promotion of juvenile kuruma shrimp and we found that the optimal dietary PL level is 1.9% for juvenile kuruma shrimp when MPL was used as a PL source under the culture conditions applied.View full abstractDownload PDF (138K) -
Hiroshi Nakajima, Akira Nitta, Koichi Fujita2010 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 85-96
Published: March 20, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the seasonal swimming patterns of ocellate puffer Takifugu rubripes, tagging experiments using electronic archival data-storage tags were conducted from October 1997 to April 1999 in the coastal area of Mie Prefecture, Japan. Twenty one tagged fish ranging from 37 to 53 cm in total length were released and stored data from seven tags were retrieved and analyzed. The puffers mainly swam in the subsurface layer shallower than 25 m with occasional diving to near the bottom except for the spawning season from April to May, when male puffer frequently swam up to the subsurface from the bottom (20-35 m) in the spawning ground, implying male specific mating-related behavior. This result suggests that ocellate puffer usually have a pelagic swimming nature. The vertical distributions tended to be deeper in winter (deepest depth of 65-115 m) than in autumn (deepest depth of 35-80 m) indicating that ocellate puffer move offshore in winter. Although the ambient water temperature recorded in tags ranged from 11 to 29°C throughout a year, that of the monthly average ranged from 15 to 24°C indicating to be the optimum water temperature for adult ocellate puffer.View full abstractDownload PDF (1065K) -
Shinya Mizuno, Tetsuo Teranishi, Noriko Sasaki, Nobuhisa Koide2010 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 97-104
Published: March 20, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe need to eliminate egg adhesiveness before its culture in intensive Japanese smelt (Hypomesus nipponensis) egg culture using jar incubators. This study examined the effects of treatment using unbaked scallop shell powder (SSP) suspension on eliminating egg adhesiveness, hatching rate and larval quality in the eggs. In a small-scale experiment using laboratory dishes, we found that more than 5 g/l SSP treatment, whose effects on the removal rate of egg adhesiveness were equal to or better than the effects of a conventional 5 g/l kaolin treatment, were effective in eliminating egg adhesiveness. In a large-scale experiment using a jar incubator, 5 and 20 g/l SSP-treated groups showed an equivalent survival rate during egg culture, hatching rate and larval tolerance to 10‰ brackish water and to fasting compared to the 5 g/l kaolin-treated group. It is better to use as little SSP as possible in the treatment in order to eliminate the egg adhesiveness, since we have to consider the internal particulate damage by minute SSP particles. The results revealed that 5 g/l SSP suspension was substituted for the conventional kaolin suspension in the treatment to eliminate the adhesiveness of Japanese smelt eggs.View full abstractDownload PDF (209K) -
Tadashi Imai, Nobuhiko Akiyama2010 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 105-111
Published: March 20, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMacrobrachium nipponense zoeal larvae in the later stage often get adhered to the side walls of tanks above the water surface and die. In order to prevent this phenomenon, we investigated the effects of different lighting directions by making use of larval positive phototaxis. We put larvae in one side of a rectangular tank and examined their horizontal movement under two conditions: one with light from the other side and the other without. Larvae from the first to the ninth zoeal stages had positive phototaxis, but in the postlarval stage, they did not. When we set up illumination over a beaker, zoeal larvae tended to disperse throughout the water of the beaker. In this condition, we determined that the survival rates in the postlarval stage were 60-75%. The main cause of death was adhesion to the wall among the larvae from the seventh to the ninth zoeal stages. On the other hand, the zoeal larvae gathered in the bottom of the beaker when lit from beneath the beaker. When we reared larvae in this condition, the adhesion death was suppressed to less than 5% and survival rates were more than 85%. Therefore, lighting under the tank had an effect of preventing M. nipponense larvae from adhering to the tank walls above water surface.View full abstractDownload PDF (471K) -
Motohiro Takagi, Akiyo Ohyama, Takaaki Shimizu2010 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 113-120
Published: March 20, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGenetic variability and disturbance of the Japanese common loach Misgurnus anguilicaudatus were surveyed by using 11 samples from 9 wild populations and two artificial stocks, based on 3 microsatellite loci. Investigation of these marker loci of the loach sample showed the difference of genetic variability from each other. The estimated heterozygosity ranged from 0.435 to 0.834. Ratio of observed and estimated heterozygosity was very low in Hokota reservoir samples, fishing item shop and food market. Genetic divergence among the loach samples was observed in the genotype and allele frequencies at the marker loci. Considerable genetic difference was observed between Hokota reservoir samples and the other wild samples. Meanwhile, Genetic distance among Hokota reservoir samples, fishing item shop and food market was very low. The results suggested that the present distribution of the loach in Ehime Prefecture was received several degree of invasion originated from artificial stocks. The microsatellite markers showed a potential as indicators to evaluate genetic variability and to trace genetic changes in Japanese common loach.View full abstractDownload PDF (399K) -
Kaori Konno, Hiroyuki Sakano2010 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 121-126
Published: March 20, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the food selectivity of lacustrine sockeye salmon by analyzing their stomach contents and the composition of the zooplankton community in Lake Numazawa. Seven zooplankton species were found in the ambient water of the lake. Salmon (mean total length±SD: June, 206±35 mm, n = 12; September, 228±7 mm, n = 17) fed mainly on Daphnia longispina and Cyclops strenuus. By number, D. longispina accounted for >94% of the stomach contents in June and September, although their proportion in the water column was <31%. Therefore, the salmon positively selected D. longispina, with a high Chesson’s selectivity index (mean: 0.95), which are the second largest zooplankton (up to 1.05 mm) and are slow-moving. In contrast, the salmon did not prefer C. strenuus, even though it was the largest zooplankton. Since the salmon selectively preyed on specific zooplankton species, excess release of lacustrine sockeye salmon fry might cause a decline of their preferred zooplankton species, and thus negatively affect salmon stocks in following years.View full abstractDownload PDF (318K) -
Takuo Kawamura, Nobuhiko Akiyama2010 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 127-133
Published: March 20, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study examined the larval development and salinity response of Two species of fresh water shrimps Paratya compressa and P. improvisa. With both kinds of shrimp, they progressed through the same 8 stages during the larval period. However, the larval period lasted 15 to 18 days in P. improvisa, while the P. compressa became larva in 26 to 38 days. The appendix appeared in P. improvisa earlier than P. compressa. All larvae of P. compressa died without molting, under non-feeding conditions and at 5 levels of salinity. None of the shrimp reached the 3rd zoeal stage except for those in 34 psu. Both kinds of shrimp lived longer in 8.5 and 17 psu than other levels of salinity. In 34 psu, P. improvisa lived 1 to 1.4 days while P. compressa lived 4.2 to 6.1 days. It has become clear that the two species have the larval development suitable for each living environment and have lost the viability in high salt water as P. improvisa has adapted to fresh water.View full abstractDownload PDF (446K) -
Mio Sugizaki, Katsuyuki Hamasaki, Shigeki Dan, Shuichi Kitada2010 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 135-142
Published: March 20, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study examined the growth and morphogenesis of zoeae and megalopae of the coconut crab Birgus latro reared at different constant temperature levels (21.3, 24.6, 27.0, 29.8 and 32.4°C). The aim was to assist in the development of artificial propagation technologies for restocking/stock enhancement and aquaculture in this species. Mass culture of coconut crab larvae in two 500 l tanks at ~29°C was also conducted. Carapace length (CL) of zoeae tended to increase with increasing temperature, whereas the relative length of the exopod of maxillipeds to CL in zoeal stages, which function as mouth parts after the megalopal stage, tended to decrease. Moreover, the pleopod (fourth stage zoeae) and chela (megalopae) relative to CL were smallest at 21.3°C and largest at 29.8°C. Similar trends were found in the morphogenesis of the uropod: setae were fewest at 21.3°C and most at 27.0°C and/or 29.8°C. Larvae were cultured successfully in the tanks and showed high survival rates (71.1% and 81.6%) to the megalopal stage. Thus, rearing temperatures of 27-30°C advanced the larval growth and morphogenesis and allowed the successful mass culture of larvae in the coconut crab.View full abstractDownload PDF (201K)
Short Papers
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Manabu Seoka, Takahiro Bandou, Mitsuyoshi Suimon, Yoshifumi Sawada2010 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 143-144
Published: March 20, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of the present study was to examine the utility of Toyama squid Watasenia scintillans meal as a protein source for juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT) Thunnus orientalis. PBT juveniles were fed either a commercial diet or a test diet which contained squid meal as the protein source, for 7 days. The survival and growth of the juveniles fed the test diet were superior to those of the juveniles fed the commercial diet. The results indicate that Toyama squid meal is a preferable dietary protein source for juvenile PBT.View full abstractDownload PDF (67K) -
Katsuya Hattori, Yasuo Nakashima, Ryouta Sone, Katsuhide Imaizumi, Shi ...2010 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 145-146
Published: March 20, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis is the first report of the inheritance pattern of leucism in Pseudobagrus ichikawai, an endangered species inhabiting the Toyo River. A leucistic male fish of this species, which was caught in June 2007, had a pale yellow body and blackish eyes. Two male-female pairs of normal individuals were also caught from the same area where the leucistic individual was caught. Leucistic and normal juveniles were obtained by mating these pairs. In these juveniles, the segregation ratio for the leucistic to normal phenotype was approximately 1:3. This result suggests that the leucism trait shows an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance in P. ichikawai.View full abstractDownload PDF (102K)
Notes
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Rika Omata, Kotaro Kikuchi, Haruo Sugita, Shuichi Satoh2010 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 147-150
Published: March 20, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTiger puffer Takifugu rubripes of 6 g body weight were fed 6 experimental diets containing fish and defatted soybean meals as major ingredients and supplemented with blue mussel meat or mussel extract, free glycine or alanine, and both of the two amino acids for 8 weeks. Dietary inclusion of blue mussel meat or extract improved the growth of tiger puffer, and weight gain and specific growth rate of fish fed the extract diet were significantly higher than those for the control without supplementation. Inclusion of free alanine improved the growth of fish, however, little effects were observed for glycine group.View full abstractDownload PDF (96K) -
Yuushi Uchimura, Kohji Ishihara, Nobuyoshi Nakajima2010 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 151-153
Published: March 20, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIsoquercitrin is known to be an antioxidant substance. Isoquercitrin was administered to diseased pearl oyster affected by “akoya oyster disease” to confirm its recovery effect. Pearl oysters were incubated in each of 4 tanks containing respectively, 0, 2, 4 and 8 ppm isoquercitrin for 10 days at 25°C. As the result, isoquercitrin controlled the hemocytes collapse and reduced discoloration of adductor muscle of the diseased pearl oyster. Therefore, it is postulated that isoquercitrin reduced radical damage caused by “akoya oyster disease (A.O.D.)”.View full abstractDownload PDF (89K) -
Natsuki Hasegawa, Junya Higano2010 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 155-158
Published: March 20, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAllometric equations between the shell length and the weight of the Asari clam Ruditapes philippinarum, which were collected at six locations in Ise Bay, central Japan, were estimated. The single allometric equation could be applied to the relationships between shell length (L, mm) and its total wet weight (TWW, g WW); TWW = 2.4×10-4×L2.97 (r2 = 0.99). The allometric equation between shell length and soft tissue dry weight (SDW, g DW) was SDW = 3.6×10-6×L3.30 (r2 = 0.88). However, the latter equation could not be applicable due to great variability of the SDW seasonally and geographically.View full abstractDownload PDF (304K)
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