Aquaculture Science
Online ISSN : 2185-0194
Print ISSN : 0371-4217
ISSN-L : 0371-4217
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Volume 61, Issue 4
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Original Paper
  • Effect of Graded Levels of Dietary DHA Included in Rotifers Brachionus plicatilis on Larviculture Performance of Red Sea Bream Pagrus major
    Tomonari Kotani, Hiroshi Fushimi, Yuka Ohta, Aki Miyashima, Ken-suke S ...
    2013 Volume 61 Issue 4 Pages 321-330
    Published: December 20, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: April 02, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11233/aquaculturesci.61.321
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been shown to improve the larviculture performance. As the optimum DHA level in rotifers has not been established for red sea bream larvae, this study investigated the effect of a rotifer diet enriched with gradient DHA diet levels on the red sea bream larviculture performance. Four enrichment diets were prepared with gradient DHA diet levels of 0, 20, 40 and 60% of total fatty acid. Pure oleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA were used as fatty acid sources and no other fatty acids were added. A commercial diet was used as control. The DHA level of enriched rotifers were 0% (0% diet), 6% (20%), 13% (40%) and 18% (60%). No significant differences in survival were noted among treatments (47-61%). The growth coefficients in the period during fishes were fed rotifers alone were improved by the feeding of rotifers enriched with diets of more than 20% of DHA level. However the one after Artemia nauplii feeding was started fell when rotifers enriched with 60% of DHA diet level. It was concluded that red sea bream larviculture performance could be improved with the feeding of rotifers enriched with 20 or 40% DHA diet level.
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  • Flocculent Feed for the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Containing Diatomite and Zeolite
    Tatsuya Unuma, Kohsuke Noguchi, Sayumi Sawaguchi, Natsuki Hasegawa, Yu ...
    2013 Volume 61 Issue 4 Pages 331-339
    Published: December 20, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: April 02, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11233/aquaculturesci.61.331
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    A flocculent feed for the sea cucumber Aposticopus japonicus was developed. Mixture of powdered algae and commercial sea cucumber feed was added with 2.4 fold of inorganic matter (diatomite and zeolite) and gelatinized using calcium chloride with the alginate contained in the powdered algae as a binder, which led to a loosely aggregated mass of feed. In a 29-day feeding trial using juvenile A. japonicus of 7.8 mm body length, the flocculent test diet showed a significantly higher survival rate and specific growth rate than the powdered algae and the commercial sea cucumber feed. In a 42-day feeding trial using adult A. japonicus of 96 g body weight, the test diet resulted in significantly higher specific growth rate than two types of commercial sea cucumber feeds. Gonad index and histological observations of gonads suggested that oogenesis advanced more in females fed the test diet compared to those fed the other diets. These results indicate that the flocculent test diet is effective for rearing both juveniles and broodstock of A. japonicus.
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  • Ingestion by Japanese Eel Anguilla japonica Larvae on Various Minute Zooplanktons
    Stenly Wullur, Takao Yoshimatsu, Hideki Tanaka, Masataka Ohtani, Yosh ...
    2013 Volume 61 Issue 4 Pages 341-347
    Published: December 20, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: April 02, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11233/aquaculturesci.61.341
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    We observed the feeding incidence of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica larvae of 6, 7, 8 and 14 days after hatching (DAH) using various minute zooplanktons such as rotifer (Proales similis, Synchaeta sp., Keratella sp., Brachionus rotundiformis, B. angularis) and nauplii of copepod Paracyclopina nana, and compared those results to slurry type diets (i.e., shark eggs for control) to evaluate the usability of these planktons as primary food source for the mass culture of eel larvae. Feeding incidence of the larvae on 6, 7 and 8 DAH was 26.7-100% for slurry type diet, 20-46.7% for Proales similis and 0-6.7% for Synchaeta sp. At 14 DAH, feeding incidence of the larvae on slurry type diet and Proales similis reached to 100%, followed by B. rotundiformis (53.3%), Synchaeta sp. (20%), Keratella sp. (13.3%), and B. angularis (6.7%). On this day, slurry type diet (68.9%), Proales similis (37.2%) and Synchaeta sp. (1.0%) were detected in mid-hindgut while the other ingested rotifers remained in foregut of the larvae. These results suggested the possibility of minute illoricate rotifer Proales similis as an initial food source for Japanese eel larvae among the employed zooplanktons.
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  • Long-term Feeding of the Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata with Soy Protein Concentrate-based Non-fishmeal Diet Supplemented with Taurine
    Shusaku Takagi, Hisashi Murata, Takanobu Goto, Hideo Hatate, Hirofumi ...
    2013 Volume 61 Issue 4 Pages 349-358
    Published: December 20, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: April 02, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11233/aquaculturesci.61.349
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    Previous studies have shown that the growth performance of the yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata fed non-fishmeal (non-FM) diets was improved by supplementing with dietary taurine. However, it has not been determined whether yellowtail can be reared from juveniles to adults on non-FM diets supplemented with taurine. The present study evaluated the growth performance of yellowtail fed a soy protein concentrate (SPC)-based non-FM diet supplemented with taurine for 65 weeks from juveniles to adults. Juvenile fish (initial body weight, 470 g) were fed with the taurine-supplemented SPC-based non-FM (TS) diet or an FM diet. The TS group could be reared for 65 weeks. However, the growth rate of the TS group was markedly lower than that of the FM group; the hemochemical indices, condition factor, and hepatosomatic index of the TS group were lower than those of the FM group because the lipid content of the TS diet was too low for yellowtail to grow sufficiently. These results show that yellowtail can be reared from juveniles to adults on an SPC-based non-FM diet by supplementing with taurine, suggesting that the growth performance and physiological conditions of yellowtail fed a TS diet could be improved by increasing the dietary lipid content.
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  • Age, Growth, and Spawning Period of Bamboo Sole Heteromycteris japonica in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan
    Masayuki Yamamoto, Satoshi Katayama
    2013 Volume 61 Issue 4 Pages 359-365
    Published: December 20, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: April 02, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11233/aquaculturesci.61.359
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    The bamboo sole Heteromycteris japonica is a small and dominant species found on sandy seabeds in south Japan. To examine the age, growth, and spawning period, juveniles and adults were collected with sledge-nets and beam trawl-nets, respectively, in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. This species spawned from May to June, as suggested by the high gonadal somatic index in May and June and by the occurrence of newly settled juveniles [<10 mm in total length (TL)] from June to July. Using otolith sectioning and etching methods, the annual formation of opaque zones in sagittally sectioned otoliths was confirmed. The ages of fish between 76 and 158 mm in TL were determined, and the von Bertalanffy growth equations based on age-length relationships were derived for male and female H. japonica. The maximum ages encountered were 9 years for males and 11 years for females.
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  • Effects of Taurine, Phytase and Enzyme Complex Supplementation to Low Fish Meal Diets on Growth of Juvenile Red Sea Bream Pagrus major
    Imen Hanini, Md. Shah Alam Sarker, Shuichi Satoh, Yutaka Haga, Serg ...
    2013 Volume 61 Issue 4 Pages 367-375
    Published: December 20, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: April 02, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11233/aquaculturesci.61.367
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    The effects of taurine, phytase and enzyme complex supplementation in a low fish meal diet were investigated in juvenile red sea bream (14.3 g) for 12 weeks. The dietary treatments consisted of a control diet (FM 50) based on high quality fish meal, one negative control diet (FM20) containing 20% fishmeal, formulated with defatted soybean meal and corn gluten meal. The other four experimental diets were supplemented with 0.2% taurine to the FM20 (FT), together with phytase (1000 FTU/g) (FTP) or an enzyme complex at a levels of 0.05 (FTE0.05) or 0.1% (FTE0.1). The enzyme complex contained protease, amylase, xylanase, β-glucanase, pectinase, cellulase and phytase. Growth was lowest in the fish fed the FM20 diet, and was improved by supplementation with taurine. Additional supplementation with phytase further improved the growth, but it was still lower than the growth of the FM50 diet group. However, the combined supplementation of taurine and the enzyme complex improved the growth to that of FM50. Phytase or enzyme complex supplementation improved protein digestibility and phosphorus retention. These results showed that combined supplementation with taurine and enzyme complex improved the growth performance of red sea bream fed low fishmeal diets.
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  • Effects of Water Temperature, Irradiance, Nitrogen Form and Concentration on the Growth of Hypnea japonica Gigartinales, Rhodophyta
    Kouichi Hayakawa, Yuhei Tanaka, Ichiro Komazawa
    2013 Volume 61 Issue 4 Pages 377-382
    Published: December 20, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: April 02, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11233/aquaculturesci.61.377
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    Hypnea japonica is an important material for local cuisine in Hachijo-jima Island. In this study, in order to clarify the physiological properties of H. japonica for establishment of commercial tank cultivation technology, effects of water temperature, irradiance, nitrogen form and concentration on growth were examined under indoor cultivation conditions. The optimal water temperature for growth ranged from 18 to 27°C (relative growth rate 8.6-11.5% day-1), and the optimal irradiance was more than 100μmol photons m-2 s-1 (relative growth rate 11.2-17.9% day-1). The optimal nitrogen form and its concentration was nitrate (NO3-) and over 10μM (7.9-10.2% day-1). In the case of outdoor tank cultivation of H. japonica with seawater pumped up from the sea around Hachijo-jima Island, environmental conditions of both seawater temperature and irradiance were in the optimal range for growth. However, the nitrogen concentration in natural seawater around the island is below 10μM. So, it is possible that the nitrogen concentration is a limiting factor for growth. The results show that it was necessary to fertilize in this method.
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  • The Effect of Light and Temperature on the Growth and Morphogenesis of Caulerpa okamurae in Outdoor Mesocosm
    Teruwo Morita, Keigo Yamamoto, Tomokazu Nishigaki, Hikaru Endo, Koji T ...
    2013 Volume 61 Issue 4 Pages 383-387
    Published: December 20, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: April 02, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11233/aquaculturesci.61.383
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    Fragments of Caulerpa okamurae were cultured in outdoor mesocosms in order to determine suitable growth conditions for commercial cultivation. Weight increases were observed above 16.2°C and 20.0 mol·m-2·d-1 of mean total daily photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). Length of new rhizomes was also found to be related to water temperature. In contrast, the number and total length of new upright shoots depended on total daily PPFD, rather than water temperature. It was concluded that although light intensity could affect the morphological response of the upright shoots C. okamurae, temperature and total daily PPFD were two major factors affecting growth and morphogenesis of this marine alga.
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  • Dry Powdered Unicellular Alga Parachlorella kessleri Strain KNK-A001 as a Useful Feed for Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas Spat and Zooplankton Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis
    Yusaku Sugiyama, Mikinori Ueno, Cyril Glenn Perez Satuito, Kenji Yama ...
    2013 Volume 61 Issue 4 Pages 389-394
    Published: December 20, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: April 02, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11233/aquaculturesci.61.389
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    Parachlorella kessleri strain KNK-A001 is a green microalga that is taxonomically related to P. kessleri. This alga tentatively named as “KNK-A001” has extremely abundant chloroplasts occupying a large area of the cytosol and a thick extracellular matrix instead of a robust cell-wall as its unique characteristics. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of dry powdered KNK-A001 as a feed for spats of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the zooplankton rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. When dry powdered KNK-A001 was used as the sole diet, the Pacific oyster spats exhibited reasonable growth which was nearly equivalent to growth when fed on live diatom Chaetoceros gracilis, whereas growth of spats fed on dry powdered chlorella Chlorella vulgaris was obviously lower than those fed on KNK-A001 and diatom. Since many undigested cells were observed in the excretory substances of chlorella fed spats, ineffectiveness of chlorella as a feed for the Pacific oyster spats may be partly due to the indigestible rigid cell-wall. In addition, increase in the number of live rotifer fed on dry powdered KNK-A001 was observed, although the growth rate was lower than the group fed on live Nannochloropsis oculata. These results suggest that dry powdered KNK-A001 has good food value as feed at least for the Pacific oyster spat and rotifer.
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Short Paper
Program and Abstract
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